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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-2-219-224</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-279</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применимость теста Эймса и микроядерного теста in vivo для оценки эквивалентности технических продуктов пестицидов оригинальным действующим веществам</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Applicability of the Ames test and micronucleus test in vivo for the evaluation of the equivalence of pesticide technical grade active ingredients compared to original active substances</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9122-9465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Илюшина</surname><given-names>Наталия Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyushina</surname><given-names>Nataliya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, зав. отд. генетической токсикологии Института гигиены, токсикологии пестицидов и химической безопасности ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Московская область, Мытищи.</p><p>e-mail: Ilyushina-na@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD., Head of Genetic Toxicology Department of the Institution of Hygiene, Toxicology of Pesticides and Chemical Safety of the Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science «Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman» of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: Ilyushina-na@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ilyushina-na@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-8771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ревазова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Revazova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>219</fpage><lpage>224</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Илюшина Н.А., Егорова О.В., Ревазова Ю.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Илюшина Н.А., Егорова О.В., Ревазова Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ilyushina N.A., Egorova O.V., Revazova Y.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/279">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/279</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Пестициды-аналоги могут отличаться по своим свойствам от оригинальных продуктов из-за повышенного уровня или изменённого состава примесей. Поэтому для обеспечения безопасного применения таких аналогов необходимо определить их эквивалентность по ряду критериев, включая мутагенность. В статье приведён сравнительный анализ результатов исследования генотоксичности технических продуктов действующих веществ пестицидов в условиях in vitro и in vivo с целью оценки применимости таких методов для определения эквивалентности пестицидов-аналогов запатентованным продуктам. </p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследована генотоксичность 99 технических продуктов пестицидов (59 наименований) методами in vitro (тест Эймса) и in vivo (микроядерный тест). </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В тесте Эймса мутагенные зависимые от дозы эффекты выявлены при исследовании технических продуктов мезотриона, диметоата и пендиметалина как в присутствии, так и в отсутствие системы метаболической активации. В тесте in vivo обнаружено повышение частоты образования микроядер в полихроматофильных эритроцитах костного мозга мышей после введения шести технических продуктов: мезотриона, пиримифос-метила, диметоата, глифосата (2 продукта), изопротурона. Кроме того, регистрировали различные уровни генотоксических эффектов при действии технических продуктов одного и того же действующего вещества от разных производителей, что может быть обусловлено различиями в качественном и количественном составе примесей. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Исследование показало, что тесты in vitro и in vivo не всегда дают совпадающие результаты при оценке генотоксичности. Поэтому использование только одного теста оценки обратных мутаций у бактерий может быть недостаточным для определения эквивалентности технических продуктов оригинальным действующим веществам. Для получения надёжных доказательств безопасного применения пестицидов-аналогов необходимо тестирование с использованием как минимум двух методов на разных тест-объектах.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Analogs of pesticides may differ from the original products in their properties because of the elevated level or the modified composition of the impurities. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the equivalence of such analogs using a number of criteria, including mutagenicity, to ensure their safety. The article compares the results of the research of genotoxic effects of technical grade active ingredients of pesticides in vitro and in vivo conditions to assess the applicability of such methods for equivalence determination of analogs of pesticides to patented products. </p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The genotoxicity of 99 technical grade active ingredients of pesticides (59 names) was studied in vitro (Ames test) and in vivo. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the Ames test mutagenic dose-dependent effects were revealed in the study of technical products of mesotrione, dimethoate, and pendimethalin both in the presence and in the absence of a metabolic activation system.In the in vivo test, a statistically significant dose-dependent increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatophilic erythrocytes in mouse bone marrow was detected after administration of six technical products mesotrione, pyrimiphos-methyl, dimethoate, glyphosate (2 products), isoproturon. Furthermore, different levels of genotoxic effects were found with technical materials of the same active ingredient from various productions, probably due to differences in the qualitative and quantitative composition of impurities. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The present study indicated that in vitro and in vivo tests do not always demonstrate the same results of the genotoxicity assessment. Therefore, the use of only one bacterial reverse mutation test may not be sufficient to determine the equivalence of technical grade active ingredients of pesticides to the original active substances. To obtain а reliable evidence for the safe use of analogs of pesticides, it is necessary to usе at least two methods on different test objects.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пестициды</kwd><kwd>генотоксичность</kwd><kwd>эквивалентность</kwd><kwd>методы</kwd><kwd>обратные генные мутации</kwd><kwd>микроядерный тест</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pesticides</kwd><kwd>genotoxicity</kwd><kwd>equivalency</kwd><kwd>methods</kwd><kwd>reverse gene mutations</kwd><kwd>micronucleus test</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Папцов А.Г., Попова А.Г. Мировой рынок средств химической защиты растений и тенденции его развития. 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