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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-567-572</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">nryxcy</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-3195</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Заболеваемость медицинских работников Республики Ганы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prevalence in Ghanaian health workers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6502-4332</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акуоко</surname><given-names>Эбенезер</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akuoko</surname><given-names>Ebenezer</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-4713</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аленицкая</surname><given-names>Марина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alenitckaia</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор Департамента общественного здоровья и профилактической медицины Школы медицины ФГАОУ ВО «Дальневосточный федеральный университет», 690922, Владивосток.</p><p>e-mail: trial766@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine School of Medicine Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: trial766@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trial766@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Дальневосточный федеральный университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern Federal University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Дальневосточный федеральный университет»; ФГБОУ ВО «Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern Federal University; Pacific State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>567</fpage><lpage>572</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Акуоко Э., Аленицкая М.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Акуоко Э., Аленицкая М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akuoko E., Alenitckaia M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3195">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3195</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Лечебные учреждения Ганы в большинстве случаев расположены в приспособленных зданиях, имеющих неудовлетворительное санитарно-техническое состояние. Правительство и администрация учреждений не уделяют должного внимания здоровью и безопасности медицинских работников, отмечается высокий уровень их заболеваемости, не разработаны и не осуществляются реабилитационные и профилактические мероприятия. Это послужило основанием для проведения нашего исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Сбор информации с помощью специально разработанной анкеты осуществлялся в режиме онлайн. Объектами исследования стали медицинские работники, условия их труда, лечебные учреждения Ганы. Всего в опросе приняли участие 786 работников. Ответы персонала проанализированы с помощью SPSS для проведения исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Ведущими инфекционными болезнями у работников лечебных учреждений Ганы были малярия, гепатит В и туберкулёз, неинфекционными — болезни системы кровообращения. Пик инфекционной заболеваемости медицинских работников зафиксирован в 2020 г. из-за пандемии COVID-19. В этом же году из-за ограниченной скрининговой диагностики был отмечен наименьший уровень заболеваемости неинфекционными болезнями. Среди медицинских работников Ганы распространены такие вредные привычки, как курение (6,9%) и чрезмерное потребление алкогольных напитков (35,8%), что является высоким риском развития неинфекционных болезней (курение — p &lt; 0,001, чрезмерное употребление алкоголя — p &lt; 0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. По результатам наших исследований было установлено, что уровень заболеваемости медицинского персонала в лечебных учреждениях Ганы высок. Это коррелирует с данными, отражающими ситуацию в российском здравоохранении. Однако структура причин временной нетрудоспособности персонала лечебных учреждений двух стран различается. Инфекционная заболеваемость медицинских работников Ганы имеет свои особенности: высокие показатели отмечены для ВИЧ-инфекции, парентеральных вирусных гепатитов, туберкулёза, малярии. Инфекционные болезни стали основной причиной смертности медицинских работников в 2019–2021 гг. в период пандемии COVID-19 как в Гане, так и в других странах. Нами было установлено, что единые руководящие принципы охраны труда в лечебных учреждениях Ганы не разработаны и не применяются, что существенно отличает их от российских.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Отсутствие методов и методик, оборудования, нормативных документов, регламентирующих проведение и оценку условий труда, системы регистрации и расследования случаев профессиональных болезней в Гане стало ограничением научного исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Для спасения жизней пациентов, организации допустимых условий труда медицинского персонала, обеспечения эффективности и устойчивого функционирования системы здравоохранения в Гане рекомендуется разработать и осуществлять всеобъемлющую, однозначную политику в области гигиены и безопасности труда, в том числе для работников медицинских учреждений.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов. Первичные данные предоставлялись согласно формам добровольного информированного согласия, регулирующим соблюдение этических норм.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Акуоко Эбенезер — получение данных для анализа, разработка дизайна исследования, организация и интеграция данных, полученных из различных источников (курирование), концептуализация, написание текста статьи, обзор публикаций по теме статьи; Аленицкая М.В. — программное обеспечение, редактирование материала, написание текста, проверка данных, визуализация. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 31.01.2023 / Принята к печати: 07.06.2023 / Опубликована: 30.07.2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Medical institutions in Ghana are in most cases located in adapted buildings that have an unsatisfactory sanitary and technical condition. The government and the administration of institutions fail to pay due attention to the health and safety of medical worker. There is a high level of their morbidity, rehabilitation, preventive measures nor been developed neither implemented. This formed the basis for our study.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The collection of information using a specially designed questionnaire was carried out in online mode. The objects of the study were medical workers, their working conditions, medical institutions in Ghana. A total of seven hundred eighty six employees took part in the survey. Staff responses were analyzed using SPSS to conduct the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Were the In workers of medical institutions in Ghana, leading infectious diseases were malaria, hepatitis B, and tuberculosis, non-infectious morbidity was associated with diseases of the circulatory system. The peak of infectious diseases among medical workers was recorded in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the same year, due to limited screening diagnostics, the lowest incidence of non-communicable diseases was noted. Habits such as smoking (6.9%) and excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages (35.8%) are common among healthcare workers in Ghana, which are a high risk of developing non-communicable diseases (smoking — p &lt; 0.001, excessive drinking — p &lt; 0.001 ).</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. According to the results of our research, the level of morbidity of medical personnel in medical institutions in Ghana was found to be high. This correlates with data reflecting the situation in Russian healthcare. However, the structure of the causes of temporary disability of the personnel of medical institutions in the two countries differs. The infectious morbidity of medical workers in Ghana has its own characteristics: high rates are noted for HIV infection, parenteral viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, and malaria. Infectious diseases were the leading cause of death for healthcare workers in 2019–2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, both in Ghana and elsewhere. We found that the unified guidelines for labour protection in medical institutions in Ghana have not been developed and are not applied, which significantly distinguishes them from Russian ones.</p></sec><sec><title>Research limitations</title><p>Research limitations. The lack of methods and techniques, equipment, regulations governing the conduct and assessment of working conditions, a system for registering and investigating cases of occupational diseases in Ghana has become a limitation of scientific research.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In order to save the lives of patients, manage acceptable working conditions for medical personnel, ensure the efficiency and sustainability of the healthcare system in Ghana, it is recommended to develop and implement a comprehensive, unambiguous occupational health and safety policy, including for healthcare workers.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require submission of the opinion of the biomedical ethics committee or other documents. Primary data were provided according to the forms of voluntary informed consent governing compliance with ethical standards.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Akuoko Ebenezer — data collection and analysis, study design, conceptualization, writing the text of the manuscript, review of publications on the topic of the article; Alenitskaya M.V. — software, editing material, writing the text of the manuscript, review, visualization. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: January 31, 2023 / Accepted: June 7, 2023 / Published: July 30, 2023</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медицинские работники</kwd><kwd>профессиональные вредности</kwd><kwd>профессиональные болезни</kwd><kwd>инфекционные болезни</kwd><kwd>неинфекционные болезни</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medical workers</kwd><kwd>professional hazards</kwd><kwd>occupational diseases</kwd><kwd>infectious diseases</kwd><kwd>noncommunicable diseases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asumeng M., Asamani L., Afful J.A., Badu C. Occupational safety and health issues in Ghana: strategies for improving employee safety and health at workplace. Int. J. Bus. 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