<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-495-501</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">xaqnpz</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-3121</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ПИТАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOOD HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Идентификация потенциальной опасности потребления новых видов пищевых продуктов для здоровья населения (систематический обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Identification of potential hazard of consumption of novel products to public health (systematic review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-3105</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шур</surname><given-names>Павел З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shur</surname><given-names>Pavel Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-2650</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суворов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suvorov</surname><given-names>Dmitrii V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. отд. анализа риска для здоровья ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Роспотребнадзора, Россия, 614045, Пермь.</p><p>e-mail: Suvorov@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher of health risk analysis department of Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: Suvorov@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Suvorov@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0259-5509</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеленкин</surname><given-names>Сергей Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelenkin</surname><given-names>Sergey E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7738-6832</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лир</surname><given-names>Дарья Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lir</surname><given-names>Darya N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; ФГБОУ ВО «Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. Вагнера» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies; Perm State Medical University named after academician E.A. Wagner</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>495</fpage><lpage>501</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шур П.З., Суворов Д.В., Зеленкин С.Е., Лир Д.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шур П.З., Суворов Д.В., Зеленкин С.Е., Лир Д.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shur P.Z., Suvorov D.V., Zelenkin S.E., Lir D.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3121">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3121</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Сокращение в мясной промышленности объёмов производства, в том числе связанное с борьбой с глобальным потеплением, неизбежно ведёт науку к поиску альтернативного источника белка. Однако с появлением новых пищевых продуктов возникает и потенциальная опасность для здоровья при их потреблении.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. С целью поиска информации о потенциальной опасности для здоровья человека при потреблении наиболее распространённых новых видов пищевых продуктов выполнен систематический обзор релевантных источников информации с применением рекомендаций для проведения систематических обзоров исследований PRISMA. Проанализировано на соответствие поставленной цели более двух тысяч источников с последующим выделением 64 основных.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В рамках обзора установлены и рассмотрены три группы новых видов пищевых продуктов животного происхождения, наиболее часто встречающиеся в исследованиях по изучению потенциальных опасностей для здоровья человека. Проведён анализ потенциальных опасностей при употреблении новых видов пищевых продуктов. Установлено, что следует уделять внимание возможному изменению биологической ценности белка нового вида пищевого продукта, наличию незаявленных и (или) непреднамеренно присутствующих химических веществ, гиперреактивности иммунной системы человека. Кроме того, при использовании белка насекомых и ГМ-животных в качестве пищевого сырья следует учитывать наличие патогенных микроорганизмов. При этом при оценке пищевых продуктов, произведённых с использованием ГМ-животных, необходимо уделять внимание потенциальной опасности, связанной с возможной передачей изменённых генов условно патогенной микрофлоре кишечника.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследования в области оценки потенциальных опасностей для здоровья населения при потреблении новых видов пищевых продуктов относятся только к «новой пище» животного происхождения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Систематический обзор релевантных источников информации, выполненный с целью определения потенциальных угроз, связанных с потреблением новых видов пищевых продуктов животного происхождения, позволяет обеспечить реализацию идентификации потенциальной опасности как первого этапа оценки риска для здоровья.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Для проведения данного исследования, выполненного на базе анализа общедоступных данных, не требовалось заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Шур П.З. — концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Суворов Д.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование; Зеленкин С.Е. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование; Лир Д.Н. — концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 09.03.2023 / Принята к печати: 31.05.2023 / Опубликована: 20.06.2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Declining volumes of meat production are associated, among other things, with fight against global warming. This unavoidably stimulates the scientific community to look for alternative sources of protein. However, novel foods can pose a potential health threat for consumers.