<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-12-1450-1457</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2742</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биотестирование для объективизации гигиенической оценки поверхностных и подземных источников водоснабжения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biotesting for the objectivization of the hygienic evaluation of the surface and underground drinking water sources</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7379-484X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусев</surname><given-names>Юрий Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusev</surname><given-names>Yurij S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. химико-биологического мониторинга качества воды Саратовского медицинского научного центра гигиены ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Роспотребнадзора, 410022, Саратов.</p><p>e-mail: yuran1989@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, researcher of Laboratory of chemical-biological monitoring of water quality of the Saratov Medical Scientific Centre of Hygiene of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Saratov, 410022, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: yuran1989@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuran1989@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8162-9019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Dmitrij E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5187-7361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эрдниев</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erdniev</surname><given-names>Leonid P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5070-4431</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузянов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzyanov</surname><given-names>Dmitrij A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1992-5305</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кошелева</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosheleva</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-8784</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савина</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savina</surname><given-names>Kseniya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0670-7918</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Микеров</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikerov</surname><given-names>Anatolij N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Саратовский медицинский научный центр гигиены ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Саратовский медицинский научный центр гигиены ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Роспотребнадзора; ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовская государственная юридическая академия»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies; Saratov State Law Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Саратовский медицинский научный центр гигиены ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Роспотребнадзора; ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет имени В.И. Разумовского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies; Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1450</fpage><lpage>1457</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гусев Ю.С., Иванов Д.Е., Эрдниев Л.П., Кузянов Д.А., Кошелева И.С., Савина К.А., Микеров А.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гусев Ю.С., Иванов Д.Е., Эрдниев Л.П., Кузянов Д.А., Кошелева И.С., Савина К.А., Микеров А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gusev Y.S., Ivanov D.E., Erdniev L.P., Kuzyanov D.A., Kosheleva I.S., Savina K.A., Mikerov A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2742">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2742</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Методы биотестирования наряду со стандартными методами санитарно-химического анализа могут использоваться для оценки гигиенической безопасности различных объектов окружающей среды.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Методы исследования включали санитарно-химический анализ проб воды, а также методы биотестирования с использованием одноклеточной зелёной водоросли Chlorella vulgaris Beijer. и половых клеток быка Bulla spermatozoa.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Для экспериментальной апробации разработанного алгоритма оценки гигиенической безопасности воды на основе двухкомпонентной системы биотестирования и методов санитарно-химического анализа проведена оценка шести подземных и пяти поверхностных водоисточников. Реакция тест-объектов, указывающая на наличие острой токсичности проб воды, взятых из поверхностных и подземных водоисточников, в большинстве случаев соотносится с превышением ПДК по отдельным показателям, выявленным с помощью санитарно-химического анализа согласно МР 2.1.4.0176–20 «Организация мониторинга обеспечения населения качественной питьевой водой из систем централизованного водоснабжения». Однако в двух пробах воды выявлено наличие токсических веществ по данным биотестирования при отсутствии превышения ПДК по данным санитарно-химического анализа, что свидетельствует о наличии в пробах воды веществ, которые отсутствуют в перечне обязательных определяемых показателей согласно МР 2.1.4.0176–20.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Двухкомпонентная биотест-система не может быть использована отдельно без санитарно-химического анализа воды.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Биотестирование является важным дополнением к стандартному санитарно-химическому анализу согласно МР 2.1.4.0176–20, показывая наличие неидентифицированных токсических веществ, которые не включены в перечень обязательных определяемых показателей.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Гусев Ю.С. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи; Иванов Д.Е. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста; Эрдниев Л.П. — написание текста, редактирование; Кузянов Д.А. — сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка данных, написание текста, редактирование; Кошелева И.С. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование; Савина К.А. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование; Микеров А.Н. — концепция и дизайн исследования, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 27.10.2022 / Принята к печати: 08.12.2022 / Опубликована: 12.01.2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. An algorithm for evaluating the hygienic safety of drinking water sources based on biotesting and studying sanitary and chemical indicators has been developed and tested.