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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-556-560</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">mffkxz</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-3193</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экосистемная эпидемиологическая, эпизоотологическая и санитарно-гигиеническая оценка эхинококкоза человека и животных в Северо-Кавказском регионе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ecosystemic epidemiological, epizootological, and sanitary-hygienic assessment of human and animal echinococcosis in the North Caucasus region</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4758-6825</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аркелова</surname><given-names>Маржанат Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arkelova</surname><given-names>Marzhanat R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0715-6588</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гогушев</surname><given-names>Зураб Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gogushev</surname><given-names>Zurab T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2709-6383</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Биттиров</surname><given-names>Исмаил А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bittirov</surname><given-names>Ismail A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, профессор каф. «Ветеринарная медицина», ФГБОУ ВО «Кабардино-Балкарский государственный аграрный университет им. В.М. Кокова».</p><p>e-mail: bam_58a@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Sc., Professor of the Veterinary Medicine Department, V.M. Kokov Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University, Nalchik, 360030, Russian Federation. e-mail: bam_58a@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2095-9987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болатчиев</surname><given-names>Керим Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolatchiev</surname><given-names>Kerim Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2131-5020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Биттиров</surname><given-names>Анатолий Мурашевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bittirov</surname><given-names>Anatoly M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">bam_58a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Прикаспийский зональный научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт» – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Республики Дагестан»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Caspian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кабардино-Балкарский государственный аграрный университет имени В.М. Кокова»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северокавказская государственная академия»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North Caucasian State Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Прикаспийский зональный научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт» – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Республики Дагестан»; ФГБОУ ВО «Кабардино-Балкарский государственный аграрный университет имени В.М. Кокова»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Caspian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute; Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>556</fpage><lpage>560</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аркелова М.Р., Гогушев З.Т., Биттиров И.А., Болатчиев К.Х., Биттиров А.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аркелова М.Р., Гогушев З.Т., Биттиров И.А., Болатчиев К.Х., Биттиров А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Arkelova M.R., Gogushev Z.T., Bittirov I.A., Bolatchiev K.K., Bittirov A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3193">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3193</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Эхинококкоз животных и человека является глобальной проблемой и относится к числу тех зоонозов, которые приобрели статус эпидемиологических и санитарно-гигиенических рисков для здоровья разных социальных групп населения и животных более 80 видов.</p><p>Цель работы — экосистемная эпизоотологическая, эпидемиологическая и санитарно-гигиеническая оценка эхинококкоза животных и человека в Северо-Кавказском регионе.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследования проведены в 2014–2022 гг. Объектами исследований служили отделы кишечника 18 безнадзорных собак, умерщвлённых с соблюдением Международных правил гуманного отношения к животным (2012 г.), а также печень и лёгкие 150 убойных овец. Мониторинг эхинококкоза собак и овец проводили методом полного гельминтологического вскрытия (по К.И. Скрябину, 1928) органов и тканей. Количество яиц тениидного типа в фекалиях собак и в 500 пробах воды бассейна р. Кубани определяли согласно методическим рекомендациям ВНИИП (1986 г.). Данные о заболеваемости населения кистозным эхинококкозом обобщены на основании сравнительного анализа квартальных и годовых отчётов санитарных медицинских служб и материалов государственных докладов органов Роспотребнадзора по семи субъектам Российской Федерации, входящим в Северо-Кавказский федеральный округ (СКФО).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Индекс встречаемости инвазии кистозной формы эхинококка в печени, лёгких и селезёнке овец в плоскостной зоне составлял 18%, в предгорной зоне — 24%, в горной зоне –—28% (в среднем около 25%). Прозрачные цисты эхинококка, извлечённые из печени, лёгких и других органов овец, в 100% образцов содержали протосколексы, что указывает на вероятность возникновения в регионе природных очагов с участием собак и диких хищников, нарушение сроков дегельминтизации приотарных собак, низкий уровень санитарно-просветительной работы среди населения. Регион имеет низкие показатели заболеваемости зоонозами за счёт проведения эффективных противоэпидемических мероприятий. В то же время природные водоёмы Карачаево-Черкесской Республики являются естественными биотопами тениозов, и контаминация проб воды яйцами тениид составляет 11–37%.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследование ограничено анализом статистических сведений об эхинококкозе человека в субъектах СКФО, другие густонаселённые регионы Российской Федерации не изучали.