</p><p>The aim was to search for data on a potential threat for human health posed by consuming the most widely spread novel foods.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. To achieve that, we accomplished a systematic review of relevant information sources using PRISMA recommendations on how to perform a systemic review of research articles. Overall, we analyzed more than two thousand sources to identify their relevance to the aim of this study; ultimately 64 sources were selected for analysis. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Within this review, three groups of novel foods of animal origin were identified and considered. They were the most frequently mentioned in studies investigating potential health hazards for humans. We analyzed these potential hazards caused by consuming novel foods; it was established that attention should be paid to probable changes in biological values of protein in a novel food, undeclared or unintended chemicals in it, and hyper-reactivity of the human immune system. Besides, when insect or GM-animal proteins are used as food raw materials, a probability of pathogenic microorganisms in them should not be neglected. A distinctive feature of foods manufactured from GM-animals is estimation of a potential hazard associated with probable transfer of changed genes to the opportunistic gut microflora.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study addressing potential health hazards posed by consumption of new foods considered only ‘new food products’ of animal origin.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The systemic review of relevant information sources was aimed to identify potential health hazards posed by consumption of novel food of animal origin and allowed fulfilling hazard identification as the first stage in health risk assessment.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. This study did not require any approval of a local committee on ethics since it was accomplished by analyzing data available in open access.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Shur P.Z., Lir D.N. — concept and design of the study, editing, approval of the final version of the article; Suvorov D.V., Zelenkin S.E. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing text, editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: March 9, 2023 / Accepted: May 31, 2023 / Published: June 20, 2023</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>новая пища</kwd><kwd>идентификация опасности</kwd><kwd>химические опасности</kwd><kwd>биологическая ценность</kwd><kwd>насекомые</kwd><kwd>ГМО</kwd><kwd>культивированное мясо</kwd><kwd>мясо in vitro</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>new foods</kwd><kwd>hazard identification</kwd><kwd>chemical hazards</kwd><kwd>biological value</kwd><kwd>insects</kwd><kwd>GMO</kwd><kwd>cultivated meat</kwd><kwd>meat in vitro</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савельева А.В. Роль продовольственной проблемы в современной мировой экономике. Экономический журнал ВШЭ. 2013; 17(3): 524–39. https://www.elibrary.ru/rnlyof</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savel’eva A.V. The role of global food problem in the modern world economy. Ekonomicheskiy zhurnal VShE. 2013; 17(3): 524–39. https://elibrary.ru/rnlyof (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The European insect sector today: challenges, opportunities and regulatory landscape. IPIFF vision paper on the future of the insect sector towards 2030. International Platform of Insects for Food and Feed; 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The European insect sector today: challenges, opportunities and regulatory landscape. IPIFF vision paper on the future of the insect sector towards 2030. International Platform of Insects for Food and Feed; 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никуличев Ю.В. Глобальная продовольственная проблема. М.; 2020. https://www.elibrary.ru/gposfg</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikulichev Yu.V. Global Food Problem. Moscow; 2020. https://elibrary.ru/gposfg (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim T.K., Yong H.I., Kim Y.B., Kim H.W., Choi Y.S. Edible insects as a protein source: a review of public perception, processing technology, and research trends. Food Sci. Anim. Resour. 2019; 39(4): 521–40. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2019.e53</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim T.K., Yong H.I., Kim Y.B., Kim H.W., Choi Y.S. Edible insects as a protein source: a review of public perception, processing technology, and research trends. Food Sci. Anim. Resour. 2019; 39(4): 521–40. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2019.e53</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Commission. Novel Food. Available at: https://food.ec.europa.eu/safety/novel-food_en</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Commission. Novel Food. Available at: https://food.ec.europa.eu/safety/novel-food_en</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/5 of 3 January 2023 authorising the placing on the market of Acheta domesticus (house cricket) partially defatted powder as a novel food and amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/2470. Available at: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2023/5/oj</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/5 of 3 January 2023 authorising the placing on the market of Acheta domesticus (house cricket) partially defatted powder as a novel food and amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/2470. Available at: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2023/5/oj</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singapore Food Agency. Safety of Alternative Protein. Available at: https://www.sfa.gov.sg/food-information/risk-at-a-glance/safety-of-alternative-protein</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singapore Food Agency. Safety of Alternative Protein. Available at: https://www.sfa.gov.sg/food-information/risk-at-a-glance/safety-of-alternative-protein</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зайцева Н.