medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-452-456opdkfcmedlit-3114Research ArticleМЕДИЦИНА ТРУДАOCCUPATIONAL HEALTHФакторы риска для здоровья медицинских работников современной стоматологической практики (обзор литературы)Risk factors for health in medical workers of modern dental practice (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8890-0921ТрубецковАлексей ДмитриевичTrubetskovAlexey D.

Доктор мед. наук, профессор, вед. науч. сотр., Саратовский МНЦ гигиены ФБУН «ФНЦ медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», 410022, Саратов.

e-mail: adtrubetskov@gmail.com

MD, PhD, leading researcher, Saratov MNC of Hygiene of the “Federal Scientific Center of Medical and Preventive Technologies of Public Health Risk Management” of Rospotrebnadzor, Saratov, 410022, Russian Federation.

e-mail: adtrubetskov@gmail.com

adtrubetskov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6321-459XМахонькоМаргарита Н.MakhonkoMargarita N.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2589-7403ШкробоваНаталья В.ShkrobovaNataliia V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4737-7695ШелеховаТатьяна В.ShelekhovaTatyana V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-0232-1111ЧусляеваДарья А.ChuslyaevaDarya A.noemail@neicon.ruСаратовский медицинский научный центр гигиены ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человекаРоссияSaratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the Federal Scientific Center “Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies”Russian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет имени В.И. Разумовского» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияSaratov State Medical University named after V.I. RazumovskyRussian Federation2023230620231025452456Copyright © Трубецков А.Д., Махонько М.Н., Шкробова Н.В., Шелехова Т.В., Чусляева Д.А., 20232023Трубецков А.Д., Махонько М.Н., Шкробова Н.В., Шелехова Т.В., Чусляева Д.А.Trubetskov A.D., Makhonko M.N., Shkrobova N.V., Shelekhova T.V., Chuslyaeva D.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3114

Представлен анализ зарубежной и отечественной научной литературы, посвященной основным факторам риска для здоровья, изучены и описаны встречающиеся в настоящее время заболевания медицинских работников стоматологической практики. Отличительной чертой работы практикующих стоматологов является влияние на их организм комплекса неблагоприятных факторов производственной среды профессионального и непрофессионального генеза (биологические, химические, физические и факторы трудового процесса). Работа стоматологов характеризуется интенсивностью трудового процесса, которая выражается в значительном психоэмоциональном напряжении. Врачи-стоматологи подвергаются высокому риску заражения опасными патогенами: вирусами (герпеса, иммунодефицита человека, гепатитов В и С, коронавирусом — возбудителем COVID-19 и др.), бактериями (стафилококком, микобактериями туберкулеза), грибками. Среди стоматологов отмечается высокая распространённость аллергических реакций, травм органа зрения и верхних конечностей. У стоматологического персонала в странах, использующих в практике ртутную амальгаму, описаны изменения нейроповеденческих реакций, потеря памяти, усталость, выявлены изменения показателей крови, мочи. Физиолого-эргономические нагрузки специалистов стоматологической службы и неудобные позы, связанные с работой, приводят к развитию заболеваний опорно-двигательного аппарата и появлению боли, влияют на качество жизни. Несмотря на относительную безвредность уровня шума в современной стоматологии, звуки, издаваемые устройствами при работе, могут влиять на психическое здоровье стоматологов. Работники стоматологического профиля с большим стажем работы предрасположены к высокому риску снижения слуха. У врачей-стоматологов на сегодняшний день продолжают выявлять синдром запястного канала и вибрационную болезнь от воздействия локальной вибрации. Литературные данные подтверждают, что на медицинских работников современной стоматологической практики влияет комплекс неблагоприятных факторов производственной среды малой интенсивности и развиваются болезни, связанные с профессиональной деятельностью.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Трубецков А.Д. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста; Махонько М.Н. — написание текста; Шкробова Н.В. — сбор материала и обработка данных; Шелехова Т.В. — редактирование; Чусляева Д.А. — сбор материала и обработка данных, статистическая обработка. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.