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Показатели заболеваемости эхинококкозом населения Карачаево-Черкесской Республики позволяют отнести её к относительно благополучным регионам. Тем не менее республика входит в зону эпидемиологического риска, поскольку наблюдается увеличение поголовья собак с ленточным эхинококкозом и овец, заражённых фертильными кистами. Загрязнение вод р. Кубани и её притоков яйцами цестод представляет угрозу распространения эхинококкоза среди животных и человека.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует предоставления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов. На проведение санитарно-гигиенических исследований на своей территории даны разрешения администрациями городов и сельских муниципальных образований Карачаево-Черкесской Республики.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Аркелова М.Р. — концепция и дизайн исследования; Биттиров А.М. — концепция и дизайн исследования, подготовка рукописи; Болатчиев К.Х. — сбор данных, обзор литературы; Гогушев З.Т. — анализ и интерпретация результатов; Биттиров И.А. — анализ и интерпретация результатов. Все соавторы ознакомлены с результатами работы и одобрили окончательный вариант рукописи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 28.03.2023 / Принята к печати: 07.06.2023 / Опубликована: 30.07.2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Echinococcosis in animals and humans is a planetary problemю. One of those zoonoses have acquired the status of epidemiological and sanitary-hygienic risks for the health in various social groups of the population and animals of more than 80 species.</p><p>The purpose of the work is an ecosystemic epizootological, epidemiological, and sanitary-hygienic assessment of animal and human echinococcosis in Karachay-Cherkessia.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in 2014–2022. The objects of study were the intestines of eighteen dog corpses slaughtered in compliance with the International Rules for Humane Treatment of Animals (2012), and the liver and lungs of 150 slaughtered sheep. Monitoring of echinococcosis in dogs and sheep was carried out by the method of complete helminthological dissection of organs and tissues according to K.I. Scriabin (1928). The number of taeniid-type eggs in the faeces of dogs and in 500 water samples of the basin of the river Kuban was determined according to the guidelines of Temporary norms and rules (1986). Data on the incidence of cystic echinococcosis in the population are summarized on the base of a comparative analysis of quarterly and annual reports of the sanitary medical services in 7 subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District with the materials of the State reports of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing of Russia.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The index of occurrence of invasion of the cystic form of echinococcus in the liver, lungs, and spleen in sheep in the planar zone was 18%, in the foothill zone — 24%, in the mountain zone — 28% (on average, about 25%). Transparent cysts of echinococcus extracted from the liver, lungs, and other organs of sheep contained protoscolexes in 100% of the samples, which indicates the likelihood of natural foci involving dogs and wild predators in the region, violations of the terms of deworming of priotary dogs, lack of sanitary and preventive work among the population. The region belongs to the group of subjects with low rates of zoonoses due to effective anti-epidemic measures. At the same time, the natural reservoirs of Karachay-Cherkessia are natural biotopes of taeniosis, where the contamination of water samples with taeniid eggs ranges from 11 to 37%.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study is limited only by the analysis of statistical data on human echinococcosis in Karachay-Cherkessia and other subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District; other densely populated regions of the Russian Federation have not been studied and not affected.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. According to the epidemic situation in terms of echinococcosis in the population, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic can be attributed to relatively prosperous regions of Russia, but to the zone of epidemiological risk, since there is an increase in the number of dogs with tape echinococcosis and sheep infected with fertile cysts. Sanitary and hygienic pollution of the river Kuban and its tributaries with eggs of cestodes is a threat to the spread of echinococcosis among animals and humans.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of the opinion of the biomedical ethics committee or other documents, as it is based on our own research and on the analysis of the State reports of Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation and annual reports of medical services of the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District (free access Garant).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Arkelova M.R. — concept and design of the study; Bittirov A.M. — concept and design of the study, preparation of the manuscript; Bolatchiev K.Kh. — data collection, literature review; Gogushev Z.T. — analysis and interpretation of results; Bittirov I.A. — analysis and interpretation of the results. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: March 28, 2023 / Accepted: June 7, 2023 / Published: July 30, 2023</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эхинококкоз</kwd><kwd>Карачаево-Черкесская Республика</kwd><kwd>человек</kwd><kwd>собака</kwd><kwd>овца</kwd><kwd>очаг</kwd><kwd>инвазия</kwd><kwd>Echinococcus granulosus</kwd><kwd>зона</kwd><kwd>индексы встречаемости и обилия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>echinococcosis</kwd><kwd>Karachay-Cherkessia</kwd><kwd>human</kwd><kwd>dog</kwd><kwd>sheep</kwd><kwd>hearth</kwd><kwd>invasion</kwd><kwd>Echinococcus granulosus</kwd><kwd>zone</kwd><kwd>indexes of occurrence and abundance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Атабиева Ж.А., Биттирова А.А., Сарбашева М.М., Шихалиева М.А., Биттиров А.М., Жекамухова М.З. и др. 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