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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-12-1469-1475</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2745</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние мелкодисперсных взвешенных частиц в атмосферном воздухе на формирование и течение Т2-эндотипа бронхиальной астмы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of fine suspended particles in the atmospheric air on the formation and course of the T2 endotype of bronchial asthma: a case-control study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-563X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фатхутдинова</surname><given-names>Лилия Минвагизовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fatkhutdinova</surname><given-names>Liliya M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, зав. каф. гигиены, медицины труда ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, 420012, Казань.</p><p>e-mail: liliya.fatkhutdinova@kazangmu.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, head of the Department of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, Kazan, 420012, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: liliya.fatkhutdinova@kazangmu.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liliya.fatkhutdinova@kazangmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-5753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скороходкина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skorokhodkina</surname><given-names>Olesya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-8807</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яппарова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yapparova</surname><given-names>Laila I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3533-2596</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хакимова</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khakimova</surname><given-names>Milyausha R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-2005</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахимзянов</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhimzyanov</surname><given-names>Alfrit R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-0694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абляева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ablyaeva</surname><given-names>Anastasiya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7346-9753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Noskov</surname><given-names>Aleksei I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2616-5017</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габидинова</surname><given-names>Г. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabidinova</surname><given-names>Gulnaz F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2479-2474</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимербулатова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timerbulatova</surname><given-names>Gyuzel A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-0058</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Залялов</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zalyalov</surname><given-names>Ramil R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский национальный исследовательский технический университет имени А.Н. Туполева - КАИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Республике Татарстан (Татарстан)»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University; Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ГАУЗ «Республиканский медицинский информационно-аналитический центр»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University; Republican Medical Center for Information and Analysis</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1469</fpage><lpage>1475</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фатхутдинова Л.М., Скороходкина О.В., Яппарова Л.И., Хакимова М.Р., Рахимзянов А.Р., Абляева А.В., Носков А.И., Габидинова Г.Ф., Тимербулатова Г.А., Залялов Р.Р., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фатхутдинова Л.М., Скороходкина О.В., Яппарова Л.И., Хакимова М.Р., Рахимзянов А.Р., Абляева А.В., Носков А.И., Габидинова Г.Ф., Тимербулатова Г.А., Залялов Р.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fatkhutdinova L.M., Skorokhodkina O.V., Yapparova L.I., Khakimova M.R., Rakhimzyanov A.R., Ablyaeva A.V., Noskov A.I., Gabidinova G.F., Timerbulatova G.A., Zalyalov R.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2745">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2745</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Целью исследования явилось изучение влияния мелкодисперсных взвешенных частиц в атмосферном воздухе на формирование и течение аллергического и неаллергического фенотипов Т2-эндотипа бронхиальной астмы в ходе исследования типа «случай – контроль».</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Пациентов с бронхиальной астмой отбирали в ходе обращений за медицинской помощью. Формирование групп проводили на основе критериев сопоставления (пол, возраст, индекс массы тела, уровень образования), дополняя сбором информации о потенциальных кофаундерах. На основе массива данных мониторинга содержания взвешенных веществ в атмосферном воздухе г. Казани в зонах проживания определяли среднегодовые и максимальные концентрации фракций РМ2,5 и РМ10. В группу «случаев» вошли 40 пациентов с аллергическим фенотипом бронхиальной астмы и 42 пациента с эозинофильным неаллергическим фенотипом, в группу сравнения — 48 человек. Дополнительно проведён отбор проб атмосферного воздуха при помощи восьмиступенчатого импактора для исследований на содержание бактериального эндотоксина и элементного состава аэрозоля.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В зонах проживания пациентов с бронхиальной астмой в отличие от группы сравнения отмечены более высокие уровни загрязнения атмосферного воздуха взвешенными частицами. Увеличение среднегодовой концентрации фракции РМ2,5 на 10 мкг/м3 повышает шансы эозинофильного неаллергического фенотипа бронхиальной астмы у взрослых в 4,76 раза. Шансы аллергического фенотипа бронхиальной астмы повышаются в присутствии бактериального эндотоксина в 1,32 раза на 0,01 ЕЭ/м3 эндотоксина в размерной фракции 3,2–18 мкм. Более тяжёлое течение эозинофильного неаллергического фенотипа бронхиальной астмы отмечалось при более высоких среднегодовых концентрациях фракции РМ2,5. Для контроля заболеваемости аллергической астмой значение имело бактериальное загрязнение аэрозоля.</p><p>Ограничения исследования связаны с использованием геоинформационного подхода для оценки персонализированных среднегодовых и максимальных годовых концентраций.