В., Онищенко Г.Г., Май И.В., Шур П.З. Развитие методологии анализа риска здоровью в задачах государственного управления санитарно-эпидемиологическим благополучием населения. Анализ риска здоровью. 2022; (3): 4–20. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.01 https://elibrary.ru/imrune</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaytseva N.V., Onishchenko G.G., May I.V., Shur P.Z. Developing the methodology for health risk assessment within public management of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population. Analiz riska zdorov’yu. 2022; (3): 4–20. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.01 https://www.elibrary.ru/imrune (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fraeye I., Kratka M., Vandenburgh H., Thorrez L. Sensorial and nutritional aspects of cultured meat in comparison to traditional meat: much to be inferred. Front. Nutr. 2020; 7: 35. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00035</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fraeye I., Kratka M., Vandenburgh H., Thorrez L. Sensorial and nutritional aspects of cultured meat in comparison to traditional meat: much to be inferred. Front. Nutr. 2020; 7: 35. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00035</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Page M.J., McKenzie J.E., Bossuyt P.M., Boutron I., Hoffmann T.C., Mulrow C.D., et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021; 372: n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Page M.J., McKenzie J.E., Bossuyt P.M., Boutron I., Hoffmann T.C., Mulrow C.D., et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021; 372: n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Post M.J. Cultured beef: medical technology to produce food. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2014; 94(6): 1039–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6474</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Post M.J. Cultured beef: medical technology to produce food. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2014; 94(6): 1039–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6474</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ben-Arye T., Levenberg S. Tissue engineering for clean meat production. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 2019; 3: 46. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00046</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ben-Arye T., Levenberg S. Tissue engineering for clean meat production. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 2019; 3: 46. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00046</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhat Z.F., Bhat H., Pathak V. Chapter 79 – Prospects for in vitro cultured meat – a future harvest. In: Lanza R, Langer R, Vacanti J., eds. Principles of Tissue Engineering. Boston, MA: Academic Press; 2014: 1663–83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhat Z.F., Bhat H., Pathak V. Chapter 79 – Prospects for in vitro cultured meat – a future harvest. In: Lanza R, Langer R, Vacanti J., eds. Principles of Tissue Engineering. Boston, MA: Academic Press; 2014: 1663–83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Munteanu C., Mireşan V., Răducu C., Ihuţ A., Uiuiu P., Pop D., et al. Can cultured meat be an alternative to farm animal production for a sustainable and healthier lifestyle? Front. Nutr. 2021; 8: 749298. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.749298</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Munteanu C., Mireşan V., Răducu C., Ihuţ A., Uiuiu P., Pop D., et al. Can cultured meat be an alternative to farm animal production for a sustainable and healthier lifestyle? Front. Nutr. 2021; 8: 749298. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.749298</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Este M., Alvarado-Morales M., Angelidaki I. Amino acids production focusing on fermentation technologies – A review. Biotechnol. Adv. 2018; 36(1): 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.09.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Este M., Alvarado-Morales M., Angelidaki I. Amino acids production focusing on fermentation technologies – A review. Biotechnol. Adv. 2018; 36(1): 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.09.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quiroga-Campano A.L., Panoskaltsis N., Mantalaris A. Energy-based culture medium design for biomanufacturing optimization: A case study in monoclonal antibody production by GS-NS0 cells. Metab. Eng. 2018; 47: 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2018.02.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quiroga-Campano A.L., Panoskaltsis N., Mantalaris A. Energy-based culture medium design for biomanufacturing optimization: A case study in monoclonal antibody production by GS-NS0 cells. Metab. Eng. 2018; 47: 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2018.02.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hosios A.M., Hecht V.C., Danai L.V., Johnson M.O., Rathmell J.C., Steinhauser M.L., et al. Amino acids rather than glucose account for the majority of cell mass in proliferating mammalian cells. Dev. Cell. 2016; 36(5): 540–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2016.02.