<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-2-205-213</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-277</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS OF HYGIENIC AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методические подходы к оптимизации лабораторного контроля безопасности продукции в рамках риск-ориентированной модели надзора</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methodological approaches to optimization of the laboratory control over product safety within risk-based surveillance framework</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Май</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>May</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никифорова</surname><given-names>Надежда Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikiforova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научный сотрудник отдела системных методов санитарно-гигиенического анализа и мониторинга ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», 614045, Пермь.</p><p>e-mail: kriulina@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kriulina@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>205</fpage><lpage>213</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Май И.В., Никифорова Н.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Май И.В., Никифорова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">May I.V., Nikiforova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/277">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/277</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Данные лабораторных исследований безопасности продукции при осуществлении контрольно-надзорной деятельности обладают максимальной информативностью для задач оценки рисков продукции и здоровья потребителя. Вместе с тем ресурсы на проведение лабораторных исследований ограничены, поэтому исследования не всегда могут охватывать полный перечень показателей, характеризующих безопасность объекта надзора. Вследствие этого существует необходимость оптимизации лабораторного контроля безопасности продукции, который при приемлемых затратах будет максимально информативно и надёжно обеспечивать задачи контроля по выявлению несоответствий обязательным требованиям безопасности. </p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Были проанализированы результаты плановых и внеплановых проверок Роспотребнадзора за безопасностью продукции за 2015-2017 гг. Выполнена оценка процента и доли нестандартных проб продукции в разрезе отдельных показателей. Оценен потенциальный риск причинения вреда здоровью потребителей при нарушении требований безопасности продукции в соответствии с методическими подходами, утверждёнными Роспотребнадзором. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что при значительных объёмах лабораторных исследований общий процент выявляемых при этом нарушений обязательных требований находится на низком уровне (порядка 5%). Доказано, что по некоторым видам продукции по отдельным показателям частота нарушений существенно превышает средние показатели, достигая 46%. Эффективность лабораторного сопровождения надзорных мероприятий может быть существенно повышена при реализации определённого алгоритма действий. Алгоритм включает углублённый анализ многолетних результатов лабораторных исследований продукции, формирование «профилей нарушений», в дальнейшем - «профилей риска» для отдельных групп товаров и выбор приоритетных показателей, подлежащих обязательному контролю. Результатом анализа является обоснование повышенной частоты инструментальных измерений показателей, по которым вероятность нарушения гигиенических нормативов максимальна и которые являются факторами наибольшего риска для здоровья населения при снижении частоты измерений «низко-рисковых» показателей. Подход в полной мере соответствует международно-признанным принципам риск-ориентированного надзора и обеспечивает концентрацию контрольных мероприятий на продукции, представляющей наибольшие угрозы здоровью потребителей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Data obtained in laboratory research on the safety of products performed within surveillance and control activities are most informative for products risk assessment and assessment of risks for consumers health. But the same time resources provided for laboratory research are limited; therefore, examinations can’t cover all the parameters that characterize the safety of an object under surveillance. Consequently, it is necessary to optimize laboratory control over products safety; after optimization, it will require acceptable costs but still will be most informative and reliable to solve tasks related to control and detection of non-compliance with obligatory safety requirements. </p></sec><sec><title>Data and methods</title><p>Data and methods. We analyzed the results of scheduled and unscheduled inspections on products safety performed by Federal Service on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare Supervision in 2015-2017. We estimated percent and shares of product samples deviating from standards as per separate parameters. The potential risk to consumers’ health was estimated in situations when requirements to products safety failed to meet. The potential risk was estimated in conformity with methodical approaches approved by Federal Service on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare Supervision. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was detected that even when laboratory researches were quite significant in volumes, the overall percent of violations detected during it was at a rather low level (approximately 5%). the The frequency of violations detected for specific products as per specific parameters was found to be substantially higher than the average figure and could reach 46%. </p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. Efficiency of laboratory support for control activities can be increased significantly if a certain algorithm is implemented. The algorithm involves in-depth analysis of laboratory results collected over many years of control on products safety; creation of “violations profiles” and, in future, “risk profiles” for specific product groups; and choice on priority indices that are subject to obligatory control. The analysis results should substantiate more frequent instrumental measuring of indices for which there is the maximum probability of hygienic standards violation and that can cause the highest population health risks; at the same time, “low-risk” indices will be measured less frequently. This approach completely corresponds to internationally accepted principles of risk-oriented surveillance and ensures that control and surveillance activities are concentrated on products most hazardous for consumers’ health.