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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-605-611</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">fxhcqt</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-3202</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS OF HYGIENIC AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Культурально-морфологические и биохимические свойства индикаторных культур Salmonellа typhimurium, используемых в тесте Эймса, и их применимость для оценки качества тест-системы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cultural, morphological and biochemical properties of Salmonella typhimurium indicator bacteria used in the Ames test and their applicability for the assessment of the test system quality</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-8771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>Ольга Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. генетической токсикологии, ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи.</p><p>e-mail: egorovaov@fferisman.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, senior researcher of the department of genetic toxicology, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: egorovaov@fferisman.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egorovaov@fferisman.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3376-0677</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михеев</surname><given-names>Павел В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikheev</surname><given-names>Pavel V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9955-7447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трухина</surname><given-names>Галина М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trukhina</surname><given-names>Galina M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9122-9465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Илюшина</surname><given-names>Наталья А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyushina</surname><given-names>Nataliya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>605</fpage><lpage>611</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Егорова О.В., Михеев П.В., Трухина Г.М., Илюшина Н.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Егорова О.В., Михеев П.В., Трухина Г.М., Илюшина Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Egorova O.V., Mikheev P.V., Trukhina G.M., Ilyushina N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3202">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3202</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Тест Эймса нашёл широкое применение для изучения мутагенности химических веществ. Ввиду внедрения системы менеджмента качества в деятельность испытательных центров для совершенствования оценки качества штаммов в тест-системе Salmonella/микросомы изучены культурально-морфологические и биохимические свойства индикаторных культур и дана оценка их применимости как дополнительных характеристик качества тест-штаммов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Изучение культурально-морфологических характеристик штаммов S. typhimurium проводили с использованием ряда коммерческих сред. Биохимические свойства культур S. typhimurium определяли с помощью анализатора Vitek-2.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Исследования показали, что процедура подтверждения эталонных свойств индикаторных культур наряду с оценкой спонтанного уровня мутирования и генетических характеристик (-his фенотип, наличие либо отсутствие R-фактора, rfa- и ∆uvrB-мутации) может быть расширена за счёт периодической оценки биохимических свойств. Индикаторные культуры имеют большинство биохимических признаков бактерий сероварианта Sallmonella typhimurium. Атипичными признаками по отношению к штамму дикого типа являются отрицательная реакция в тесте на выделение сероводорода, позитивная тирозинариламидазная активность, способность утилизировать 5-кето-D-глюконат, неустойчивая альфа-галактозидазная активность. Дифференциально-диагностические среды, используемые для поддержания культур сальмонелл дикого типа, не являются универсальными для роста штаммов тест-системы Salmonella/микросомы. При выборе сред для оценки цитотоксичности, выживаемости или стерильности необходимо руководствоваться ростовыми характеристиками бактерий тест-системы Salmonella/микросомы: способность к росту на селективных средах уменьшается в ряду: агар Эндо-ГРМ &gt; SS-агар &gt; висмут-сульфит агар &gt; агар Плоскирева-ГРМ.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследование ограничено изучением культурально-морфологических и биохимических характеристик культур S. typhimurium, но не Escherichia coli.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Описанные культурально-морфологические признаки тест-штаммов на разных средах могут быть использованы при оценке цитотоксичности, выживаемости при выполнении исследований согласно руководству ОЭСР № 471. Применение дополнительных биохимических маркёров аутентичности и морфологических свойств индикаторных штаммов будет способствовать обеспечению качества исследований с помощью теста Эймса при консервации, воспроизводстве и использовании в рутинных исследованиях культур.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов (на русском и английском языках).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Егорова О.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста; Михеев П.В. — сбор и обработка материала; Трухина Г.М. — обработка материала; редактирование текста; Илюшина Н.А. — анализ материалов, написание текста. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 23.03.2023 / Принята к печати: 07.06.2023 / Опубликована: 30.07.2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The Ames test has been widely used to study the mutagenicity of chemicals. In view of the implementation of a quality management system in the test facilities, the cultural, morphological and biochemical properties of strains used in the Salmonella/microsome test system were studied. An assessment of their applicability as additional characteristics of quality of the tester strain was made.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study of cultural and morphological characteristics of S. typhimurium strains was carried out using the commercial media. The biochemical properties of S. typhimurium cultures were evaluated using a Vitek-2 system.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Studies have shown that the procedure of marker verification for confirming the reference properties of tester strains, in addition to evaluation of the spontaneous mutation level and phenotypic characteristics (-his phenotype, the presence or absence of the R-factor plasmids, rfa- and ∆uvrB mutations), can be extended by periodically assessing their biochemical properties. Most of the biochemical characteristics of bacteria of the Salmonella typhimurium serovar are inherent for tester strains. Compared to the wild-type bacteria аtypical features of tester strains are a negative reaction in the hydrogen sulfide production test, positive activity of tyrosine arylamidase, the ability to utilize 5-keto-D-gluconate, unstable activity of alpha-galactosidase. Differential selective media used to maintain wild-type Salmonella cultures are not universal for the growth of strains of the Salmonella/microsome test system. When choosing media for cytotoxicity, survival, or sterility assessment, it is necessary to take into consideration the growth characteristics of the Salmonella tester strains on different media: the ability to grow on selective media decreases in the series of Endo-agar &gt; Salmonella Shigella -agar &gt; Bismuth-sulfite agar &gt; Ploskirev’s agar.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The research is limited to the study of cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics of S. typhimurium, but not Escherichia coli.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The described cultural and morphological properties of tested strains on different media can be used to assess cytotoxicity/survival of treated cultures performing studies according to OECD 471. The use of additional biochemical markers of authenticity and morphological properties of tester strains will help to ensure the quality of studies using the Ames test in the processes of conservation, reproduction, and routine testing.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not need the approval of the biomedical ethics committee or other documents.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Egorova O.V. — the concept and design of the study, the collection and processing of material, writing the text; Mikheev P.V. — collection and processing of material; Ilyushina N.A. — analysis of materials, writing the text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: March 23, 2023 / Accepted: June 7, 2023 / Published: July 30, 2023</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мутагенность</kwd><kwd>тест Эймса</kwd><kwd>Salmonellа typhimurium</kwd><kwd>биохимические маркёры</kwd><kwd>культурально-морфологические свойства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mutagenicity</kwd><kwd>the Ames test</kwd><kwd>Salmonella typhimurium</kwd><kwd>biochemical markers</kwd><kwd>cultural and morphological characteristic</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чугунова Е.О., Татарникова Н.А., Прохорова Т.С. Разработка ускоренного способа и конструирование питательной среды для выделения сальмонелл из пищевых продуктов. Пермь: Прокростъ; 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chugunova E.O., Tatarnikova N.A., Prokhorova T.S. 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