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The research methods included sanitary and chemical analysis of water samples, as well as biotesting methods using single-celled green alga Chlorella vulgaris Beijer and bull spermatozoa.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. For experimental approbation of the developed algorithm for determining the hygienic safety of water based on a two-component system of express biotesting and measurement of sanitary and chemical indicators, 6 underground and 5 surface water sources were evaluated. The response of test objects indicating the presence of acute toxicity in water samples taken from surface and underground in many cases correlates with the excess of MPC for individual indicators identified by sanitary and chemical analysis. For two water samples, differences were found between the results of biotesting and sanitary-chemical analysis, and therefore it is necessary to conduct an extended toxicological and chemical assessment to identify the source of toxic effects.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The two-component test system cannot be used separately without sanitary and chemical analysis of water media.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Biotesting can be an addition to sanitary and chemical analyses, showing the presence of toxic substances that are not in the list of mandatory indicators to be determined (according to MR 2.1.4.0176-20 (in Russian)).</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of a biomedical ethics committee opinion or other documents.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Gusev Yu.S. — concept and design of the study, writing the text, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article; Ivanov D.E. — concept and design of the study, writing the text; Erdniev L.P. — writing the text, editing; Kuzyanov D.A. — collection and processing of material, statistical data processing, writing text, editing; Kosheleva I.S. — collection and processing of material, writing text, editing; Savina K.A. — collection and processing of material, writing text, editing; Mikerov A.N. — concept and design of the study, approval of the final version of the article. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. </p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. </p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. </p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: Octoober 10, 2022 / Accepted: December 8, 2022 / Published: January 12, 2023 </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>источники питьевого водоснабжения</kwd><kwd>санитарно-химический анализ</kwd><kwd>биотестирование</kwd><kwd>двухкомпонентная тест-система</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sources of drinking water</kwd><kwd>sanitary and chemical analysis</kwd><kwd>biotesting</kwd><kwd>two-component test system</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тулакин А.В. Биотестирование как критерий гигиенической оценки качества вод. Санитарный врач. 2018; (9): 44-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tulakin A.V. Biotesting as a criterion for hygienic assessment of water quality. Sanitarnyy vrach. 2018; (9): 44–9. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu J., Wei D., Wang F., Bai C., Du Y. Bioassay: A useful tool for evaluating reclaimed water safety. J. Environ. Sci. (China). 2020; 88: 165-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2019.08.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu J., Wei D., Wang F., Bai C., Du Y. Bioassay: A useful tool for evaluating reclaimed water safety. J. Environ. Sci. (China). 2020; 88: 165–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2019.08.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Babić S., Malev O., Pflieger M., Lebedev A.T., Mazur D.M., Kužić A., et al. Toxicity evaluation of olive oil mill wastewater and its polar fraction using multiple whole-organism bioassays. Sci. Total Environ. 2019; 686: 903-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.046</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babić S., Malev O., Pflieger M., Lebedev A.T., Mazur D.M., Kužić A., et al. Toxicity evaluation of olive oil mill wastewater and its polar fraction using multiple whole-organism bioassays. Sci. Total Environ. 2019; 686: 903–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.046</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodrigues S., Pinto I., Martins F., Formigo N., Antunes S.C. Can biochemical endpoints improve the sensitivity of the biomonitoring strategy using bioassays with standard species, for water quality evaluation. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2021; 215: 112151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112151</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodrigues S., Pinto I., Martins F., Formigo N., Antunes S.C. Can biochemical endpoints improve the sensitivity of the biomonitoring strategy using bioassays with standard species, for water quality evaluation. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2021; 215: 112151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112151</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каменец А.Ф., Иванов Д.Е. Возможности применения методов биотестирования для оценки загрязнения марганцем источников водоснабжения населения. Санитарный врач. 2019; (3): 68-73</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamenets A.F., Ivanov D.E. The possibilities of applying biotesting methods in the integrated assessment of the quality of surface water supply sources of the population. Sanitarnyy vrach. 2019; (3): 68–73. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hee C.W., Shing W.L., Chi C.K. Effect of Lead (Pb) exposure towards green microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) on the changes of physicochemical parameters in water. South Afr. J. Chem. Eng. 2021; 37: 252-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2021.04.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hee C.W., Shing W.L., Chi C.K. Effect of Lead (Pb) exposure towards green microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) on the changes of physicochemical parameters in water. South Afr. J. Chem. Eng. 2021; 37: 252–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2021.04.