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Показана роль мелкодисперсных взвешенных веществ в атмосферном воздухе в развитии бронхиальной астмы у взрослых и установлено участие различающихся механизмов (реакция эпителия на осаждение частиц в дыхательных путях или реакция на компонентный состав аэрозоля) в формировании клинической картины эозинофильного неаллергического и аллергического фенотипов бронхиальной астмы соответственно.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено локальным этическим комитетом ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Фатхутдинова Л.М. — концепция и дизайн исследования, анализ материала, обобщение полученных материалов, написание статьи, редактирование, подготовка статьи к публикации; Скороходкина О.В. — подбор пациентов с бронхиальной астмой и группы сравнения, обобщение полученных результатов, редактирование текста; Хакимова М.Р. — медицинский осмотр пациентов с бронхиальной астмой и группы сравнения, обобщение полученных данных; Рахимзянов А.Р. — медицинский осмотр пациентов с бронхиальной астмой и группы сравнения, обобщение полученных данных; Яппарова Л.И. — отбор проб атмосферного воздуха на импактор, гравиметрический анализ и характеристика бактериального загрязнения аэрозоля, обобщение полученных данных; Абляева А.В. — анкетирование участников исследования, анализ и обобщение данных; Габидинова Г.Ф. – статистическая обработка полученных результатов, подготовка графиков, редактирование текста; Носков А.И. — исследование дисперсности и состава взвешенных веществ в атмосферном воздухе методом просвечивающей электронной микроскопии, обобщение данных; Тимербулатова Г.А. — анализ массива данных по мониторингу содержания мелкодисперсных взвешенных веществ, анализ и обобщение данных, редактирование текста; Залялов Р.Р. — дизайн исследования, анализ и интерпретация данных, редактирование текста. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 19-05-50094.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 12.10.2022 / Принята к печати: 08.12.2022 / Опубликована: 12.01.2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of fine suspended particles in the atmospheric air on the formation and course of allergic and non-allergic phenotypes of the T2 endotype of bronchial asthma (BA) using the case-control study.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. BA patients were selected in the course of seeking medical help. The groups were formed on the base of matching criteria (gender, age, body mass index, level of education), supplemented by the collection of information about potential cofounders. Based on the data on monitoring the content of fine suspended particles in the atmospheric air of Kazan, the average annual and maximum concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 fractions were determined in the residential areas. The group of “cases” included forty patients with an allergic phenotype and 42 patients with an eosinophilic non-allergic phenotype of bronchial asthma, the control group included forty eight people. Additionally, sampling of atmospheric air was carried out using an 8-stage impactor to assess the content of bacterial endotoxin, and elemental composition.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Higher levels of pollution with fine suspended particles were demonstrated in the areas of residence of BA patients, comparing to the control group. An increase in the average annual concentration of the PM2.5 by 10 µg/m3 increases the odds of the eosinophilic non-allergic BA phenotype in adults by 4.76 times. The odds of the allergic phenotype of bronchial asthma increases in the presence of bacterial endotoxin — 1.32 times per 0.01 EU/m3 of endotoxin in the 3.2–18 µm size fraction. A more severe course of the eosinophilic non-allergic BA phenotype was noted at higher average annual concentrations of the PM2.5. The control of allergic asthma depends on the bacterial contamination of the aerosol.</p><p>Limitations of the study are related to the use of geospatial approach to assess personalized average annual and maximum annual concentrations.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The role of fine suspended particles in the atmospheric air in the development of bronchial asthma in adults has been shown. Various mechanisms were established to be involved in the formation of the clinical picture of the eosinophilic non-allergic and allergic phenotypes of bronchial asthma.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards: the Local ethics committee of the Kazan State Medical University approved this study.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Fatkhutdinova L.M. — the concept and design of the study, data analysis and interpretation, writing the article, editing, preparing the article for publication; Skorokhodkina O.V. — selection of patients with bronchial asthma and comparison group, data analysis and interpretation, text editing; Khakimova M.R. — medical examination of patients with bronchial asthma and comparison group, data analysis and interpretation; Rakhimzyanov A.R. — medical examination of patients with bronchial asthma and comparison group, data analysis and interpretation; Yapparova L.I. — atmospheric air sampling using the impactor, gravimetric analysis and characterization of aerosol bacterial contamination, data interpretation; Ablyaeva A.V. — survey of study participants on the presence of factors that increase the risk of bronchial asthma, data analysis and interpretation; Gabidinova G.F. — statistical processing of the results, preparation of graphs, text editing; Noskov A.I. — TEM analysis of the size distribution and composition of sampled aerosol particles, data analysis and interpretation; Timerbulatova G.A. — analysis of the data on monitoring the content of fine suspended particles in the atmospheric air of Kazan, data analysis and interpretation, text editing; Zalyalov R.R. — study design, data analysis and interpretation, text editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. </p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. </p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-05-50094. </p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: October 12, 2022 / Accepted: December 8, 2022 / Published: January 12, 2023 </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>Т2-эндотип</kwd><kwd>аллергический фенотип</kwd><kwd>эозинофильный неаллергический фенотип</kwd><kwd>РМ2</kwd><kwd>5</kwd><kwd>РМ10</kwd><kwd>бактериальный эндотоксин</kwd><kwd>исследование «случай - контроль»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>T2 endotype</kwd><kwd>allergic phenotype</kwd><kwd>eosinophilic non-allergic phenotype</kwd><kwd>PM2.5</kwd><kwd>PM10</kwd><kwd>bacterial endotoxin</kwd><kwd>case-control study</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Papi A., Brightling C., Pedersen S.E., Reddel H.K. Asthma. 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