Поступила

Поступила: 09.03.2023 / Принята к печати: 31.05.2023 / Опубликована: 20.06.2023

The analysis of the data of foreign and domestic literature devoted to the main risk factors for health is carried out and presented, the diseases of medical workers of modern dental practice that are more common at present are studied and described. A distinctive feature of the work of practicing dentists is the influence on their body of a complex of unfavourable factors of the production environment of occupational and non-occupational genesis (biological, chemical, physical and factors of the labour process). It is also common for them to be affected by the intensity of the labour process, which is expressed by significant psycho-emotional stress. Dentists are often at high risk of infection and transmission of dangerous pathogens: viruses (herpes, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C, including new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)), bacteria (staphylococcus, tuberculosis), fungi. They have a high prevalence of injuries to the visual organ and upper extremities, allergic reactions. Among dental personnel in countries using amalgam during work, changes in neuropsychiatric reactions, memory loss, and fatigue are described; changes in biochemical parameters of blood, urine analysis are revealed. Physiological and ergonomic loads of dental service specialists and uncomfortable postures associated with work lead to the development of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and the appearance of pain, and affect their quality of life. Despite the harmlessness of the noise level in modern dentistry, the sounds produced by devices at work affect the mental health of dentists. Dental professionals with long work experience are predisposed to the highest risk of hearing loss. Today, dentists continue to show carpal tunnel syndrome and rarely vibration disease from exposure to local vibration. Medical workers of modern dental practice are shown to be affected by a complex of unfavourable factors of the low-intensity production environment and develop diseases associated with their occupational activities.

Contribution

Contribution: Trubetskov A.D. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing a text; Makhonko M.N. — writing a text; Shkrobova N.V. — collection and processing of material; Shelekhova T.V. — editing; Chuslyaeva D.A. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received