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>продукция</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>лабораторный контроль</kwd><kwd>оптимизация</kwd><kwd>проверки</kwd><kwd>надзор</kwd><kwd>фактор риска</kwd><kwd>здоровье населения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>products</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd><kwd>laboratory control</kwd><kwd>optimization</kwd><kwd>inspections</kwd><kwd>surveillance</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>population health</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чаплинский А.В., Плаксин С.М. Управление рисками при осуществлении государственного контроля в России. Вопросы государственного и муниципального управления. 2016; (2): 7-29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chaplinsky A.V., Plaksin S.M. Risk Management in the State Control in Russia. Voprosy gosudarstvennogo i municipal’nogo upravleniya. 2016; (2): 7–29. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Усманова Д.Р., Казамиров А.И. Риск-ориентированный подход в контрольно-надзорной деятельности органов исполнительной власти. Евразийский юридический журнал. 2016; 6 (97): 69-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Usmanovа D.R., Kazamirov A.I. The risk-oriented approach in control and oversight activities. Evrazijskij yuridicheskij zhurnal. 2016; 6 (97): 69–70. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bender W.J., Ayyub B.M. Risk-based cost control for construction. AACE International Transactions. 2000: 11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bender W.J., Ayyub B.M. Risk-based cost control for construction. AACE International Transactions. 2000: 11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Money C.D. European experiences in the development of approaches for the successful control of workplace health risks. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 2003; 47(7): 533-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Money C.D. European experiences in the development of approaches for the successful control of workplace health risks. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 2003; 47(7): 533–40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zalk David m., Kamerzell R., Paik S., Kapp J., Harrington D., Swuste P. Risk Level Based Management System: A Control Banding Model for Occupational Health and Safety Risk Management in a Highly Regulated Environment. Industrial Health. 2010; 48: 18-28 https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.48.18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zalk David m., Kamerzell R., Paik S., Kapp J., Harrington D., Swuste P. Risk Level Based Management System: A Control Banding Model for Occupational Health and Safety Risk Management in a Highly Regulated Environment. Industrial Health. 2010; 48: 18–28 https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.48.18</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leeves G.D., Herbert R.D. Economic and environmental impacts of pollution control in a system of environment and economic interdependence. Chaos, Solitons &amp; Fractals. 2002; 13 (4): 693-700.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leeves G.D., Herbert R.D. Economic and environmental impacts of pollution control in a system of environment and economic interdependence. Chaos, Solitons &amp; Fractals. 2002; 13 (4): 693–700.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riediker M., Ostiguy C., Triolet J., et al. Development of a Control Banding Tool for Nanomaterials. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2012; 2012:1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riediker M., Ostiguy C., Triolet J., et al. Development of a Control Banding Tool for Nanomaterials. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2012; 2012:1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попова А.Ю., Зайцева Н.В., Май И.В., Кирьянов Д.А., Сбоев А.С. Научно-методические подходы к классификации хозяйствующих субъектов по риску причинения вреда здоровью граждан для задач планирования контрольно-надзорных мероприятий. Анализ риска здоровью. 2014; (4): 4-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popova A.Yu., Zaitseva N.V., May I.V., Kiryanov D.A., Sboev A.S. Research and methodology approaches to the classification of economic units by public health harm risk for scheduling control and supervisory events. Health Risk Analysis. 2014; 4: 4–13 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горяев Д.В., Черненко В.В., Тихонова И.В., Федореев Р.В. О внедрении риск-ориентированного подхода в контрольно-надзорную деятельность управления Роспотребнадзора по Красноярскому краю. Анализ риска здоровью. 2016; 1: 96-102. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2016.1.11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goryaev D.V., Chernenko V.V., Tikhonov I.V., Fedoreev R.V. On the implementation of risk-oriented approach to the control and supervisory activities of Rospotrebnadzor in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Health Risk Analysis. 2016; 1: 96–102. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2016.1.11.eng (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полякова М.Ф. К вопросу о концепции развития лабораторной службы ФГУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Липецкой области». Здоровье населения и среда обитания. 2009; 1 (190): 5-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polyakova M.F. On the issue of the concept of the development of the laboratory service of the FGUZ “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Lipetsk Region”. Zdorov’e naseleniya i sreda obitaniya. 2009; 1(190): 5–8 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малышев В.