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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-12-1581-1587</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-2762</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние наночастиц свинца на экспрессию генов глутаматного рецептора NMDA и поведенческие реакции у крыс породы Wistar</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Some neurotoxic effects of lead nanoparticles on NMDA glutamate receptor gene expression and behavioral responses in Wistar rats</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8794-7288</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амромина</surname><given-names>Анна Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amromina</surname><given-names>Anna M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург.</p><p>e-mail: amrominaam@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Department of Molecular Biology and Electron Microscopy, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: amrominaam@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amrominaam@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7029-3406</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаихова</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaikhova</surname><given-names>Daria R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4109-9268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Берёза</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bereza</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9384-8550</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тажигулова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tazhigulova</surname><given-names>Anastasiya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1871-8593</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минигалиева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minigalieva</surname><given-names>Ilzira A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8580-403X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьева</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovyeva</surname><given-names>Svetlana N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9871-9712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутакова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Butakova</surname><given-names>Inna V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6475-7753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурвич</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurvich</surname><given-names>Vladimir B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сутункова</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sutunkova</surname><given-names>Marina P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промышленных предприятий» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1581</fpage><lpage>1587</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Амромина А.М., Шаихова Д.Р., Берёза И.А., Тажигулова А.В., Минигалиева И.А., Соловьева С.Н., Бутакова И.В., Гурвич В.Б., Сутункова М.П., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Амромина А.М., Шаихова Д.Р., Берёза И.А., Тажигулова А.В., Минигалиева И.А., Соловьева С.Н., Бутакова И.В., Гурвич В.Б., Сутункова М.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Amromina A.M., Shaikhova D.R., Bereza I.A., Tazhigulova A.V., Minigalieva I.A., Solovyeva S.N., Butakova I.V., Gurvich V.B., Sutunkova M.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2762">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/2762</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Промышленное загрязнение воздуха рабочей зоны и окружающей среды наночастицами оксида свинца (НЧ PbO) представляет реальную угрозу возникновения и развития нейродегенеративных заболеваний у рабочих свинцовых и медеплавильных производств, а также у населения, проживающего вблизи этих предприятий. Различные исследования указывают на участие экспрессии рецептора N-метил-D-аспартата (NMDA) в механизмах токсичности свинца.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В течение двух месяцев аутбредные самки крыс подвергались воздействию наночастиц свинца (НЧ PbO) с концентрацией 0,2 мг/м3 в ингаляционной установке типа «только нос». Поведенческие реакции крыс оценивали в тестах «открытое поле» и «приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт». Количественную экспрессию генов рецептора NMDA (GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B) в гиппокампе крыс оценивали методом ПЦР в режиме реального времени. Статистический анализ данных проводили с помощью U-критерия Манна–Уитни.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Нейротоксический эффект НЧ PbO проявлялся в подавлении экспрессии гена GRIN2A в гиппокампе крыс опытной группы. Экспрессия гена GRIN1 у крыс также показала тенденцию к снижению под влиянием НЧ PbO, а экспрессия гена GRIN2B не изменялась. Результаты теста «открытое поле» не выявили различий между опытной и контрольной группами крыс. Анализ поведенческих реакций в тесте «приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт» выявил достоверное снижение у крыс из опытной группы количества выглядываний из тёмных рукавов лабиринта.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Данная работа была выполнена на самках крыс породы Wistar и не учитывает возможных межполовых различий.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты эксперимента продемонстрировали нейротоксическое действие НЧ PbO, которое выражалось в подавлении уровня экспрессии гена GRIN2A рецептора NMDA и в снижении количества выглядываний в тесте «приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт».</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Заключение локального этического комитета ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора: содержание, питание, уход за животными и выведение их из эксперимента осуществляли в соответствии с требованиями Хельсинкской декларации и «International guiding principles for biomedical research involving animals», разработанными the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences and the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (2012). Исследования были одобрены локальным этическим комитетом ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора (протокол № 4 от 12.07.2022 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Амромина А.М. — сбор материала и обработка данных, статистическая обработка, написание текста, редактирование; Шаихова Д.Р. — сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста, редактирование; Берёза И.А. — сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста, редактирование; Тажигулова А.В. — сбор материала, редактирование; Минигалиева И.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Соловьева С.Н. — сбор материала, редактирование; Бутакова И.В. — обработка данных, редактирование; Гурвич В.Б. — концепция и дизайн исследования; Сутункова М.П. — концепция и дизайн исследования. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 11.10.2022 / Принята к печати: 08.12.2022 / Опубликована: 12.01.2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Industrial pollution of the workplace air and the environment with lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO NPs) poses the risk of neurodegenerative diseases in workers of lead and copper smelters and the population living around these enterprises. Various studies showed the involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor expression in the mechanisms of lead toxicity.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. During two months, outbred female rats were exposed to lead nanoparticles (PbO NPs) at a concentration of 0.2 mg/m3 in a “nose-only” inhalation exposure system. The behavioral responses of the rats were assessed using the open field and the elevated plus maze tests. Quantitative expression of the NMDA receptor genes (GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B) in the rat hippocampus was assessed using a real-time PCR. Statistical data analysis was carried out using the Mann–Whitney U test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The neurotoxic effect of PbO NPs manifested itself in the suppression of GRIN2A gene expression in the hippocampus of experimental rats. The expression of the GRIN1 gene also showed a tendency to decrease in rats under effect of PbO NPs, while the expression of the GRIN2B gene did not change. The results of the open field test did not reveal any differences between the experimental and control groups of rats. The elevated plus maze test revealed a significant decrease in the number of entries into the open arms of the maze in rats from the experimental group.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. This work was performed on female Wistar rats and does not take into account possible inter-gender differences.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results of the experiment demonstrated the neurotoxic effect of PbO NPs including the reduced expression level of the GRIN2A gene of the NMDA receptor and a decrease in the proportion of time spent in the open arms in the elevated plus maze test.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. Conclusion of the local ethics committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers: the maintenance, nutrition, care of animals and their removal from the experiment was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Declaration of Helsinki and “International guiding principles for biomedical research involving animals”, developed by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences and the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (2012). The studies were approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers (protocol No. 4 dated July 12, 2022).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Amromina A.M., Shaikhova D.R., Bereza I.A. — data collection and processing, statistical analysis, draft manuscript preparation and editing; Tazhigulova A.V., Solovyeva S.N. — data collection, manuscript editing; Minigalieva I.A. — research conception and design, manuscript editing; Butakova I.V. — data processing, manuscript editing; Gurvich V.B., Sutunkova M.P. — research conception and design. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. </p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. </p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. </p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: October 10, 2022 / Accepted: December 8, 2022 / Published: January 12, 2023 </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наночастицы</kwd><kwd>свинец</kwd><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd><kwd>рецептор NMDA</kwd><kwd>нейротоксичность</kwd><kwd>тест «приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт»</kwd><kwd>тест «открытое поле»</kwd><kwd>поведение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>lead</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>NMDA receptor</kwd><kwd>neurotoxicity</kwd><kwd>elevated plus maze</kwd><kwd>open field</kwd><kwd>behavior</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dumková J., Smutná T., Vrlíková L., Le Coustumer P., Večeřa Z., Dočekal B., et al. 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