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hosios A.M., Hecht V.C., Danai L.V., Johnson M.O., Rathmell J.C., Steinhauser M.L., et al. Amino acids rather than glucose account for the majority of cell mass in proliferating mammalian cells. Dev. Cell. 2016; 36(5): 540–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2016.02.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Restani P., Ballabio C., Tripodi S., Fiocchi A. Meat allergy. Curr. Opin. Allergy. Clin. Immunol. 2009; 9(3): 265–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0b013e32832aef3d</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Restani P., Ballabio C., Tripodi S., Fiocchi A. Meat allergy. Curr. Opin. Allergy. Clin. Immunol. 2009; 9(3): 265–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0b013e32832aef3d</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shapiro P. Clean meat: how growing meat without animals will revolutionize dinner and the world. Science. 2018; 359(6374): 399. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aas8716</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shapiro P. Clean meat: how growing meat without animals will revolutionize dinner and the world. Science. 2018; 359(6374): 399. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aas8716</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gahukar R.T. Edible Insects farming: efficiency and impact on family livelihood, food security, and environment compared with livestock and crops. In: Insects as Sustainable Food Ingredients. Production, Processing and Food Applications. Academic Press; 2016: 85–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802856-8.00004-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gahukar R.T. Edible Insects farming: efficiency and impact on family livelihood, food security, and environment compared with livestock and crops. In: Insects as Sustainable Food Ingredients. Production, Processing and Food Applications. Academic Press; 2016: 85–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802856-8.00004-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EFSA Scientific Committee. Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed. EFSA J. 2015; 13(10): 4257. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4257</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EFSA Scientific Committee. Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed. EFSA J. 2015; 13(10): 4257. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4257</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van der Fels-Klerx H.J., Camenzuli L., van der Lee M.K., Oonincx D.G. Uptake of cadmium, lead and arsenic by Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens from contaminated substrates. PLoS One. 2016; 11(11): e0166186. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166186</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van der Fels-Klerx H.J., Camenzuli L., van der Lee M.K., Oonincx D.G. Uptake of cadmium, lead and arsenic by Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens from contaminated substrates. PLoS One. 2016; 11(11): e0166186. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166186</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mwangi M.N., Oonincx D.G.A.B., Stouten T., Veenenbos M., Melse-Boonstra A., Dicke M., et al. Insects as sources of iron and zinc in human nutrition. Nutr. Res. Rev. 2018; 31(2): 248–55. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422418000094</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mwangi M.N., Oonincx D.G.A.B., Stouten T., Veenenbos M., Melse-Boonstra A., Dicke M., et al. Insects as sources of iron and zinc in human nutrition. Nutr. Res. Rev. 2018; 31(2): 248–55. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422418000094</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maryański M., Kramarz P., Laskowski R., Niklińska M. Decreased energetic reserves, morphological changes and accumulation of metals in carabid beetles (Poecilus cupreus L.) exposed to zinc- or cadmium-contaminated food. Ecotoxicology. 2002; 11(2): 127–39. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1014425113481</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maryański M., Kramarz P., Laskowski R., Niklińska M. Decreased energetic reserves, morphological changes and accumulation of metals in carabid beetles (Poecilus cupreus L.) exposed to zinc- or cadmium-contaminated food. Ecotoxicology. 2002; 11(2): 127–39. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1014425113481</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Devkota B., Schmidt G.H. Accumulation of heavy metals in food plants and grasshoppers from the Taigetos Mountains, Greece. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2000; 78(1): 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8809(99)00110-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Devkota B., Schmidt G.H. Accumulation of heavy metals in food plants and grasshoppers from the Taigetos Mountains, Greece. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2000; 78(1): 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8809(99)00110-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Handley M.A., Hall C., Sanford E., Diaz E., Gonzalez-Mendez E., Drace K., et al. Globalization, binational communities, and imported food risks: results of an outbreak investigation of lead poisoning in Monterey County, California. Am. J. Public Health. 2007; 97(5): 900–6. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2005.074138</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Handley M.A., Hall C., Sanford E., Diaz E., Gonzalez-Mendez E., Drace K., et al. Globalization, binational communities, and imported food risks: results of an outbreak investigation of lead poisoning in Monterey County, California. Am. J. Public Health. 2007; 97(5): 900–6. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2005.074138</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jamil K., Hussain S. Biotransfer of metals to the insect Neochetina eichhornae via aquatic plants. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1992; 22: 459–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00212568</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jamil K., Hussain S. Biotransfer of metals to the insect Neochetina eichhornae via aquatic plants. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1992; 22: 459–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00212568</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lindqvist L., Block M. Excretion of cadmium during moulting and metamorphosis in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera; Tenebrionidae). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. 1995; 111(2): 325–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(95)00057-U</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lindqvist L., Block M. Excretion of cadmium during moulting and metamorphosis in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera; Tenebrionidae). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. 1995; 111(2): 325–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(95)00057-U</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mlček J. Detection of selected heavy metals and micronutrients in edible insect and their dependency on the feed using XRF spectrometry. Potravinarstvo Slovak J. Food Sci. 2017; 11: 725–30. https://doi.org/10.5219/850</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mlček J. Detection of selected heavy metals and micronutrients in edible insect and their dependency on the feed using XRF spectrometry. Potravinarstvo Slovak J. Food Sci. 2017; 11: 725–30. https://doi.org/10.5219/850</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bednarska A.J., Opyd M., Żurawicz E., Laskowski R. Regulation of body metal concentrations: Toxicokinetics of cadmium and zinc in crickets. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2015; 119: 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.056</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bednarska A.J., Opyd M., Żurawicz E., Laskowski R. Regulation of body metal concentrations: Toxicokinetics of cadmium and zinc in crickets. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2015; 119: 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.056</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diener S., Studt Solano N.M., Roa Gutiérrez F., Zurbrügg C., Tockner K. Biological treatment of municipal organic waste using black soldier fly larvae. Waste Biomass Valor. 2011; 2: 357–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-011-9079-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diener S., Studt Solano N.M., Roa Gutiérrez F., Zurbrügg C., Tockner K. Biological treatment of municipal organic waste using black soldier fly larvae. Waste Biomass Valor. 2011; 2: 357–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-011-9079-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Carvalho N.M., Madureira A.R., Pintado M.E. The potential of insects as food sources – a review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2020; 60(21): 3642–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1703170</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Carvalho N.M., Madureira A.R., Pintado M.E. The potential of insects as food sources – a review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2020; 60(21): 3642–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1703170</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Purschke B., Scheibelberger R., Axmann S., Adler A., Jäger H. Impact of substrate contamination with mycotoxins, heavy metals and pesticides on the growth performance and composition of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) for use in the feed and food value chain. Food Addit. Contam. Part A Chem. Anal. Control. Expo. Risk Assess. 2017; 34(8): 1410–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2017.1299946</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Purschke B., Scheibelberger R., Axmann S., Adler A., Jäger H. Impact of substrate contamination with mycotoxins, heavy metals and pesticides on the growth performance and composition of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) for use in the feed and food value chain. Food Addit. Contam. Part A Chem. Anal. Control. Expo. Risk Assess. 2017; 34(8): 1410–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2017.1299946</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pan J., Xu H., Cheng Y., Mintah B.K., Dabbour M., Yang F., et al. Recent insight on edible insect protein: extraction, functional properties, allergenicity, bioactivity, and applications. Foods. 2022; 11(19): 2931. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11192931</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pan J., Xu H., Cheng Y., Mintah B.K., Dabbour M., Yang F., et al. Recent insight on edible insect protein: extraction, functional properties, allergenicity, bioactivity, and applications. Foods. 2022; 11(19): 2931. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11192931</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Montowska M., Kowalczewski P.Ł., Rybicka I., Fornal E. Nutritional value, protein and peptide composition of edible cricket powders. Food Chem. 2019; 289: 130–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.062</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Montowska M., Kowalczewski P.Ł., Rybicka I., Fornal E. Nutritional value, protein and peptide composition of edible cricket powders. Food Chem. 2019; 289: 130–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.062</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Limacher A., Kerler J., Davidek T., Schmalzried F., Blank I. Formation of furan and methylfuran by maillard-type reactions in model systems and food. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008; 56(10): 3639–47. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf800268t</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Limacher A., Kerler J., Davidek T., Schmalzried F., Blank I. Formation of furan and methylfuran by maillard-type reactions in model systems and food. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008; 56(10): 3639–47. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf800268t</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Limacher A., Kerler J., Conde-Petit B., Blank I. Formation of furan and methylfuran from ascorbic acid in model systems and food. Food Addit. Contam. 2007; 24(Suppl. 1): 122–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030701393112</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Limacher A., Kerler J., Conde-Petit B., Blank I. Formation of furan and methylfuran from ascorbic acid in model systems and food. Food Addit. Contam. 2007; 24(Suppl. 1): 122–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030701393112</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">David-Birman T., Raften G., Lesmes U. Effects of thermal treatments on the colloidal properties, antioxidant capacity and in-vitro proteolytic degradation of cricket flour. Food Hydrocoll. 2018; 79: 48–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.11.044</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">David-Birman T., Raften G., Lesmes U. Effects of thermal treatments on the colloidal properties, antioxidant capacity and in-vitro proteolytic degradation of cricket flour. Food Hydrocoll. 2018; 79: 48–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.11.044</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wasala L., Talley J.L., Desilva U., Fletcher J., Wayadande A. Transfer of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to spinach by house flies, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Phytopathology. 2013; 103(4): 373–80. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-09-12-0217-FI</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wasala L., Talley J.L., Desilva U., Fletcher J., Wayadande A. Transfer of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to spinach by house flies, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Phytopathology. 2013; 103(4): 373–80. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-09-12-0217-FI</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graczyk T.K., Knight R., Tamang L. Mechanical transmission of human protozoan parasites by insects. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2005; 18(1): 128–32. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.18.1.128-132.2005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graczyk T.K., Knight R., Tamang L. Mechanical transmission of human protozoan parasites by insects. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2005; 18(1): 128–32. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.18.1.128-132.2005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strother K.O., Steelman C.D., Gbur E.E. Reservoir competence of lesser mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) for Campylobacter jejuni (Campylobacterales: Campylobacteraceae). J. Med. Entomol. 2005; 42(1): 42–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/42.1.42</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strother K.O., Steelman C.D., Gbur E.E. Reservoir competence of lesser mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) for Campylobacter jejuni (Campylobacterales: Campylobacteraceae). J. Med. Entomol. 2005; 42(1): 42–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/42.1.42</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dossey A., Morales-Ramos J.A., Guadalupe R.M. Insects as Sustainable Food Ingredients: Production, Processing and Food Applications. London: Academic Press; 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/c2014-0-03534-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dossey A., Morales-Ramos J.A., Guadalupe R.M. Insects as Sustainable Food Ingredients: Production, Processing and Food Applications. London: Academic Press; 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/c2014-0-03534-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vandeweyer D., Wynants E., Crauwels S., Verreth C., Viaene N., Claes J., et al. Microbial dynamics during industrial rearing, processing, and storage of tropical house crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) for human consumption. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2018; 84(12): e00255-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00255-18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vandeweyer D., Wynants E., Crauwels S., Verreth C., Viaene N., Claes J., et al. Microbial dynamics during industrial rearing, processing, and storage of tropical house crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) for human consumption. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2018; 84(12): e00255-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00255-18</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety). Opinion on the use of insects as food and feed and the review of scientific knowledge on the health risks related to the consumption of insects; 2015. Available at: https://www.anses.fr/en/documents/BIORISK2014sa0153EN.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety). Opinion on the use of insects as food and feed and the review of scientific knowledge on the health risks related to the consumption of insects; 2015. Available at: https://www.anses.fr/en/documents/BIORISK2014sa0153EN.