<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-11-1347-1353</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2705</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обоснование ассоциативных связей показателей негативных эффектов со стороны органов дыхания, системы крови и иммунной системы у детей с повышенным содержанием меди, никеля и хрома в крови</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Substantiation of marker indicators of diseases of the respiratory organs and the blood system in children with elevated blood levels of copper, nickel and chromium</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-9613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Землянова</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemlyanova</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. отд. биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», 614045, Пермь.</p><p>e-mail: zem@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci, Professor, Head of Biochemical and Cytogenetic Diagnostic Techniques Department, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: zem@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zem@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-1145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>Nina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3924-4526</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кольдибекова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koldibekova</surname><given-names>Juliya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9916-5491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Устинова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ustinova</surname><given-names>Olga Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-4090</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобякова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobjakova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1347</fpage><lpage>1353</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Землянова М.А., Зайцева Н.В., Кольдибекова Ю.В., Устинова О.Ю., Кобякова О.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Землянова М.А., Зайцева Н.В., Кольдибекова Ю.В., Устинова О.Ю., Кобякова О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zemlyanova M.A., Zaitseva N.V., Koldibekova J.V., Ustinova O.Y., Kobjakova O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2705">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2705</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Актуальной гигиенической проблемой в регионах с интенсивным промышленным освоением остаётся ненадлежащее качество атмосферного воздуха, которое обусловливает неприемлемые риски развития соматических заболеваний у населения в местах его постоянного проживания.</p><p>Цель исследования заключается в установлении ассоциативных связей показателей негативных эффектов со стороны органов дыхания и системы крови с повышенным содержанием меди, никеля и хрома в крови у детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведена гигиеническая оценка качества атмосферного воздуха селитебной застройки, оценён риск, выполнены химико-аналитические, биохимические, общеклинические, иммунологические и протеомные исследования, статистический анализ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлены ассоциативные связи повышенного содержания меди, никеля и хрома в крови с изменением показателей негативных эффектов. Маркерами формирования хронического воспаления, сопровождающегося дисбалансом клеточного и гуморального звена иммунитета, являются снижение фагоцитарного индекса и числа, гиперпродукция IgG, специфического к меди, общего IgG; маркером возможного нарушения каскада ферментативных реакций плазменной системы свёртывания крови и сосудисто-тромбоцитарного гемостаза выступает снижение экспрессии протромбина, витронектина и бета-субъединицы гемоглобина; маркером развития индукции окислительных процессов служит повышение МДА в плазме крови.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. В проведённом исследовании не исключается вероятность изменения лабораторных показателей, а также показателей заболеваемости, связанная с возможным влиянием иных факторов (наследственность, половозрастные особенности), не изученных в данной работе.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты целесообразно использовать для осуществления адресных мер профилактики негативных последствий со стороны органов дыхания, иммунной системы и системы крови, этиопатогенетически связанных с аэрогенным комбинированным воздействием оксидов никеля, хрома и меди.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено локальным этическим комитетом ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Роспотребнадзора (протокол № 1 от 06.02.2021 г.), проведено согласно общепринятым научным принципам Хельсинкской декларации Всемирной медицинской ассоциации (в ред. 2013 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Землянова М.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи; Зайцева Н.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи; Устинова О.Ю. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Кольдибекова Ю.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, статистическая обработка материала, написание текста; Кобякова О.А. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Работа выполнена в соответствии с Государственным заданием (гос. задание № 141-03-2021-029/3 от 22.09.2021 г.) Российской Федерации в рамках реализации программы «Обеспечение химической и биологической безопасности Российской Федерации» на период 2021–2024 гг.».</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 06.09.2022 / Принята к печати: 03.10.2022 / Опубликована: 30.11.2022</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. An urgent hygienic problem in regions with intensive industrial development is inadequate air quality, which causes unacceptable risks of developing somatic diseases among the population in their places of permanent residence.</p><p>The purpose of the study is to substantiate the associative relationships of indicators of negative effects on the respiratory organs and the blood system with an elevated blood content of copper, nickel and chromium in children.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A hygienic assessment of the quality of ambient air in residential buildings was carried out, the risk was assessed, chemical-analytical, biochemical, general clinical, immunological and proteomic studies and statistical analysis were performed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Established associative relationships of increased blood levels of copper, nickel and chromium with a change in the indicators of negative effects. Markers of the formation of chronic inflammation, accompanied by an imbalance of cellular and humoral immunity, are a decrease in the phagocytic index and number, overproduction of copper-specific IgG, total IgG; markers of a possible violation of the cascade of enzymatic reactions of the plasma system of blood coagulation and vascular-platelet hemostasis is a decine in the expression of prothrombin, vitronectin and hemoglobin beta subunit; development of induction of oxidative processes including an increase in MDA in blood plasma.