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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-12-1499-1504</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2750</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности формирования местного иммунитета верхних дыхательных путей у рабочих чёрной металлургии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the development of the mucosal immune system of the upper respiratory tract in ferrous metallurgy workers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5872-2001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бушуева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bushueva</surname><given-names>Tatiana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, зав. НПО лабораторно-диагностических технологий ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург.</p><p>e-mail: bushueva@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Head of Scientific and Production Association of Laboratory and Diagnostic Technologies, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: bushueva@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bushueva@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8907-0360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рослая</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Roslaya</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-3006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вараксин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varaksin</surname><given-names>Anatoly N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0125-0063</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпова</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpova</surname><given-names>Elizaveta P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9990-7539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ведерникова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vedernikova</surname><given-names>Maria S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-2607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лабзова</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Labzova</surname><given-names>Alla K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1159-6527</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грибова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gribova</surname><given-names>Yulia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2726-9259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахаутдинова</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakhautdinova</surname><given-names>Renata R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8363-5498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шастин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shastin</surname><given-names>Aleksandr S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-2206</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гагарина</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gagarina</surname><given-names>Marina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промышленных предприятий» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт промышленной экологии Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Industrial Ecology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1499</fpage><lpage>1504</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бушуева Т.В., Рослая Н.А., Вараксин А.Н., Карпова Е.П., Ведерникова М.С., Лабзова А.К., Грибова Ю.В., Сахаутдинова Р.Р., Шастин А.С., Гагарина М.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бушуева Т.В., Рослая Н.А., Вараксин А.Н., Карпова Е.П., Ведерникова М.С., Лабзова А.К., Грибова Ю.В., Сахаутдинова Р.Р., Шастин А.С., Гагарина М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bushueva T.V., Roslaya N.A., Varaksin A.N., Karpova E.P., Vedernikova M.S., Labzova A.K., Gribova Y.V., Sakhautdinova R.R., Shastin A.S., Gagarina M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2750">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2750</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Влияние промышленных аэрозолей на организм проявляется в реакциях адаптивного и врождённого иммунитета слизистой оболочки верхних дыхательных путей.</p><p>Цель работы — проанализировать влияние вредных производственных факторов на состояние местного иммунитета у рабочих предприятий по добыче железо-ванадиевой руды и по производству чугуна и стали.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено клинико-иммунологическое обследование 1547 рабочих двух предприятий горно-металлургической отрасли. Были выделены две опытные группы. Группа 1 — 788 рабочих горно-обогатительного комбината по добыче железо-ванадиевой руды. Группа 2 — 719 рабочих металлургического предприятия по производству чугуна и стали. Все обследованные лица — мужского пола, группы стандартизированы по возрасту и стажу. Рабочие обеих групп контактировали с аэрозолями преимущественно фиброгенного действия (АПФД), алифатическими углеводородами, рабочие второй группы контактировали также с соединениями марганца, хрома, никеля, железа, оксидом ванадия (V). Условия работы для обеих групп характеризовались неблагоприятным микроклиматом (повышенной или пониженной температурой воздуха). Контрольная группа состояла из 40 человек инженерно-технического персонала.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У рабочих группы 1, подвергавшихся воздействию алифатических углеводородов и пониженной температуры воздуха, выявлено значимое повышение секреторного иммуноглобулина А (sIgA). У рабочих группы 2 воздействие кристаллического кремния, алифатических углеводородов и пониженной температуры воздуха вызывало достоверное снижение уровня sIgA, а контакт с оксидом марганца — снижение бактерицидной функции нейтрофилов.</p><p>Ограничения проведённого исследования связаны с выбранным критерием включения в укрупнённые профессиональные группы, которые формировали с учётом воздействия неблагоприятных параметров микроклимата, кремнийсодержащих аэрозолей, алифатических углеводородов, соединений марганца. С учётом многофакторности производственной среды для качественного и количественного представления убедительных доказательств влияния не учтённых в данной работе факторов необходимо проведение дополнительных исследований с увеличением числа обследованных лиц.