Received:March 9, 2023 / Accepted: May 31, 2023 / Published: June20, 2023

стоматологифакторы рискаусловия трудастаж работыболезнираспространённостьобзорdentistsrisk factorsworking conditionswork experiencediseasesprevalenceReferencesРахимзянов А.Р., Макарова К.Ю., Белова Е.Ю. Гигиеническая оценка условий труда и состояния здоровья медицинских работников детской стоматологической поликлиники. Медицина труда и промышленная экология. 2019; 59(9): 731–2. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-731-732 https://www.elibrary.ru/suzvycRakhimzyanov A.R., Makarova K.Yu., Belova E.Yu. Hygienic assessment of working conditions and health of medical workers of children’s dental polyclinic. Meditsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya. 2019; 59(9): 731–2. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-731-732 https://www.elibrary.ru/suzvyc (in Russian)Banaee S., Claiborne D.M., Akpinar-Elci M. Occupational health practices among dental care professionals before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work. 2021; 68(4): 993–1000. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-205319Banaee S., Claiborne D.M., Akpinar-Elci M. Occupational health practices among dental care professionals before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work. 2021; 68(4): 993–1000. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-205319Карелин А.О., Ионов П.Б., Еремин Г.Б. Оценка условий труда врачей-стоматологов, работающих в государственных детских стоматологических поликлиниках. Гигиена и санитария. 2020; 99(6): 586–90. https://doi.org/10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-6-586-590 https://www.elibrary.ru/ljeyulKarelin A.O., Ionov P.B., Eremin G.B. Assessment of operational conditions of dentists working in state children’s dental polyclinics. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2020; 99(6): 586–90. https://doi.org/10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-6-586-590 https://www.elibrary.ru/ljeyul (in Russian)Moodley R., Naidoo S., Wyk J.V. The prevalence of occupational health-related problems in dentistry: A review of the literature. J. Occup. Health. 2018; 60(2): 111–125. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.17-0188-RAMoodley R., Naidoo S., Wyk J.V. The prevalence of occupational health-related problems in dentistry: A review of the literature. J. Occup. Health. 2018; 60(2): 111–125. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.17-0188-RAAl-Khalifa K.S., AlSheikh R., Al-Swuailem A.S., Alkhalifa M.S., Al-Johani M.H., Al-Moumen S.A., et al. Pandemic preparedness of dentists against coronavirus disease: a Saudi Arabian experience. PLoS One. 2020; 15(8): e0237630. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237630Al-Khalifa K.S., AlSheikh R., Al-Swuailem A.S., Alkhalifa M.S., Al-Johani M.H., Al-Moumen S.A., et al. Pandemic preparedness of dentists against coronavirus disease: a Saudi Arabian experience. PLoS One. 2020; 15(8): e0237630. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237630Farronato M., Boccalari E., Del Rosso E., Lanteri V., Mulder R., Maspero C. A scoping review of respirator literature and a survey among dental professionals. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020; 17(16): 5968. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165968Farronato M., Boccalari E., Del Rosso E., Lanteri V., Mulder R., Maspero C. A scoping review of respirator literature and a survey among dental professionals. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020; 17(16): 5968. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165968Matys J., Grzech-Lesniak K. Dental aerosol as a hazard risk for dental workers. Materials (Basel). 2020; 13(22): 5109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225109Matys J., Grzech-Lesniak K. Dental aerosol as a hazard risk for dental workers. Materials (Basel). 2020; 13(22): 5109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225109Malsam R., Nienhaus A. Occupational infections among dental health workers in Germany – 14-year time trends. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021; 18(19): 10128. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910128Malsam R., Nienhaus A. Occupational infections among dental health workers in Germany – 14-year time trends. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021; 18(19): 10128. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910128Consolo U., Bellini P., Bencivenni D., Iani C., Checchi V. Epidemiological aspects and psychological reactions to COVID-19 of dental practitioners in the Northern Italy districts of Modena and Reggio Emilia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020; 17(10): 3459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103459Consolo U., Bellini P., Bencivenni D., Iani C., Checchi V. Epidemiological aspects and psychological reactions to COVID-19 of dental practitioners in the Northern Italy districts of Modena and Reggio Emilia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020; 17(10): 3459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103459Li J., Guo J., Zhao J., Guo Y., Chen C. Influencing factors of mental health status of dentists under COVID-19 epidemic. Front. Psychiatry. 