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wynants E., Crauwels S., Verreth C., Gianotten N., Lievens B., Claes J., et al. Microbial dynamics during production of lesser mealworms (Alphitobius diaperinus) for human consumption at industrial scale. Food Microbiol. 2018; 70: 181–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2017.09.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wynants E., Crauwels S., Verreth C., Gianotten N., Lievens B., Claes J., et al. Microbial dynamics during production of lesser mealworms (Alphitobius diaperinus) for human consumption at industrial scale. Food Microbiol. 2018; 70: 181–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2017.09.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osimani A., Milanović V., Cardinali F., Garofalo C., Clementi F., Pasquini M., et al. The bacterial biota of laboratory-reared edible mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L.): From feed to frass. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2018; 272: 49–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.03.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osimani A., Milanović V., Cardinali F., Garofalo C., Clementi F., Pasquini M., et al. The bacterial biota of laboratory-reared edible mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L.): From feed to frass. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2018; 272: 49–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.03.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osimani A., Milanović V., Cardinali F., Garofalo C., Clementi F., Ruschioni S., et al. Distribution of transferable antibiotic resistance genes in laboratory-reared edible mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L.). Front. Microbiol. 2018; 9: 2702. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02702</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osimani A., Milanović V., Cardinali F., Garofalo C., Clementi F., Ruschioni S., et al. Distribution of transferable antibiotic resistance genes in laboratory-reared edible mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L.). Front. Microbiol. 2018; 9: 2702. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02702</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oonincx D.G., Dierenfeld E.S. An investigation into the chemical composition of alternative invertebrate prey. Zoo Biol. 2012; 31(1): 40–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.20382</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oonincx D.G., Dierenfeld E.S. An investigation into the chemical composition of alternative invertebrate prey. Zoo Biol. 2012; 31(1): 40–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.20382</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panzani R.C., Ariano R. Arthropods and invertebrates allergy (with the exclusion of mites): the concept of panallergy. Allergy. 2001; 56(Suppl. 69): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2001.tb04419.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panzani R.C., Ariano R. Arthropods and invertebrates allergy (with the exclusion of mites): the concept of panallergy. Allergy. 2001; 56(Suppl. 69): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2001.tb04419.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тышко Н.В., Садыкова Э.О. Генно-инженерно-модифицированная пищевая продукция: развитие российской системы оценки безопасности. Анализ риска здоровью. 2018; (4): 120–7. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2018.4.14 https://elibrary.ru/yugsbn</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tyshko N.V., Sadykova E.O. Genetically modified food products: development of safety assessment system in Russia. Analiz riska zdorov’yu. 2018; (4): 120–7. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2018.4.14.eng https://elibrary.ru/yrrumw</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tutelyan V.A. Genetically Modified Food Sources. Safety Assessment and Control. Elsevier Inc.; 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-405878-1.00011-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tutelyan V.A. Genetically Modified Food Sources. Safety Assessment and Control. Elsevier Inc.; 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-405878-1.00011-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">FDA. FDA Approves First-of-its-Kind Intentional Genomic Alteration in Line of Domestic Pigs for Both Human Food, Potential Therapeutic Uses. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-its-kind-intentional-genomic-alteration-line-domestic-pigs-both-human-food</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">FDA. FDA Approves First-of-its-Kind Intentional Genomic Alteration in Line of Domestic Pigs for Both Human Food, Potential Therapeutic Uses. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-its-kind-intentional-genomic-alteration-line-domestic-pigs-both-human-food</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">FDA. Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on continued efforts to advance safe biotechnology innovations, and the deactivation of an import alert on genetically engineered salmon. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/statement-fda-commissioner-scott-gottlieb-md-continued-efforts-advance-safe-biotechnology</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">FDA. Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on continued efforts to advance safe biotechnology innovations, and the deactivation of an import alert on genetically engineered salmon. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/statement-fda-commissioner-scott-gottlieb-md-continued-efforts-advance-safe-biotechnology</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Preliminary Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) for AquAdvantage Salmon. U.S. Food and Drug Administration; 2012. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/media/93823/download</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Preliminary Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) for AquAdvantage Salmon. U.S. Food and Drug Administration; 2012. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/media/93823/download</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Draft Amended Environmental Assessment for Production of AquAdvantage Salmon at the Bay Fortune and Rollo Bay Facilities on Prince Edward Island, Canada. U.S. Food and Drug Administration; 2022. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/media/163153/download</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Draft Amended Environmental Assessment for Production of AquAdvantage Salmon at the Bay Fortune and Rollo Bay Facilities on Prince Edward Island, Canada. U.S. Food and Drug Administration; 2022. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/media/163153/download</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trott J.F. Animal health and food safety analyses of six offspring of a genome-edited hornless bull. GEN Biotechnology. 2022; 1(2): 192–206. https://doi.org/10.1089/genbio.2022.0008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trott J.F. Animal health and food safety analyses of six offspring of a genome-edited hornless bull. GEN Biotechnology. 2022; 1(2): 192–206. https://doi.org/10.1089/genbio.2022.0008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boisen S., Hvelplund T., Weisbjerg M.R. Ideal amino acid profiles as a basis for feed protein evaluation. Livest. Prod. Sci. 2000; 64(2): 239–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(99)00146-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boisen S., Hvelplund T., Weisbjerg M.R. Ideal amino acid profiles as a basis for feed protein evaluation. Livest. Prod. Sci. 2000; 64(2): 239–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(99)00146-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han Y., Suzuki H., Parsons C.M., Baker D.H. Amino acid fortification of a low-protein corn and soybean meal diet for chicks. Poult. Sci. 1992; 71(7): 1168–78. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0711168</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han Y., Suzuki H., Parsons C.M., Baker D.H. Amino acid fortification of a low-protein corn and soybean meal diet for chicks. Poult. Sci. 1992; 71(7): 1168–78. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0711168</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waldroup P.W., Mitchell R.J., Payne J.R., Hazen K.R. Performance of chicks fed diets formulated to minimize excess levels of essential amino acids. Poult. Sci. 1976; 55(1): 243–53. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0550243</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waldroup P.W., Mitchell R.J., Payne J.R., Hazen K.R. Performance of chicks fed diets formulated to minimize excess levels of essential amino acids. Poult. Sci. 1976; 55(1): 243–53. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0550243</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herrmann K., Somerville R.L., eds. Amino Acids: Biosynthesis and Genetic Regulation. Volume 3. Reading. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc; 1983.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herrmann K., Somerville R.L., eds. Amino Acids: Biosynthesis and Genetic Regulation. Volume 3. Reading. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc; 1983.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Federation of Biotechnology. Braun R. Antibiotic Resistance Markers in Genetically Modified (GM) Grops. Task Group On Public Perceptions of Biotechnology; 2001. Available at: https://studyres.com/doc/622827/antibiotic-resistance-markers-in-genetically-modified–gm</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Federation of Biotechnology. Braun R. Antibiotic Resistance Markers in Genetically Modified (GM) Grops. Task Group On Public Perceptions of Biotechnology; 2001. Available at: https://studyres.com/doc/622827/antibiotic-resistance-markers-in-genetically-modified–gm</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen I.C., Thiruvengadam V., Lin W.D., Chang H.H., Hsu W.H. Lysine racemase: a novel non-antibiotic selectable marker for plant transformation. Plant. Mol. Biol. 2010; 72(1-2): 153–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-009-9558-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen I.C., Thiruvengadam V., Lin W.D., Chang H.H., Hsu W.H. Lysine racemase: a novel non-antibiotic selectable marker for plant transformation. Plant. Mol. Biol. 2010; 72(1-2): 153–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-009-9558-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dunn S.E., Vicini J.L., Glenn K.C., Fleischer D.M., Greenhawt M.J. The allergenicity of genetically modified foods from genetically engineered crops: A narrative and systematic review. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017; 119(3): 214–22.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2017.07.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dunn S.E., Vicini J.L., Glenn K.C., Fleischer D.M., Greenhawt M.J. The allergenicity of genetically modified foods from genetically engineered crops: A narrative and systematic review. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017; 119(3): 214–22.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2017.07.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A RethinkX Sector Disruption Report. Rethinking Food and Agriculture 2020–2030. Birmingham, UK: RethinkX; 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A RethinkX Sector Disruption Report. Rethinking Food and Agriculture 2020–2030. Birmingham, UK: RethinkX; 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
