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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-4-380-387</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-304</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Микробиота пыли жилых помещений разного назначения: перспектива оценки аллергенной и пирогенной нагрузок помещений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>House dust microbiota: the prospect of the assessment of allergenic and pyrogenic loads</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахапкина</surname><given-names>Ирина Гавриловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhapkina</surname><given-names>Irina G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова», 105064, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: isun17@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., leading researcher, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 105064, Moscow, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: isun17@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">isun17@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глушакова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glushakova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антропова</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antropova</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качалкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachalkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Биланенко</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bilanenko</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Желтикова</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zheltikova</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова»; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»; ФГБУН «Институт биохимии и физиологии микроорганизмов им. Г.К. Скрябина» РАН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Skryabin Ibstitute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>380</fpage><lpage>387</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ахапкина И.Г., Глушакова А.М., Антропова А.Б., Качалкин А.В., Биланенко Е.Н., Желтикова Т.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ахапкина И.Г., Глушакова А.М., Антропова А.Б., Качалкин А.В., Биланенко Е.Н., Желтикова Т.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akhapkina I.G., Glushakova A.M., Antropova A.B., Kachalkin A.V., Bilanenko E.N., Zheltikova T.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/304">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/304</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Для людей с гиперчувствительностью актуальна проблема аллергенной и пирогенной нагрузки окружающей среды. </p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проанализирована микробиота пыли хостелов и квартир в г. Москве микробиологическими и молекулярно-генетическими методами. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлены в основном аэробные и факультативно-анаэробные бактерии. Численность бактерий в хостелах составляла 4,8 ∙ 104–2,0 ∙ 109 НВЧК/г пыли (Ме = 4,8 ∙ 106 НВЧК/г), в квартирах – 3,0 ∙ 104–1,0 ∙ 109 НВЧК/г пыли (Ме = 3,8 ∙ 106 НВЧК/г). Грамположительная микрофлора выявлена в 100% квартир, 80% хостелов, грамотрицательная – в 47 и 73% соответственно. Выделено 9 видов дрожжей: Filobasidium wieringae, F. magnum, Papiliotrema flavescens, Vishniacozyma victoriae, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Debaryomyces hansenii, Candida parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, Meyerozyma guilliermondii. Доминировала R. mucilaginosa (34,5 и 33,4%). В хостелах отмечена высокая встречаемость дрожжей рода Candida, в квартирах – дрожжей рода Filobasidium. Численность дрожжей в хостелах составляла от 3,5 ∙ 103 до 1,3 ∙ 106 КОЕ/г пыли (Ме = 3,2 ∙ 104 КОЕ/г), в квартирах – от 2,3 ∙ 103 до 2,5 ∙ 106 КОЕ/г пыли (Ме = 3,3 ∙ 104 КОЕ/г). Выявлено 56 видов мицелиальных грибов. В хостелах доминировали Penicillium chrysogenum (100%), Aspergillus niger (100%), Rhizopus stolonifer (100%), A.ochraceus (80%), Mucor plumbeus (67%), P.cyclopium (60%); в квартирах – P.cyclopium (60%), P.chrysogenum (60%). Численность мицелиальных грибов в хостелах составляла от 1,8 ∙ 105 до 7,5 ∙ 106 КОЕ/г пыли (Ме = 5,2 ∙ 105 КОЕ/г), в квартирах – от 3,3 ∙ 103 до 2,3 ∙ 105 КОЕ/г пыли (Ме = 4,0 ∙ 104 КОЕ/г). Комплексы микромицетов были схожи в разных хостелах, но различались в квартирах. </p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Видовое разнообразие и количество микроорганизмов не дает истинных значений концентрации аллергенных и пирогенных соединений.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Необходимо проводить комплексную оценку аллергенных и пирогенных соединений и организмов-продуцентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. For people with hypersensitivity, the problem of allergenic and pyrogenic environmental load is of great importance.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Hostel and apartment dust in Moscow was analyzed for bacteria and fungi by microbiological and molecular methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria prevailed, numbers varying from 4.8×104 to 2.0×109 MPN/g of dust in hostels (Me=4.8×106 MPN/g) and from 3.0×104 to 1.0×109 of dust MPN/g in apartments (Me=3.8×106 MPN/g). Gram-positive bacteria were revealed in 100% of apartments and in 80% of hostels, Gram-negative, in 47% of apartments, and in 73% of hostels. 9 yeast species were isolated: Filobasidium wieringae, F.magnum, Papiliotrema flavescens, Vishniacozyma victoriae, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Debaryomyces hansenii, Candida parapsilosis, C.tropicalis, Meyerozyma guilliermondii. R.mucilaginosa dominated (34.5% and 33.4%). Candida spp. were more frequent in hostels, while Filobasidium spp., in apartments. Yeast cell number varied from 3.5×103 to 1.3×106 CFU/g of dust in hostels (Me=3.2×104 CFU/g), and from 2.3×103 to 2.5×106 CFU/g of dust in apartments (Me=3.3×104 CFU/g). 56 mycelial fungi species were revealed. Penicillium chrysogenum (100%), Aspergillus niger (100%), Rhizopus stolonifer (100%), A.ochraceus (80%), Mucor plumbeus (67%), P cyclopium (60%) were the most frequent in hostels. P.cyclopium (60%), P.chrysogenum (60%) were the most frequent in apartments. Mold concentration varied from 1.8×105 to 7.5×106 CFU/g of dust in hostels (Me=5.2×105 CFU/g) and from 3.3×103 to 2.3×105 CFU/g of dust in apartments (Me=4.0×104 CFU/g). Micromycetes complexes were similar in different hostels but differed in apartments.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. The species diversity and CFU counts of microorganisms do not give the true values of the concentration of allergenic and pyrogenic compounds.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. We propose complex assessment involving identification of both allergenic and pyrogenic compounds and producers.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дрожжи</kwd><kwd>микромицеты</kwd><kwd>грибы</kwd><kwd>бактерии</kwd><kwd>домашняя пыль</kwd><kwd>аллергены</kwd><kwd>бета-глюканы</kwd><kwd>липополисахариды</kwd><kwd>частные и общественные жилые помещения</kwd><kwd>хостелы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>yeast</kwd><kwd>micromycetes</kwd><kwd>fungi</kwd><kwd>bacteria</kwd><kwd>house dust</kwd><kwd>allergens</kwd><kwd>beta-glucans</kwd><kwd>lipopolysaccharides</kwd><kwd>private and public premises</kwd><kwd>hostels</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mantovani M.S., Bellini M.F., Angeli J.P.F., Oliveira R.J., Silva A.F., Ribeiro L.R. β-Glucans in promoting health: Prevention against mutation and cancer. 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