2022; 13: 933514. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.933514Li J., Guo J., Zhao J., Guo Y., Chen C. Influencing factors of mental health status of dentists under COVID-19 epidemic. Front. Psychiatry. 2022; 13: 933514. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.933514Anzar W., Qureshi A., Afaq A., Alkahtany M.F., Almadi K.H., Gassem A.A.B., et al. Analysis of occupational stress, burnout, and job satisfaction among dental practitioners. Work. 2022; 72(1): 323–31. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-210555Anzar W., Qureshi A., Afaq A., Alkahtany M.F., Almadi K.H., Gassem A.A.B., et al. Analysis of occupational stress, burnout, and job satisfaction among dental practitioners. Work. 2022; 72(1): 323–31. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-210555Jeong S.H., Chung J.K., Choi Y.H., Sohn W., Song K.B. Factors related to job satisfaction among South Korean dentists. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 2006; 34(6): 460–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2006.00297.xJeong S.H., Chung J.K., Choi Y.H., Sohn W., Song K.B. Factors related to job satisfaction among South Korean dentists. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 2006; 34(6): 460–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2006.00297.xLe V.N.T., Dang M.H., Kim J.G., Yang Y.M., Lee D.W. Dentist job satisfaction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. Dent. J. 2021; 71(5): 369–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2020.12.018Le V.N.T., Dang M.H., Kim J.G., Yang Y.M., Lee D.W. Dentist job satisfaction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. Dent. J. 2021; 71(5): 369–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2020.12.018Siddiqui M.K., Taqi M., Naqvi S., Raza S.A., Bawany H., Hasan Z. Levels of perceived stress according to professional standings among dental surgeons of Karachi: a descriptive study. BMC Oral Health. 2022; 22(1): 243. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02272-5Siddiqui M.K., Taqi M., Naqvi S., Raza S.A., Bawany H., Hasan Z. Levels of perceived stress according to professional standings among dental surgeons of Karachi: a descriptive study. BMC Oral Health. 2022; 22(1): 243. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02272-5Карелин А.О., Ионов П.Б. Изучение профессионального выгорания врачей-стоматологов, работающих в детских стоматологических поликлиниках. Профилактическая и клиническая медицина. 2019; (4): 10–5. https://www.elibrary.ru/aneremKarelin A.O., Ionov P.B. Study of dentists burnout working in pediatric dentistry. Profilakticheskaya i klinicheskaya meditsina. 2019; (4): 10–5. https://www.elibrary.ru/anerem (in Russian)Казакова Л.Н., Давыдова Н.В., Нарыжная Е.В., Терещук О.С., Олейникова Н.М., Саютина Л.В. Ранние и поздние осложнения психоэмоциональных перегрузок у детских стоматологов. Вестник современной клинической медицины. 2021; 14(2): 26–31. https://doi.org/10.20969/VSKM.2021.14(2).26-31 https://www.elibrary.ru/wxxulmKazakova L.N., Davydova N.V., Naryzhnaya E.V., Tereshchuk O.S., Oleynikova N.M., Sayutina L.V. The influence of extreme influences on the development of oral diseases. Vestnik sovremennoy klinicheskoy meditsiny. 2021; 14(2): 26–31. https://doi.org/10.20969/VSKM.2021.14(2).26-31 https://www.elibrary.ru/wxxulm (in Russian)Lerche N., Holtfreter S., Walther B., Semmler T., Al’Sholui F., Dancer S.J., et al. Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among dental health care workers in Northern Germany (StaphDent study). Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 2021; 311(6): 151524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151524Lerche N., Holtfreter S., Walther B., Semmler T., Al’Sholui F., Dancer S.J., et al. Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among dental health care workers in Northern Germany (StaphDent study). Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 2021; 311(6): 151524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151524Yoo Y.J., Kwak E.J., Jeong K.M., Baek S.H., Baek Y.S. Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection control and nasal MRSA carriage rate among dental health-care professionals. Int. Dent. J. 2018; 68(5): 359–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/idj.12388Yoo Y.J., Kwak E.J., Jeong K.M., Baek S.H., Baek Y.S. Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection control and nasal MRSA carriage rate among dental health-care professionals. Int. Dent. J. 2018; 68(5): 359–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/idj.12388Ahamed A.A., Ganapathy D., Subhashree R., Rakshagan V. Knowledge, attitude, and practice among dentists towards oral herpetic infections. J. Pharm. Res. Int. 2020; 32(16): 159–67. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i1630660Ahamed A.A., Ganapathy D., Subhashree R., Rakshagan V. Knowledge, attitude, and practice among dentists towards oral herpetic infections. J. Pharm. Res. Int. 2020; 32(16): 159–67. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i1630660Gunardi I., Nurina N.S., Marcia, Amtha R. Dentists experience influences knowledge and attitudes toward HIV patients in West Jakarta, Indonesia, and validation of a new questionnaire. Oral Dis. 2020; 26(Suppl. 1): 127–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13393Gunardi I., Nurina N.S., Marcia, Amtha R. Dentists experience influences knowledge and attitudes toward HIV patients in West Jakarta, Indonesia, and validation of a new questionnaire. Oral Dis. 2020; 26(Suppl. 1): 127–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13393Mangkara B., Xaydalasouk K., Chanthavilay P., Kounnavong S., Sayasone S., Muller C.P., et al. Hepatitis B virus in Lao dentists: a cross-sectional serological study. Ann. Hepatol. 2021; 22: 100282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aohep.2020.10.010Mangkara B., Xaydalasouk K., Chanthavilay P., Kounnavong S., Sayasone S., Muller C.P., et al. Hepatitis B virus in Lao dentists: a cross-sectional serological study. Ann. Hepatol. 2021; 22: 100282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aohep.2020.10.010Malsam R., Nienhaus A. Occupational Infections among dental health workers in Germany – 14-year time trends. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021; 18(19): 10128. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910128Malsam R., Nienhaus A. Occupational Infections among dental health workers in Germany – 14-year time trends. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021; 18(19): 10128. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910128Абдылаева Г.М. Социально-эпидемиологические аспекты профилактики туберкулеза среди работников медицинских организаций. Туберкулёз и болезни лёгких. 2018; 96(4): 27–31. https://doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2018-96-4-27-31 https://www.elibrary.ru/xnzujfAbdylaeva G.M. Socio-epidemiological aspects of tuberculosis prevention among employees of medical organizations. Tuberkulez i bolezni legkikh. 2018; 96(4): 27–31. https://doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2018-96-4-27-31 https://www.elibrary.ru/xnzujf (in Russian)Петрухин Н.Н., Логинова Н.Н., Гребеньков С.В., Андреенко О.Н. Распространённость внелегочного туберкулеза среди работников медицинской сферы. Медицина труда и промышленная экология. 2018; (5): 4–7. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2018-5-4-7 https://www.elibrary.ru/osdawrPetrukhin N.N., Loginova N.N., Greben’kov S.V., Andreenko O.N. Prevalence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis among medical workers. Meditsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya. 2018; (5): 4–7. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2018-5-4-7 https://www.elibrary.ru/osdawr (in Russian)Alsabaani N.A., Awadalla N.J., Abu Saq I.H., Abualiat Z.M., Alshahrani M.A., Alqahtani A.M., et al. Occupational ocular incidents in dentists: a multicentre study in southwestern Saudi Arabia. Int. Dent. J. 2017; 67(6): 371–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/idj.12324Alsabaani N.A., Awadalla N.J., Abu Saq I.H., Abualiat Z.M., Alshahrani M.A., Alqahtani A.M., et al. Occupational ocular incidents in dentists: a multicentre study in southwestern Saudi Arabia. Int. Dent. J. 2017; 67(6): 371–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/idj.12324Pavicin I.S., Lovric Z., Ceshko A.Z., Vodanovic M. Occupational injuries among dentists in Croatia. Acta Stomatol. Croat. 2020; 54(1): 51–9. https://doi.org/10.15644/asc54/1/6Pavicin I.S., Lovric Z., Ceshko A.Z., Vodanovic M. Occupational injuries among dentists in Croatia. Acta Stomatol. Croat. 2020; 54(1): 51–9. https://doi.org/10.15644/asc54/1/6Garus-Pakowska A., Gorajski M., Gaszynska E. Occupational safety and hygiene of dentists from urban and rural areas in terms of sharp injuries: wound structure, causes of injuries and barriers to reporting-cross-sectional study, Poland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2018; 15(8): 1655. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081655Garus-Pakowska A., Gorajski M., Gaszynska E. Occupational safety and hygiene of dentists from urban and rural areas in terms of sharp injuries: wound structure, causes of injuries and barriers to reporting-cross-sectional study, Poland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2018; 15(8): 1655. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081655Al-Zoughool M., Al-Shehri Z. Injury and infection in dental clinics: risk factors and prevention. Toxicol. Ind. Health. 2018; 34(9): 609–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233718769553Al-Zoughool M., Al-Shehri Z. Injury and infection in dental clinics: risk factors and prevention. Toxicol. Ind. Health. 