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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-11-1386-1392</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2711</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS OF HYGIENIC AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новые возможности теста Эймса при оценке мутагенности технических продуктов действующих веществ пестицидов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New possibilities of the Ames test for evaluation of mutagenicity of technical products of active ingredients of pesticides</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-8771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>Ольга Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. генетической токсикологии, ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, Мытищи.</p><p>e-mail: egorovaov@fferisman.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, senior researcher of the department of genetic toxicology, F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: egorovaov@fferisman.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egorovaov@fferisman.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9122-9465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Илюшина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyushina</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1386</fpage><lpage>1392</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Егорова О.В., Илюшина Н.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Егорова О.В., Илюшина Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Egorova O.V., Ilyushina N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2711">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2711</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Тест Эймса — один из наиболее востребованных методов выявления мутагенности факторов среды. В ряде случаев его предлагают в качестве единственного и достаточного метода для первого этапа оценки эквивалентности технических продуктов (ТП) пестицидов оригинальным действующим веществам (ДВ). Ограничением метода является невозможность объективной оценки эквивалентности некоторых ТП, обладающих высокой цитотоксичностью, в частности сульфонилмочевин и триазолпиримидинов. С учётом механизма действия химических веществ указанных классов предложена модификация протокола стандартного чашечного теста Эймса для увеличения максимальной нецитотоксичной концентрации вплоть до 5 мг/чашка, рекомендованной нормативными документами.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Использовали 5 штаммов Salmonella typhimurium — TA97, TA98, ТА100, TA1535, TA102. Модификация метода включала обогащение верхнего агара изолейцином (1–5 мМ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Максимальные нецитотоксичные концентрации тифенсульфурон-метила и флорасулама при использовании общепринятого протокола не превышали 0,05–0,125 мг/чашка. Обогащение среды изолейцином позволяло провести оценку мутагенной активности веществ вплоть до максимальной рекомендованной концентрации 5 мг/чашка. Число спонтанных ревертантных колоний находилось в пределах исторического контроля в лаборатории, полученного в стандартных условиях. Положительные контроли проявили выраженную мутагенную активность на всех штаммах в условиях метаболической активации и без неё (р ≤ 0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследование ограничено тестированием мутагенной активности ТП ДВ пестицидов — ингибиторов синтазы ацетогидроксикислот.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Использование модифицированного протокола теста Эймса для исследования мутагенности ТП ДВ пестицидов из классов сульфонилмочевин и триазолпиримидинов путём обогащения среды изолейцином является более объективным способом оценки их мутагенности. Предложенный протокол расширяет возможности выявления опасных мутагенных примесей, которые присутствуют в ТП в небольших количествах, но при попадании в окружающую среду могут приводить к превышению уровня мутирования у живых организмов.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Егорова О.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста; Илюшина Н.А. — статистическая обработка материала, редактирование текста. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 21.06.2022 / Принята к печати: 03.10.2022 / Опубликована: 30.11.2022</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The Ames test is the one of the most popular methods for mutagenicity evaluation of environmental factors. In some cases, this method is suggested to be the only and sufficient assay for the first stage of the equivalence assessment of pesticide technical grade active ingredients (TGAI) to the original products. A limitation of the Ames test is related to the impossibility of an objective equivalence assessment of some cytotoxic TGAIs, in particular, sulfonylureas, and triazolpyrimidines. Based on the mode of action of the pesticides belongs to these chemical classes, we suggested a modification of the plate incorporation method protocol of the Ames test to the increase of maximal non-cytotoxic concentration up to the 5 mg/plate recommended by regulatory documents.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The five strains of Salmonella typhimurium ТА98, ТА100, ТА1535, ТА97, ТА102 were used. The modification of the protocol included a supplementation of the top agar with isoleucine (1–5 mM).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations of thifensulfuron-methyl and florasulam using the standard top agar did not exceed 0.05–0.125 mg/plate. The enrichment of the top agar with isoleucine allowed evaluating the mutagenicity of the substances up to the maximal recommended concentration of 5.0 mg/plate. The number of spontaneous revertants was within the historical limits of the laboratory control obtained under standard conditions. Positive controls showed pronounced mutagenic effects in case of all strains with and without metabolic activation (p≤0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. Mutagenicity was evaluated only for TGAIs, which are acetohydroxyacid synthase inhibitors.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The application of the modified Ames test protocol for mutagenicity assessment of TGAIs from the classes of sulfonylureas and triazolpyrimidines under supplementation of the top agar with isoleucine is a more objective way to evaluate their mutagenicity. The proposed protocol expands the possibilities of revealing dangerous mutagenic impurities that may occur in TGAIs in the small quantities, and after entering the environment can cause the gain in the mutation level in living organisms.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Egorova O.V. — the concept and design of the study, the collection and processing of material, writing the text; Ilyushina N.A. — statistical processing of the material, text editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. </p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. </p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. </p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: June 21, 2022 / Accepted: October 3, 2022 / Published: November 30, 2022 </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тест Эймса</kwd><kwd>мутагенность</kwd><kwd>сульфонилмочевины</kwd><kwd>триазолпиримидины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the Ames test</kwd><kwd>mutagenicity</kwd><kwd>sulfonylureas</kwd><kwd>triazolo pyrimidines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nishimoto R. Global trends in the crop protection industry. J. Pestic. Sci. 2019; 44(3): 141-7. https://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D19-101</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nishimoto R. Global trends in the crop protection industry. J. Pestic. 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