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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-12-1458-1463</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2743</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вопросы безопасного использования современных цементных материалов в практике питьевого водоснабжения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Рroblems of the safe use of modern cement materials in the practice of drinking water supply</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0422-8382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Анна Венедиктовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, начальник отд. гигиены ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России.</p><p>e-mail: AAlekseeva@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Head of the Hygiene Department of the Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: AAlekseeva@cspmz.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aalekseeva@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7032-1366</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савостикова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savostikova</surname><given-names>Olga N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1458</fpage><lpage>1463</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алексеева А.В., Савостикова О.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеева А.В., Савостикова О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekseeva A.V., Savostikova O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2743">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2743</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В настоящее время значительные изменения претерпевают технологии подготовки цементных смесей и бетона, в их состав вводят новые компоненты, поскольку традиционные материалы не в полной мере удовлетворяют требованиям строительства гидротехнических сооружений, в том числе внутреннего покрытия труб и резервуаров для питьевой воды. Однако помимо улучшения характеристик цементных смесей добавки могут оказывать негативное влияние на окружающую среду и здоровье человека, вымываясь из цемента в питьевую воду. Определение лишь основных компонентов, указанных в «Единых санитарно-эпидемиологических и гигиенических требованиях к товарам, подлежащим санитарно-эпидемиологическому надзору (контролю)»1 (далее — Единые требования), при проведении гигиенической оценки не даёт полной информации о химической безопасности цементных материалов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Выполнено исследование одиннадцати образцов цементных смесей, изготовленных различными производителями для ремонта железобетонных изделий и конструкций общестроительного и специального назначения, в том числе контактирующих с питьевой водой, а также применяемых для санации внутренних поверхностей стальных трубопроводов (включая системы горячего водоснабжения) и ремонтно-восстановительных работ. Оценка образцов выполнена с учётом Единых требований, дополнительно определены показатели, не являющиеся обязательными для оценки данных материалов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Гигиеническая оценка цементных смесей показала, что в некоторых вытяжках присутствовал литий в концентрации от 20 до 0,18 мг/л – максимальное превышение составило 666 раз по отношению к предельно допустимой концентрации (0,03 мг/л). Также в двух образцах отмечено незначительное превышение допустимой концентрации хрома — 0,065и 0,09 мг/л (ПДК = 0,05). В водных вытяжках обнаружены железо и цинк в незначительных концентрациях, в одном из образцов наблюдалось превышение концентрации марганца в 2 раза. В одной водной вытяжке присутствовали силикаты в концентрации 34,24 мг/л, что превышает их допустимые уровни в питьевой воде. Также при анализе идентифицирован ряд органических соединений, относящихся к кислородсодержащим (спирты, производные фенола, кетоны, эфиры, фталаты), для большей части которых ПДК не установлены.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследование проведено на одиннадцати образцах цементных смесей при стандартных условиях: настаивании в модельных средах в течение 30 сут при комнатной температуре в соотношении: 1 см2 поверхности образца к 1 см3 воды. Отбор проб проводили на 1-е, 3-и, 5-е, 10-е, 20-е и 30-е сутки исследований без смены тестовой воды. Аналогичные исследования необходимо провести в условиях эксперимента, приближенных к условиям эксплуатации данных материалов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Оценивая эффективность миграции из цементно-связанных материалов, необходимо учитывать их капиллярно-пористую структуру и способность со временем улучшать свойства покрытия за счёт преобразования гидроксида кальция, присутствующего в недавно нанесённом покрытии, в более плотный гидрокарбонат кальция. Миграцию химических веществ из цементно-связанных материалов необходимо оценивать с учётом конкретных условий их применения в практике питьевого водоснабжения, а оценку вносимых добавок проводить на тестовых цементных образцах, так как теоретически невозможно рассчитать скорость миграции компонентов из готового материала.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Алексеева А.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, сбор материала и обработка данных, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи; Савостикова О.Н. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, сбор материала и обработка данных, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследования проводились в рамках государственного задания по теме «Совершенствование государственной системы контроля и обеспечения химической безопасности окружающей среды для здоровья населения с учётом процессов трансформации веществ» в ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 27.10.2022 / Принята к печати: 08.12.2022 / Опубликована: 12.01.2023</p><p>1 Единые санитарно-эпидемиологические и гигиенические требования к продукции (товарам), подлежащей санитарно-эпидемиологическому надзору (контролю). Утверждены решением Комиссии Таможенного союза от 28 мая 2010 г. № 299.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Recently, there have been increasing changes in the technology of preparation of cement mixtures and concrete, the use of new components in their composition, since traditional materials are not quite suitable for the construction of hydraulic structures, including the internal coating of pipes and drinking water tanks. However, in addition to improving the characteristics of cement mixtures, additives can have a negative impact on the environment and human health by leaching out of cement into drinking water. The definition of only the main components specified in the “Universal sanitary-epidemiological and hygienic requirements for goods subject to sanitary-epidemiological supervision (control)” (hereinafter — the Universal Requirements) does not provide complete information about the chemical safety of cement materials during the hygienic assessment.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. There were studied eleven samples of cement mixtures from various manufacturers repaired of reinforced concrete products and structures of general and special purpose, including those in contact with drinking water, and used for the sanitation of the internal surfaces of steel pipelines (including hot water supply systems) and repair and restoration work. The evaluation of samples was carried out taking into account Universal requirements, and indicators that are not mandatory for the evaluation of these materials were investigated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Hygienic assessment of cement mixtures showed lithium to be detected in some extracts in concentrations from 20 mg/L to 0.18 mg/L, which is 666 times higher than its maximum permissible concentration — 0.03 mg/L. Also, two samples showed a slight excess of the permissible chromium concentration — 0.065 mg/L and 0.09 mg/L (MPC &lt; 0.05). Iron and zinc in insignificant concentrations were found in aqueous extracts; in one of the samples a 2-fold excess of the manganese concentration was observed. One water extract contains silicates at a concentration of 34.24 mg/L, which exceeds their permissible levels in drinking water. The analysis also identified a number of organic compounds related to oxygen-containing compounds (alcohols, phenol derivatives, ketones, esters, phthalates), for most of which no MPC has been established.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study was carried out on eleven samples of cement mixtures under standard conditions: infusion in model media for 30 days at room temperature in the ratio: 1 cm2 of the sample surface to 1 cm3 of water. Sampling was carried out on the Days 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 30 of research, without changing the test water. It is necessary to conduct similar studies under experimental conditions close to the operating conditions of these materials.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Assessing the efficiency of migration from cement-bound materials, it is necessary to take into account their capillary-porous structure on the one hand and the ability to improve the coating properties over time by converting calcium hydroxide present in freshly applied cladding into denser calcium bicarbonate. The migration of chemicals from cement-bound material is to be evaluated by taking into account the specific conditions of their use in the practice of drinking water supply, and the assessment of the additives introduced should be carried out on test cement samples, since it is impossible to theoretically calculate the migration rate of the components from the finished material.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the conclusion of the Biomedical Ethics Committee.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Alekseeva A.V. — the concept and design of the study, writing the text, collecting material and processing data, editing; Savostikova O.N. — concept and design of the study, writing the text, collecting material and processing data, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. </p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. </p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. </p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: October 27, 2022 / Accepted: December 8, 2022 / Published: December January 12, 2023 </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>водоснабжение</kwd><kwd>материалы для питьевого водоснабжения</kwd><kwd>цементные смеси</kwd><kwd>гидробетон</kwd><kwd>цементно-песчаное покрытие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>water supply</kwd><kwd>materials for drinking water supply</kwd><kwd>cement mixtures</kwd><kwd>hydraulic concrete</kwd><kwd>cement-sand coating</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сайгашова Е.Е. Особенности бетонов для строительства гидротехнических сооружений. Вестник Хакасского государственного университета им. Н.Ф. Катанова. 2017; (20): 41-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saygashova E.E. 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