2018; 34(9): 609–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233718769553Pereira M.C., Mello F.W., Ribeiro D.M., Porporatti A.L., da Costa S.J., Flores-Mir C., et al. Prevalence of reported percutaneous injuries on dentists: a meta-analysis. J. Dent. 2018; 76: 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2018.06.019Pereira M.C., Mello F.W., Ribeiro D.M., Porporatti A.L., da Costa S.J., Flores-Mir C., et al. Prevalence of reported percutaneous injuries on dentists: a meta-analysis. J. Dent. 2018; 76: 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2018.06.019Stoeva I. Work-related skin symptoms among bulgarian dentists. Contact Dermatitis. 2020; 82(6): 380–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.13523Stoeva I. Work-related skin symptoms among bulgarian dentists. Contact Dermatitis. 2020; 82(6): 380–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.13523Ramsey A., Brodine A.H. Allergy topics for dental practitioners. Gen. Dent. 2019; 67(4): 38–45.Ramsey A., Brodine A.H. Allergy topics for dental practitioners. Gen. Dent. 2019; 67(4): 38–45.Максименко Л.В., Яковенко И.А. Риск развития боли в спине у работающих в стоматологии. Медицина труда и промышленная экология. 2017; 57(9): 118. https://www.elibrary.ru/zfqkmvMaksimenko L.V., Yakovenko I.A. Backache risk in dentistry workers. Meditsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya. 2017; 57(9): 118. https://www.elibrary.ru/zfqkmv (in Russian)Al-Zubaidi E.S., Rabee A.M. The risk of occupational exposure to mercury vapor in some public dental clinics of Baghdad city, Iraq. Inhal. Toxicol. 2017; 29(9): 397–403. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2017.1369601Al-Zubaidi E.S., Rabee A.M. The risk of occupational exposure to mercury vapor in some public dental clinics of Baghdad city, Iraq. Inhal. Toxicol. 2017; 29(9): 397–403. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2017.1369601Shirkhanloo H., Mehrjerdi M.A.F., Hassani H. Identifying occupational and nonoccupational exposure to mercury in dental personnel. Arch. Environ. Occup. Health. 2017; 72(2): 63–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2014.964391Shirkhanloo H., Mehrjerdi M.A.F., Hassani H. Identifying occupational and nonoccupational exposure to mercury in dental personnel. Arch. Environ. Occup. Health. 2017; 72(2): 63–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2014.964391Bjorklund G., Hilt B., Dadar M., Lindh U., Aaseth J. Neurotoxic effects of mercury exposure in dental personnel. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2019; 124(5): 568–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.13199Bjorklund G., Hilt B., Dadar M., Lindh U., Aaseth J. Neurotoxic effects of mercury exposure in dental personnel. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2019; 124(5): 568–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.13199Lietz J., Ulusoy N., Nienhaus A. Prevention of musculoskeletal diseases and pain among dental professionals through ergonomic interventions: a systematic literature review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020; 17(10): 3482. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103482Lietz J., Ulusoy N., Nienhaus A. Prevention of musculoskeletal diseases and pain among dental professionals through ergonomic interventions: a systematic literature review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020; 17(10): 3482. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103482Lietz J., Kozak A., Nienhaus A. Prevalence and occupational risk factors of musculoskeletal diseases and pain among dental professionals in western countries: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018; 13(12): e0208628. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208628Lietz J., Kozak A., Nienhaus A. Prevalence and occupational risk factors of musculoskeletal diseases and pain among dental professionals in western countries: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018; 13(12): e0208628. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208628Shekhawat K.S., Chauhan A., Sakthidevi S., Nimbeni B., Golai S., Stephen L. Work-related musculoskeletal pain and its self-reported impact among practicing dentists in Puducherry, India. Indian J. Dent. Res. 2020; 31(3): 354–7. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_352_18Shekhawat K.S., Chauhan A., Sakthidevi S., Nimbeni B., Golai S., Stephen L. Work-related musculoskeletal pain and its self-reported impact among practicing dentists in Puducherry, India. Indian J. Dent. Res. 2020; 31(3): 354–7. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_352_18Alnaser M.Z., Almaqsied A.M., Alshatti S.A. Risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders of dentists in Kuwait and the impact on health and economic status. Work. 2021; 68(1): 213–21. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-203369Alnaser M.Z., Almaqsied A.M., Alshatti S.A. Risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders of dentists in Kuwait and the impact on health and economic status. Work. 2021; 68(1): 213–21. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-203369Bijelic B., Grozdanovic M., Stojiljkovic E. A methodological framework for research of ergonomic risk factors in dentistry. Facta Univ. Work. Living Environ. Prot. 2021; 18(2): 69–77. https://doi.org/10.22190/FUWLEP2102069BBijelic B., Grozdanovic M., Stojiljkovic E. A methodological framework for research of ergonomic risk factors in dentistry. Facta Univ. Work. Living Environ. Prot. 2021; 18(2): 69–77. https://doi.org/10.22190/FUWLEP2102069BDe Sio S., Traversini V., Rinaldo F., Colasanti V., Buomprisco G., Perri R., et al. Ergonomic risk and preventive measures of musculoskeletal disorders in the dentistry environment: an umbrella review. PeerJ. 2018; (6): e4154. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4154De Sio S., Traversini V., Rinaldo F., Colasanti V., Buomprisco G., Perri R., et al. Ergonomic risk and preventive measures of musculoskeletal disorders in the dentistry environment: an umbrella review. PeerJ. 2018; (6): e4154. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4154Huang C.C., Kuo P.J., Hsu C.C., Lin H.J., Su S.B., Wang J.J., et al. Risk for cervical herniated intervertebral disc in dentists: a nationwide population-based study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 2019; 20(1): 189. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-019-2559-3Huang C.C., Kuo P.J., Hsu C.C., Lin H.J., Su S.B., Wang J.J., et al. Risk for cervical herniated intervertebral disc in dentists: a nationwide population-based study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 2019; 20(1): 189. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-019-2559-3Немаева А.В., Алпатова В.Г. Влияние применения средств оптического увеличения на проявления скелетно-мышечной усталости у врачей-стоматологов. Медицина труда и промышленная экология. 2019; 59(9): 706. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-706-707 https://www.elibrary.ru/yctrtzNemaeva A.V., Alpatova V.G. The effect of the use of optical magnification on the manifestations of musculoskeletal fatigue in dentists. Meditsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya. 2019; 59(9): 706. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-706-707 https://www.elibrary.ru/yctrtz (in Russian)Arora A., Saiya P. Effect of handedness in professional dentists. J. Dent. Allied Sci. 2018; 7(1): 13–7. https://doi.org/10.4103/jdas.jdas_22_17Arora A., Saiya P. Effect of handedness in professional dentists. J. Dent. Allied Sci. 2018; 7(1): 13–7. https://doi.org/10.4103/jdas.jdas_22_17Косарев В.В., Бабанов С.А. Профессиональные заболевания медицинских работников. Самара: Офорт; 2014.Kosarev V.V., Babanov S.A. Occupational Diseases of Medical Workers [Professional’nye zabolevaniya meditsinskikh rabotnikov]. Samara: Ofort; 2014. (in Russian)Ma K.W., Wong H.M., Mak C.M. Dental environmental noise evaluation and health risk model construction to dental professionals. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2017; 14(9): 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091084Ma K.W., Wong H.M., Mak C.M. Dental environmental noise evaluation and health risk model construction to dental professionals. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2017; 14(9): 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091084Dierickx M., Verschraegen S., Wierinck E., Willems G., van Wieringen A. Noise disturbance and potential hearing loss due to exposure of dental equipment in Flemish Dentists. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021; 18(11): 5617. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115617Dierickx M., Verschraegen S., Wierinck E., Willems G., van Wieringen A. Noise disturbance and potential hearing loss due to exposure of dental equipment in Flemish Dentists. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021; 18(11): 5617. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115617Chowdhry R., Sethi V. Hand arm vibration syndrome in dentistry: A review. Curr. Med. Res. Pract. 2017; 7(6): 235–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmrp.2017.11.001Chowdhry R., Sethi V. Hand arm vibration syndrome in dentistry: A review. Curr. Med. Res. Pract. 2017; 7(6): 235–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmrp.2017.11.001Maghsoudipour M., Hosseini F., Coh P., Garib S. Evaluation of occupational and non-occupational risk factors associated with carpal tunnel syndrome in dentists. Work. 2021; 69(1): 181–6. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-213467Maghsoudipour M., Hosseini F., Coh P., Garib S. Evaluation of occupational and non-occupational risk factors associated with carpal tunnel syndrome in dentists. Work. 2021; 69(1): 181–6. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-213467Лупкина З., Круминя Г., Эглите М. Распространение ранних симптомов синдрома запястного канала среди стоматологов. Медицина труда и промышленная экология. 2018; 58(2): 36–40. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2018-2-36-40 https://www.elibrary.ru/ytbqljLupkina Z., Kruminya G., Eglite M. Prevalence of early symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome among dentists. Meditsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya. 2018; 58(2): 36–40. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2018-2-36-40 https://www.elibrary.ru/ytbqlj (in Russian)

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.