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The conducted study does not make it possible to draw unambiguous conclusions about the effect of the studied chemicals on changes in biochemical and hematological parameters,and as well as morbidity rates, since the possibility of the impact of other factors (heredity, gender and age characteristics) not studied in this work is not excluded.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. It is expedient to use the obtained results for the implementation of targeted measures to prevent negative consequences on the part of the respiratory system, the immune system, and the blood system, etiopathogenetically associated with the aerogenic combined effect of nickel, chromium and copper oxides.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies for Population Health Risk Management of Rospotrebnadzor (protocol No. 1 dated February 6, 2021), and was conducted in accordance with generally accepted scientific principles of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (2013).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Zemlyanova M.A. — the concept and design of the study, editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article; Zaitseva N.V. — concept and design of the study, approval of the final version of the article; Ustinova O.Yu. — study concept and design, editing; Koldibekova Yu.V. — concept and design of the study, statistical processing of the material, writing the text; Kobjakova O.A. — collection and processing of material, writing the text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interests</title><p>Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The work was carried out in accordance with the State Assignment (State Assignment no. 141-03-2021-029/3 dated September 22, 2021) of the Russian Federation as part of the implementation of the program «Ensuring the chemical and biological safety of the Russian Federation” for the period 2021–2024.»</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: September 6, 2022 / Accepted: October 3, 2022 / Published: November 30, 2022 </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>повышенные концентрации меди в крови</kwd><kwd>повышенные концентрации никеля в крови</kwd><kwd>повышенные концентрации хрома в крови</kwd><kwd>негативные эффекты</kwd><kwd>органы дыхания</kwd><kwd>система крови</kwd><kwd>иммунная система</kwd><kwd>детское население</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>elevated concentrations of copper in the blood</kwd><kwd>elevated concentrations of nickel in the blood</kwd><kwd>elevated concentrations of chromium in the blood</kwd><kwd>negative effects</kwd><kwd>respiratory system</kwd><kwd>blood system</kwd><kwd>the immune system</kwd><kwd>child population</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Костылева Л.Н. Современное состояние атмосферного воздуха крупных промышленных городов. Научный альманах. 2020; (7-1): 165-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kostyleva L.N. Current state of atmospheric air in large industrial cities. Nauchnyy al’manakh. 2020; (7–1): 165–7. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ракитский В.Н., Авалиани С.Л., Новиков С.М., Шашина Т.А., Додина Н.С., Кислицин В.А. Анализ риска здоровью при воздействии атмосферных загрязнений как составная часть стратегии уменьшения глобальной эпидемии неинфекционных заболеваний. Анализ риска здоровью. 2019; (4): 30-6. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2019.4.03</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakitskiy V.N., Avaliani S.L., Novikov S.M., Shashina T.A., Dodina N.S., Kislitsin V.A. Health risk analysis related to exposure to ambuent air contamination as a component in the strategy aimed at reducing global non-infectious epidemics. Analiz riska zdorov’yu. 2019; (4): 30–6. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2019.4.03.eng</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution - REVIHAAP Project, Technical Report. Copenhagen; 2013. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/341712</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution – REVIHAAP Project, Technical Report. Copenhagen; 2013. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/341712</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EEA. Air quality in Europe-2017 report. European Environment Agency Report. n13/2017. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323005604_Air_Quality_in_Europe_-_2017_report</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EEA. Air quality in Europe-2017 report. European Environment Agency Report. n13/2017. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323005604_Air_Quality_in_Europe_-_2017_report</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo G., Zhang D., Wang Y. Characteristics of heavy metals in size-fractionated atmospheric particulate matters and associated health risk assessment based on the respiratory deposition. Environ. Geochem. Health. 2021; 43(1): 285-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00706-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo G., Zhang D., Wang Y. Characteristics of heavy metals in size-fractionated atmospheric particulate matters and associated health risk assessment based on the respiratory deposition. Environ. Geochem. Health. 2021; 43(1): 285–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00706-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г.Г., Зайцева Н.В., Землянова М.А. Гигиеническая индикация последствий для здоровья при внешнесредовой экспозиции химических факторов. Пермь: Книжный формат; 2011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onishchenko G.G., Zaytseva N.V., Zemlyanova M.A. Identification of Health Effects Caused by Environmental Chemical Exposure [Gigienicheskaya indikatsiya posledstviy dlya zdorov’ya pri vneshnesredovoy ekspozitsii khimicheskikh faktorov]. Perm’: Knizhnyy format; 2011. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Engwa G.A., Ferdinand P.U., Nwalo F.N., Unachukwu M.N. In: Karcioglu O., Arslan B., eds. Mechanism and health effects of heavy metal toxicity in humans. Poisoning in the Modern World - New Tricks for an Old Dog? BoD-Books on Demand; 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Engwa G.A., Ferdinand P.U., Nwalo F.N., Unachukwu M.N. In: Karcioglu O., Arslan B., eds. Mechanism and health effects of heavy metal toxicity in humans. Poisoning in the Modern World – New Tricks for an Old Dog? BoD–Books on Demand; 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buters J., Biedermann T. Chromium(VI) contact dermatitis: Getting closer to understanding the underlying mechanisms of toxicity and sensitization! J. Invest Dermatol. 2017; 137(2): 274-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2016.11.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buters J., Biedermann T. Chromium(VI) contact dermatitis: Getting closer to understanding the underlying mechanisms of toxicity and sensitization! J. Invest Dermatol. 