В. Роль производственного лабораторного контроля за качеством воды как составная часть санитарного надзора. Санитарный врач. 2012; (8): 48-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mal’yshev V.V. The role of industrial laboratory monitoring of water quality as an integral part of sanitary surveillance. Sanitarnyj vrach 2012; (8): 48–51. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тутельян В.А., Никитюк Д.Б., Хотимченко С.А. Нормативная база оценки качества и безопасности пищи. Russian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2017; (2): 74-120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tutelyan V.A., Nikityuk D.B., Khotimchenko S.A. Normative base for food quality and safety assessment. Russian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2017; (2): 74–120. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клещина Ю.В., Елисеев Ю.Ю. Мониторинг за контаминацией продовольственного сырья и пищевых продуктов токсичными элементами. Гигиена и санитария. 2013; (1): 81-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kleshchina Yu. V., Eliseev Yu. Yu. Monitoring for contamination of food commodities and food products with toxic elements. Gigiena i sanitariya. 2013; (1): 81–2. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров Д.А., Комаров А.А., Селимов Р.Н. Обеспечение химической безопасности пищевой продукции в Российской Федерации. Контроль качества продукции. 2017; (5): 21-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarov D.A., Komarov A.A., Selimov R.N. Maintenance of chemical safety of food products in the Russian Federation. Kontrol’ kachestva produkcii. 2017; (5): 21–6. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белова Л.В., Карцев В.В., Пилькова Т.Ю., Новикова Ю.А. К оценке риска здоровью населения от воздействия факторов микробной природы при производстве и употреблении некоторых видов нестерилизуемой рыбной продукции. Профилактическая и клиническая медицина. 2014; 3 (52): 38-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belova L.V., Kartsev V.V., Pilkova T.Yu., Novikova Yu.A. Population health risk evaluation to the influence of factors of microbial nature in production and consumption of some types of unsterilized fish product. Profilakticheskaya i klinicheskaya medicina. 2014; 3(52): 38–43. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сабирова К.М., Кислицина Л.В., Кику П.Ф. Оценка риска для здоровья населения Приморского края от воздействия мышьяка в продуктах питания. Здоровье. Медицинская экология. Наука. 2017; Т. 70. (3): 139-42</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sabirova K.M., Kislitsina L.B., Kiku P.F. Risk assessment for health of population of Primorsky Krai from exposure to arsenic in foods. Zdorov’e. Medicinskaya ehkologiya. Nauka. 2017; 70 (3): 139–42 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Багрянцева О.В., Шатров Г.Н., Хотимченко С.А. , Бессонов В.В., Арнаутов О.В. Алюминий: оценка риска для здоровья потребителей при поступлении c пищевыми продуктами. Анализ риска здоровью. 2016; 1: 59-68. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2016.1.07</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bagryantseva О.V., Shatrov G.N., Khotimchenko S.A., Bessonov V.V., Arnautov O.V. Aluminium: food-related health risk assessment of the consumers. Health Risk Analysis. 2016; (1): 59–68. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2016.1.07.eng (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaitseva N., May I., Kriulina N. Simulation and instrumental examination of indoor air for formaldehyde, styrene and ethylbenzene, migrating from building and home decoration materials in the presence of combined use. Proceedings: Indoor Air 2014 - 13th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate. 2014: 219-24</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaitseva N., May I., Kriulina N. Simulation and instrumental examination of indoor air for formaldehyde, styrene and ethylbenzene, migrating from building and home decoration materials in the presence of combined use. Proceedings: Indoor Air 2014 - 13th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate. 2014: 219–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Василовский А.М., Куркатов С.В., Климацкая Л.Г. Оптимизация государственного санитарно-эпидемиологического надзора за продовольственным сырьем и пищевыми продуктами, производимыми в Красноярском крае. Здравоохранение Российской Федерации. 2011; (3): 41-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilovsky A.M., Kurkatov S.V., Klimatskaya L.G. Optimization of state sanitary epidemiological surveillance over food raw materials and foodstuffs manufactured in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Zdravoohranenie Rossijskoj Federacii. 2011; 3: 41–3. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грошев Е.Н., Рудаков О.Б., Подолина Е.А., Фан В.Т. Применение хроматографических методов в контроле качества и безопасности строительных материалов (обзор). Сорбционные и хроматографические процессы. 2011; 11 (3): 335-49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Groshev E.N., Rudakov O.B., Podolina E.A., Phan Vinh Thinh. Application of chromatographyс methods for quality control and safety of building materials (review). Sorbcionnye i hromatograficheskie processy 2011; 11 (3): 335–49. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шаевич А.Б. Контроль (надзор) в сфере технического регулирования: взгляд на ситуацию. Методы оценки соответствия. 2008 (1): 13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaevich A.B. Control (supervision) in the field of technical regulation: a look at the situation. Metody otsenki sootvetstviya. 2008; (1): 13. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirkwood M. AMRC: Protecting resources, promoting value: a doctor’s guide to cutting waste in clinical care. 2014: 62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirkwood M. AMRC: Protecting resources, promoting value: a doctor’s guide to cutting waste in clinical care. 2014: 62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zanabria R., Racicot M., Cormier M., Arsenault J., Ferrouillet C., Letellier A., Tiwari A., Maskay A., Griffiths M., Holley R., Gill T., Charlebois S., Quessy, S. Selection of risk factors to be included in the Canadian Food Inspection Agency risk assessment inspection model for food establishments. Food Microbiol. 