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karlander E.P., Krauss R.W. Absorption and toxicity of beryllium and lithium in Chlorella vannielii Shihira and Krauss. Chesapeake Sci. 1972; 13(4): 245-53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karlander E.P., Krauss R.W. Absorption and toxicity of beryllium and lithium in Chlorella vannielii Shihira and Krauss. Chesapeake Sci. 1972; 13(4): 245–53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чупис В.Н., Журавлёва Л.Л., Жирнов В.А., Ларин И.Н., Лущай Е.А., Емельянова Н.В. и др. Оценка качества воды водоёма охладителя Балаковской атомной электростанции методами биомониторинга. Теоретическая и прикладная экология. 2008; (2): 43-50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chupis V.N., Zhuravleva L.L., Zhirnov V.A., Larin I.N., Lushchay E.A., Emel’yanova N.V., et al. Estimation of water quality in the cooling-reservoir of Balakovo atomic electric power station by means of biomonitoring method. Teoreticheskaya i prikladnaya ekologiya. 2008; (2): 43–50. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Муфтиева Р.Р., Мусифуллина Г.А., Валиева Ч.З. Оценка токсичности солей тяжёлых металлов на рост и развитие Chlorella vulgaris. Вестник Башкирского государственного педагогического университета им. М. Акмуллы. 2020; (2): 112-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muftieva R.R., Musifullina G.A., Valieva Ch.Z. Assessment of the toxicity of hard metal salts to the growth and development of Chlorella vulgaris. Vestnik Bashkirskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. M. Akmully. 2020; (2): 112–7. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Darszon A., Nishigaki T., Beltran C., Treviño С.L. Calcium channels in the development, maturation, and function of spermatozoa. Physiol. Rev. 2011; 91(4): 1305-55. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00028.2010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Darszon A., Nishigaki T., Beltran C., Treviño С.L. Calcium channels in the development, maturation, and function of spermatozoa. Physiol. Rev. 2011; 91(4): 1305–55. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00028.2010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carlson A.E., Hille B., Babcock D.F. External Ca2+ acts upstream of adenylyl cyclase SACY in the bicarbonate signaled activation of sperm motility. Develop. Biol. 2007; 312(1): 183-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.09.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carlson A.E., Hille B., Babcock D.F. External Ca2+ acts upstream of adenylyl cyclase SACY in the bicarbonate signaled activation of sperm motility. Develop. Biol. 2007; 312(1): 183–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.09.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martínez-López P., Santi C.M., Treviño C.L., Ocampo-Gutiérrez A.Y., Acevedo J.J., Alisio A., et al. Mouse sperm K+ currents stimulated by pH and cAMP possibly coded by Slo3 channels. Biochem. Biophys. Res.Commun. 2009; 381(2): 204-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martínez-López P., Santi C.M., Treviño C.L., Ocampo-Gutiérrez A.Y., Acevedo J.J., Alisio A., et al. Mouse sperm K+ currents stimulated by pH and cAMP possibly coded by Slo3 channels. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2009; 381(2): 204–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaludin I., Georgiev G.T., Marinov M.F. Zinc and manganese transport in ram sex cells. Veterinary-medical sciences. 1983; 20(1): 91-6. (in Bulgarian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaludin I., Georgiev G.T., Marinov M.F. Zinc and manganese transport in ram sex cells. Veterinary-medical sciences. 1983; 20(1): 91–6. (in Bulgarian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ho H.C., Granish K.A., Suarez S.S. Hyperactivated motility of bull sperm is triggered at the axoneme by Ca2+ and not cAMP. Develop. Biol. 2002; 250(1): 208-17. https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.2002.0797</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ho H.C., Granish K.A., Suarez S.S. Hyperactivated motility of bull sperm is triggered at the axoneme by Ca2+ and not cAMP. Develop. Biol. 2002; 250(1): 208–17. https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.2002.0797</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yousef M.I., El-Morsey A.M., Hassan M.S. Aluminium-induced deterioration in reproductive performance and seminal plasma biochemistry of male rabbits: protective role of ascorbic acid. Toxicol. 2005; 215(1-2): 97-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2005.06.025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yousef M.I., El-Morsey A.M., Hassan M.S. Aluminium-induced deterioration in reproductive performance and seminal plasma biochemistry of male rabbits: protective role of ascorbic acid. Toxicol. 2005; 215(1-2): 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2005.06.025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marzec-Wróblewska U., Kamiński P., Lakota P. Influence of chemical elements on mammalian spermatozoa. Folia Biologica. 2012; 58(1): 7-15. (in Czech)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marzec-Wróblewska U., Kamiński P., Lakota P. Influence of chemical elements on mammalian spermatozoa. Folia Biologica. 2012; 58(1): 7–15. (in Czech)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Красовский Г.Н., Егорова Н.А. Методологические ошибки использования биологического тестирования в гигиенических исследованиях. Гигиена и санитария. 2000; 79(4): 64-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasovskiy G.N., Egorova N.A. Methodological errors in the use of biological testing in hygienic research. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2000; 79(4): 64–6. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Красовский Г.Н., Рахманин Ю.А., Егорова Н.А. Экстраполяция токсикологических данных с животных на человека. М.: Медицина; 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasovskiy G.N., Rakhmanin Yu.A., Egorova N.A. Extrapolation of Toxicological Data from Animals to Humans [Ekstrapolyatsiya toksikologicheskikh dannykh s zhivotnykh na cheloveka]. Moscow: Meditsina; 2009. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каркищенко Н.Н. Через критерии подобия и аллометрии к валидации и экстраполяции в биомедицине. Биомедицина. 2007; (1): 5-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karkishchenko N.N. Through similarity and allometry criteria to validation and extrapolation in biomedicine. Biomeditsina. 2007; (1): 5–28. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