2017; 137(2): 274–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2016.11.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gamasaee N.A., Muhammad H.A., Tadayon E., Ale-Ebrahim M., Mirpour M., Sharifi M., et al. The effects of nickel oxide nanoparticles on structural changes, heme degradation, aggregation of hemoglobin and expression of apoptotic genes in lymphocytes. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 2020; 38(12): 3676-686. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2019.1662850</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gamasaee N.A., Muhammad H.A., Tadayon E., Ale-Ebrahim M., Mirpour M., Sharifi M., et al. The effects of nickel oxide nanoparticles on structural changes, heme degradation, aggregation of hemoglobin and expression of apoptotic genes in lymphocytes. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 2020; 38(12): 3676–686. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2019.1662850</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makani J. Roberts D.J. Hematology in Africa. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. 2016; 30(2): 457-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hoc.2015.12.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makani J. Roberts D.J. Hematology in Africa. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. 2016; 30(2): 457–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hoc.2015.12.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савина А.А., Леонов С.А., Сон И.М., Фейгинова С.И. Вклад отдельных возрастных групп населения в формирование общей заболеваемости по данным обращаемости в федеральных округах Российской Федерации. Социальные аспекты здоровья населения. 2018; 61(3): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.21045/2071-5021-2018-61-3-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savina A.A., Leonov S.A., Son I.M., Feyginova S.I. Contribution of individual age groups in prevalence based on care seeking data in the federal districts of the Russian Federation. Sotsial’nye aspekty zdorov’ya naseleniya. 2018; 61(3): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.21045/2071-5021-2018-61-3-1 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гланц С. Медико-биологическая статистика. Пер. с англ. М.: Практика; 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glantz S.A. Primer of Biostatistics. New-York: McGraw-Hill; 1994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ВОЗ. Биомониторинг человека: факты и цифры. Копенгаген; 2015. Доступно: https://www.euro.who.int/ru/health-topics/environment-and-health/health-impact-assessment/publications/2015/human-biomonitoring-facts-and-figures</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. Human biomonitoring: facts and figures. Copenhagen; 2015. Available at: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/environment-and-health/health-impact-assessment/publications/2015/human-biomonitoring-facts-and-figures</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roudier J., Balandraud N., Auger I. How RA associated HLA-DR molecules contribute to the development of antibodies to citrullinated proteins: The Hapten carrier model. Front. Immunol. 2022; 13: 930112. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.930112</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roudier J., Balandraud N., Auger I. How RA associated HLA-DR molecules contribute to the development of antibodies to citrullinated proteins: The Hapten carrier model. Front. Immunol. 2022; 13: 930112. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.930112</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kubo M. Mast cells and basophils in allergic inflammation. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 2018; 54: 74-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2018.06.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kubo M. Mast cells and basophils in allergic inflammation. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 2018; 54: 74–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2018.06.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voehringer D. Protective and pathological roles of mast cells and basophils. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2013; 13(5): 362-75. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3427</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voehringer D. Protective and pathological roles of mast cells and basophils. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2013; 13(5): 362–75. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3427</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skalny A.V., Lima T., Ke T., Zhou J.C., Bornhorst J., Alekseenko S.I., et al. Toxic metal exposure as a possible risk factor for COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2020; 146: 111809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111809</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skalny A.V., Lima T., Ke T., Zhou J.C., Bornhorst J., Alekseenko S.I., et al. Toxic metal exposure as a possible risk factor for COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2020; 146: 111809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111809</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аллилуев И.А. Транскрипционный фактор HIF-1: механизмы регуляции при гипоксии и нормоксии. Известия высших учебных заведений. Северо-Кавказский регион. Естественные науки. 2014; (3): 56-60</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alliluev I.A. Transcription factor hif-1: mechanisms of regulation under hipoxia and normoxia. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Severo-Kavkazskiy region. Estestvennye nauki. 2014; (3): 56–60. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Nafie A.T., Al-Thuwaini T.M., Al-Shuhaib M.B.S. A novel association between hemoglobin subunit beta gene and reproductive performance in Awassi ewes. J. Saudi Soc. Agricult. Sci. 2022; 21(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2021.06.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Nafie A.T., Al-Thuwaini T.M., Al-Shuhaib M.B.S. A novel association between hemoglobin subunit beta gene and reproductive performance in Awassi ewes. J. Saudi Soc. Agricult. Sci. 2022; 21(1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2021.06.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hazawa M., Yasuda T., Noshiro K., Saotome-Nakamura A., Fukuzaki T., Michikawa Y., et al. Vitronectin improves cell survival after radiation injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. FEBS Open Bio. 2012; 2: 334-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fob.2012.10.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hazawa M., Yasuda T., Noshiro K., Saotome-Nakamura A., Fukuzaki T., Michikawa Y., et al. Vitronectin improves cell survival after radiation injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. FEBS Open Bio. 2012; 2: 334–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fob.2012.10.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
