medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-12-1476-1481medlit-2746Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENEМеждународный опыт нормирования пахучих веществ в атмосферном воздухе (обзор литературы)International experience of regulation of odourous substances in the ambient air (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4319-7192БударинаОльга ВикторовнаBudarinaOlga V.

Доктор мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва.

e-mail: OBudarina@cspmz.ru

MD, PhD, DSci, Leading Researcher of the Department of Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation​.

e-mail: OBudarina@cspmz.ru

obudarina@cspmz.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-8344СабироваЗ. Ф.SabirovaZulfiya F.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-6713ШипулинаЗ. В.ShipulinaZinaida V.noemail@neicon.ruФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияCentre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of RussiaRussian Federation2022130120231011214761481Copyright © Бударина О.В., Сабирова З.Ф., Шипулина З.В., 20232023Бударина О.В., Сабирова З.Ф., Шипулина З.В.Budarina O.V., Sabirova Z.F., Shipulina Z.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2746

В статье представлен обзор зарубежной литературы, посвящённый вопросам обоснования допустимого содержания пахучих веществ в атмосферном воздухе населённых мест. Показано, что процесс гармонизации российского законодательства с международными нормами и правилами, в том числе в сфере регулирования загрязнения атмосферного воздуха специфическими запахами, обусловливает необходимость значительного расширения подходов к нормированию и оценке загрязнения окружающей среды выбросами предприятий — источников запаха. Анализ зарубежного опыта управления запахом в окружающей среде свидетельствует о том, что основными критериями оценки качества воздуха являются: отсутствие «раздражения» населения запахами, предельно допустимые концентрации для индивидуальных веществ, предельно допустимые концентрации для окружающих запахов, допустимая частота запаха, минимальные расстояния от источника, интенсивность запаха, предельно допустимое количество выбросов, соблюдение технологических стандартов. В разных странах устанавливаются рекомендуемые или обязательные лимитирующие величины исходя из того, какой критерий оценки воздействия запаха является определяющим в данном случае. Обычно используют более одного подхода к оценке запаха, как и различные нормативные показатели в зависимости от типа предприятия, особенностей селитебных мест и других рецепторных точек. По мнению многих авторов, применение различных нормативов качества воздуха по запаху и тщательно продуманного подхода к управлению запахом позволяет достаточно успешно или полностью разрешить большинство конфликтов при работе с местным населением. Поиск источников, посвящённых вопросам нормирования веществ, обладающих запахом, выполнен в текстовых базах PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Research Gate, Springer Link и в научной электронной библиотеке eLIBRARY.RU. Проанализированы статьи журналов, индексируемых в РИНЦ, Scopus, RSCI, за 2001–2021 гг.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Бударина О.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование; Сабирова З.Ф. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста; Шипулина З.В. — редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания № АААА-А20-120101690059-2.

Поступила

Поступила: 09.02.2022 / Принята к печати: 08.12.2022 / Опубликована: 12.01.2023

The article provides an overview of the foreign literature data on the justification of permissible content of odourous substances in the ambient air. The process of harmonization of Russian legislation with international norms and rules, including the field of regulating atmospheric air pollution with specific odours, is shown to necessitate significantly expanding approaches to the issues of standardization and assessing environmental pollution by emissions from enterprises — odour sources. Analysis of foreign experience in odour management in the environment shows the main criteria for assessing air quality to include the absence of “annoyance” of the population by odours, maximum permissible concentrations for individual substances, maximum permissible concentrations for ambient odours, permissible odour frequency, minimum distances from the source, odour intensity, the maximum permissible amount of emissions, compliance with technological standards. Accordingly, in different countries recommended or mandatory limiting values were established on the base on which criterion for assessing odour exposure is decisive in this case. Typically, different jurisdictions use more than one approach to odour assessment, as do various regulatory indicators depending on the situation with the type of enterprise, the characteristics of residential sites and other receptor points. According to many authors, the application of various air quality standards for odour and a carefully thought-out approach to odour management can successfully or completely resolve most conflicts when working with the local population. The search for sources devoted to the issues of standardization of odourous substances was carried out in the text databases as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Research Gate, Springer Link and the scientific electronic library eLibrary.ru. The article analyzes the articles of journals indexed in the RSCI, Scopus, for 2001–2021.

Contribution

Contribution: Budarina O.V. — the concept and design of the study, writing a text, editing; Sabirova Z.F. — the collection and processing of the material, writing a text; Shipulina Z.V. — editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. 

Received

Received: February 9, 2022 / Accepted: December 8, 2022 / Published: January 12, 2023 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.