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У обследованных рабочих влияние производственных факторов вызывает разнонаправленную реакцию местного иммунитета. Сочетанное воздействие химических и физических факторов оказывает большее влияние, чем изолированное. Различия уровня sIgA у рабочих, контактирующих с разными производственными факторами, свидетельствуют о целесообразности углублённого иммунологического обследования в комплексе с оценкой функционального состояния организма в качестве показателей, отражающих профессиональную адаптацию.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено на заседании Локального этического комитета ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора (протокол № 8 от 26.12.2016 г.). </p></sec><sec><title>Согласие пациентов</title><p>Согласие пациентов. Каждый участник исследования (или его законный представитель) дал информированное добровольное письменное согласие на участие в исследовании и публикацию персональной медицинской информации в обезличенной форме в журнале «Гигиена и санитария». </p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Бушуева Т.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка, написание текста; Рослая Н.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста; Вараксин А.Н., Карпова Е.П., Ведерникова М.С., Лабзова А.К., Грибова Ю.В., Сахаутдинова Р.Р., Шастин А.С. — сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка; Гагарина М.С. — написание текста, редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Работа не имела спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 27.10.2022 / Принята к печати: 08.12.2022 / Опубликована: 12.01.2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The exposure to industrial aerosols triggers the response of the adaptive and innate mucosal immunity in the upper airways.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To analyze the impact of work-related risk factors on the development of local mucosal immunity in workers engaged in extraction of vanadium-bearing iron ore, and cast iron and steel production.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We examined one thousand five hundred forty seven male workers of two mining and metallurgical industries. The first cohort included 788 vanadium-bearing iron ore miners and the second cohort comprised 719 cast iron and steel production workers, both standardized by age and years of employment. Occupational risk factors identified in both cohorts included the exposure to fibrous aerosols and aliphatic hydrocarbons, and poor microclimate (high or low air temperature) at workplaces. The workers of the second cohort were also exposed to manganese compounds, vanadium (V) oxide, chromium, nickel, and iron compounds. The control group consisted of 40 engineering and technical personnel.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A significant increase in secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) was detected in the miners exposed to aliphatic hydrocarbons and low air temperature. In the ferrous metallurgy workers, the exposure to low air temperature, crystalline silicon, and aliphatic hydrocarbons caused a significant decrease in the level of sIgA while the exposure to manganese oxides induced a decrease in the bactericidal function of neutrophils.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The main limitations of the research were related to the selected criterion of inclusion in the merged occupational cohorts with account for exposure to adverse microclimate parameters, silicon-containing aerosols, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and manganese compounds. In view of the multiplicity of occupational risk factors in the industry, it is important to conduct additional studies of a larger sample for qualitative and quantitative presentation of convincing evidence of health effects of other factors of the work environment.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. We established a multidirectional response of the mucosal immunity to production factors in the examined workers. A combined exposure to chemical and physical occupational factors has a stronger health effect than a single one. Differences in the level of sIgA in workers exposed to different occupational hazards prove the advisability of an in-depth immunological examination combined with an assessment of the functional status as indicators of occupational adaptation.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study approval was provided by the Local Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers (Minutes No. 8 of December 26, 2016). </p></sec><sec><title>Patient consent</title><p>Patient consent. Each participant of the study (or his/her legal representative) gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal "Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal)".</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Bushueva T.V. — the concept and design of the study, the collection and processing of the material, statistical analysis, writing text;Roslaya N.A. — the concept and design of the study, writing text; Varaksin A.N., Shastin A.S., Karpova E.P., Gribova Yu.V., Sakhautdinova R.R., Vedernikova M.S., Labzova A.K. — the collection and processing of the material, statistical analysis; Gagarina M.S. — editing. All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. </p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. </p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: October 27, 2022 / Accepted: December 8, 2022 / Published: January 12, 2023 </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мукозальный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>местный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>адаптивный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>промышленные аэрозоли</kwd><kwd>чёрная металлургия</kwd><kwd>секреторный иммуноглобулин А</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mucosal immunity</kwd><kwd>adaptive immunity</kwd><kwd>industrial aerosols</kwd><kwd>ferrous metallurgy</kwd><kwd>secretory immunoglobulin A</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щубелко Р.В., Зуйкова И.Н., Шульженко А.Е. Мукозальный иммунитет верхних дыхательных путей. 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