2018; 75: 72-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2017.09.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zanabria R., Racicot M., Cormier M., Arsenault J., Ferrouillet C., Letellier A., Tiwari A., Maskay A., Griffiths M., Holley R., Gill T., Charlebois S., Quessy, S. Selection of risk factors to be included in the Canadian Food Inspection Agency risk assessment inspection model for food establishments. Food Microbiol. 2018; 75: 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2017.09.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dearfield K.L., Hoelzer K., Kause J.R. Review of various approaches for assessing public health risks in regulatory decision making: Choosing the right approach for the problem. Journal of Food Protection, 2014; 77 (8): 1428-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dearfield K.L., Hoelzer K., Kause J.R. Review of various approaches for assessing public health risks in regulatory decision making: Choosing the right approach for the problem. Journal of Food Protection, 2014; 77 (8): 1428–40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Son S.L., Guiahi M., Heyborne K.D. Historical and clinical factors associated with positive urine toxicology screening on labor and delivery. European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2018; 228: 261-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Son S.L., Guiahi M., Heyborne K.D. Historical and clinical factors associated with positive urine toxicology screening on labor and delivery. European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 2018; 228: 261–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pielaat A., Chardon J.E., Wijnands L.M., Evers E.G. A risk based sampling design including exposure assessment linked to disease burden, uncertainty and costs. Food Control. 2018; (84): 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.07.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pielaat A., Chardon J.E., Wijnands L.M., Evers E.G. A risk based sampling design including exposure assessment linked to disease burden, uncertainty and costs. Food Control. 2018; (84): 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.07.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asselt E.D., van der Spiegel M., Noordam M.Y., Pikkemaat M.G., van der Fels-Klerx H.J. Risk кanking of chemical hazards in food-A case study on antibiotics in the Netherlands. Food Research International. 2013; 54(2): 1636-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asselt E.D., van der Spiegel M., Noordam M.Y., Pikkemaat M.G., van der Fels-Klerx H.J. Risk кanking of chemical hazards in food-A case study on antibiotics in the Netherlands. Food Research International 2013; 54(2): 1636–42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nepusz T., Petróczi A., Naughton D.P. Interactive network analytical tool for instantaneous bespoke interrogation of food safety notifications. PLoS ONE. 2012; 7 (4). DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0035652</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nepusz T., Petróczi A., Naughton D.P. Interactive network analytical tool for instantaneous bespoke interrogation of food safety notifications. PLoS ONE. 2012; 7 (4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035652</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naughton D.P., Nepusz T., Petróczi A. Network analysis: A promising tool for food safety. Current Opinion in Food Science. 2015; 6: 44-8. DOI:10.1016/j.cofs.2015.12.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naughton D.P., Nepusz T., Petróczi A. Network analysis: A promising tool for food safety. Current Opinion in Food Science. 2015; 6: 44–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2015.12.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee K.M., Herrman T.J., Jones B. Application of multivariate statistics in a risk-based approach to regulatory compliance. Food Control. 2009; 20(1): 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.01.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee K.M., Herrman T.J., Jones B. Application of multivariate statistics in a risk-based approach to regulatory compliance. Food Control. 2009; 20(1): 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.01.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">FAO/WHO Statistical Aspects of Microbiological Criteria Related to Foods. A Risk Managers Guide. Rome, 2016: 145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">FAO/WHO Statistical Aspects of Microbiological Criteria Related to Foods. A Risk Managers Guide. Rome, 2016: 145.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пруссова В.Н., Кива М.С., Клименко В.В. Ретроспективный анализ качества пищевых продуктов и продовольственного сырья по микробиологическим показателям. Здоровье. Медицинская экология. Наука. 2016; 66. (3): 120-26</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prussova V.N., Kiva M.S., Klimenko V.V. A retrospective analysis of the quality of foodstuffs and food raw materials for microbiological indicators. Zdorov’e. Medicinskaya ehkologiya. Nauka. 2016; 66 (3): 120-6. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pedersen B., Gorzkowska-Sobas A.A., Gerevini M., Prugger R., et al. Protecting our food: Can standard food safety analysis detect adulteration of food products with selected chemical agents? TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2016; 85 (Part B): 42-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pedersen B., Gorzkowska-Sobas A.A., Gerevini M., Prugger R., et al. Protecting our food: Can standard food safety analysis detect adulteration of food products with selected chemical agents? TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2016; 85 (Part B): 42–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bower J.A. Statistical Methods for Food Science: Introductory Procedures for the Food Practitioner, 2nd ed. Wiley Blackwell, 2013:334.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bower J.A. Statistical Methods for Food Science: Introductory Procedures for the Food Practitioner, 2nd ed. Wiley Blackwell, 2013:334.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
