medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-11-1393-1402medlit-2712Research ArticleМЕТОДЫ ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙMETHODS OF HYGIENIC AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONSМетодические подходы к определению полиаренов в атмосферном воздухе (аналитический обзор)Methodical approaches to the detection polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air (analytical review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9238-5598УлановаТ. С.UlanovaTatyana S.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6768-0045КарнажицкаяТатьяна ДмитриевнаKarnazhitskayaTatyana D.

Канд. биол. наук, зав. лаб. методов жидкостной хроматографии ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», 614045, Пермь.

e-mail: tdkarn@fcrisk.ru

MD, PhD, Head of the Liquid Chromatography Laboratoryof the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm city, 614045, Russian Federation.

e-mail: tdkarn@fcrisk.ru

tdkarn@fcrisk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4276-9921ЗоринаА. С.ZorinaAnastasiya S.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3259-1509СтарчиковаМ. О.StarchikovaMariya O.noemail@neicon.ruФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человекаРоссияFederal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management TechnologiesRussian Federation2022261220221011113931402Copyright © Уланова Т.С., Карнажицкая Т.Д., Зорина А.С., Старчикова М.О., 20222022Уланова Т.С., Карнажицкая Т.Д., Зорина А.С., Старчикова М.О.Ulanova T.S., Karnazhitskaya T.D., Zorina A.S., Starchikova M.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2712

Среди стойких органических загрязнителей атмосферного воздуха особое место занимает группа полициклических ароматических углеводородов (ПАУ, или полиарены) в связи с их высокой канцерогенной опасностью. Ввиду повсеместного присутствия данных веществ в атмосферном воздухе, низких величин гигиенических нормативов и значений референтных концентраций для хронического ингаляционного воздействия (RfC) качественная и количественная идентификация ПАУ является актуальной задачей.

Цель

Цель: проанализировать современные методические подходы к определению полиаренов в атмосферном воздухе, применяемые в лабораторной практике, на базе российских и зарубежных источников. В работе рассмотрены современные методы аналитического контроля ПАУ в атмосферном воздухе, официально утверждённые в Российской Федерации, а также представленные в мировой литературе. Поиск литературных источников проведён по базам данных PubMed, RSC Publishing, Springer Nature, Scopus, eLIBRARY.RU. Анализ методов определения ПАУ в атмосферном воздухе по данным методической и научно-технической литературы позволил выделить основные направления методических разработок, применяемых в современной лабораторной практике для аналитического контроля полиаренов в воздухе. Представлены преимущества и недостатки конкретных методик, отдельных этапов проведения анализа, условий отбора, хранения и транспортировки проб, которые в совокупности могут приводить к ложноположительным или ложноотрицательным результатам.

Заключение

Заключение. Современные методы анализа полиаренов в атмосферном воздухе являются результатом постоянного совершенствования техники выполнения отдельных аналитических процедур, разработки новых методических подходов к решению аналитических задач, появления нового, более совершенного измерительного и вспомогательного оборудования, что даёт возможность разработки высокочувствительных и высокоселективных методик измерения токсикантов в среде обитания человека на уровне ПДКс.с., ПДКм.р. и RfC при хроническом ингаляционном воздействии.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Уланова Т.С. — концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи; Карнажицкая Т.Д. — написание текста, сбор и статистическая обработка материала; Зорина А.С. — сбор и статистическая обработка материала; Старчикова М.О. — сбор и статистическая обработка материала.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Поступила

Поступила: 06.09.2022 / Принята к печати: 03.10.2022 / Опубликована: 30.11.2022

Among the persistent organic pollutants of atmospheric air, a special place is occupied by a group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or polyarenes due to their high carcinogenic hazard. In view of the ubiquitous presence of these substances in the atmospheric air, low values of hygienic standards and values of reference concentrations (RfC) for chronic inhalation exposure, the qualitative and quantitative identification of PAHs is the critical task.

Purpose is to analyze modern methodological approaches used in laboratory practice to determine polyarenes in atmospheric air on the base of Russian and foreign sources. The paper considers modern methods for the analytical control of PAHs in atmospheric air, officially approved in the Russian Federation and presented in the world literature. The search for literary sources was carried out using the PubMed, RSC Publishing, Springer Nature, SCOPUS, eLIBRARY.RU databases. An analysis of the methodological and scientific and technical literature on methods for the determination of PAHs in atmospheric air made it possible to identify the main directions of methodological developments used in modern laboratory practice for the analytical control of polyarenes in air.

The advantages and disadvantages of specific methods, individual stages of analysis, conditions for sampling, storage and transportation of samples, which together can lead to false positive or false negative results, are presented.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Modern methods for the analysis of polyarenes in atmospheric air are the result of continuous improvement in the technique of performing individual analytical procedures, the development of new methodological approaches to solving analytical problems, the emergence of new, more advanced measuring and auxiliary equipment, which makes it possible to develop highly sensitive and highly selective methods for measuring toxicants in the human environment at the level of MPCdaily average, MPCone-time and RfC for chronic inhalation exposure.

Contribution

Contribution: Ulanova T.S. — concept and design of the study, editing, approval of the final version of the article; Karnazhickaja T.D. — writing text, collection and statistical processing of material; Zorina A.S. — writing text, collection and statistical processing of material; Starchikova M.O. — writing text, collection and statistical processing of material. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. 

Received

Received: September 6, 2022 / Accepted: October 3, 2022 / Published: November 30, 2022 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.