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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-5-563-569</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-333</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISCUSSIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Риск-ориентированный подход к оценке качества воды источников питьевого водоснабжения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk-oriented approach to the quality assessment of water sources of drinking water supply</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6261-6060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Розенталь</surname><given-names>Олег Моисеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rosenthal</surname><given-names>Oleg M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор тех. наук, главный научный сотрудник ФГБУН «институт водных проблем» РАН, 119991, г. Москва.</p><p>e-mail: orosental@rambler.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., chief researcher of the Institute of water problems RAS, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: orosental@rambler.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">orosental@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александровская</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrovskaya</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт водных проблем» РАН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Water Problems of RAS</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский авиационный институт (национальный исследовательский университет)»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Aviation Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>563</fpage><lpage>569</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Розенталь О.М., Александровская Л.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Розенталь О.М., Александровская Л.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rosenthal O.M., Aleksandrovskaya L.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/333">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/333</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Корректный контроль и оценка соответствия состава и свойств воды источников питьевого водоснабжения установленным критериям безопасности являются необходимыми условиями обеспечения качества жизни и здоровья населения в ситуации нарастающего воздействия химических факторов. Поэтому важнейшее значение приобретает повышение достоверности санитарно-гигиенических заключений. </p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Для достижения цели работы в ней использован байесовский подход, методы проверки однородности данных и оценка меры статистической однородности. Показано, что оценивание по методу Байеса, требуя учета ограничивающих факторов, обеспечивает корректное решение задачи о выполнении установленных санитарно-гигиенических требований. Представление байесовских соотношений в виде оценок смеси распределений позволяет учесть степень статистической однородности объединяемых выборок, что существенно расширяет область применения метода.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На примере исследования качества воды Верх-Исетского водохранилища – рекреационной зоны и источника водоснабжения северной части г. Екатеринбурга  показано, что учет степени однородности объединяемых данных позволяет «забывать» более раннюю информацию (в примере – за 2009 год) и тем самым придавать больший вес свежим данным (2010 года). Также показано, что в данном случае объединенные оценки с учетом степени однородности рядов данных оказываются не хуже байесовских оценок. Сделан вывод о том, что чем ниже степень однородности, тем быстрее происходит вышеуказанное «забывание». А риски нарушения гигиенических требований зависят от выбора закона распределения контролируемых показателей.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Установлена возможность повышения достоверности санитарно-гигиенических заключений путем корректного объединения свежей измерительной информации с устаревающими данными с учетом их постепенного «забывания». Разработанные методы использованного для этого риск-ориентированного подхода могут найти широкое применение для оценки гигиенической безопасности населения в условиях воздействия широкого круга химических факторов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Correct control and assessment of compliance of the composition and properties of drinking water sources with the established safety criteria are necessary conditions for ensuring the quality of life and health of the population in a situation of increasing exposure to chemical factors. Therefore, the most important is to increase the reliability of sanitary and hygienic conclusions. </p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. To achieve the goal of the work, there was used the Bayesian approach, methods for checking data homogeneity and evaluation of the measure of the statistical homogeneity. It is shown that the evaluation by Bayes method, requiring consideration of limiting factors, provides a correct solution to the problem of the implementation of the established sanitary and hygienic requirements. Representation of Bayesian relations in the form of estimates of the mixture of distributions allows taking into account the degree of statistical homogeneity of the combined samples, which significantly expands the scope of the method. Although the samples selected for consideration in the simple case can be considered homogeneous in the examples of the assessment of hygienic safety of water, it turned out that the transition from the binomial distribution law to a more strict normal one reduces the risk of accidental error of the desired conclusion. This provides the researcher with the opportunity to use, depending on the requirements for the accuracy of the assessment, different algorithms of a risk-based approach to the assessment of hygienic safety. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. On the example of the study of the water quality in the Verkhny Isetsky Vodokanal recreational area and source of water in Northern part of Ekaterinburg the inclusion of the homogeneity of merged data was shown to allow “forgetting” the earlier information (e.g., 2009) and thus to give more weight to recent data (2010). It is also shown that in this case, the combined estimates with the degree of homogeneity of the data series are not worse than the Bayesian estimates. It is concluded that the lower the degree of uniformity, the faster the above “forgetting” occurs. And the risks of violation of hygienic requirements depend on the choice of the law of distribution of controlled indicators.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. There was established the possibility of increasing the reliability of sanitary and hygienic conclusions by correctly combining the latest measurement information with outdated data, taking into account their gradual “forgetting”. The developed methods of the used for this risk-based approach can be widely applied to assess the hygienic safety of the population under the influence of a wide range of chemical factors.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гигиеническая безопасность населения в условиях воздействия химических факторов</kwd><kwd>оценка риска для здоровья</kwd><kwd>выборочный контроль</kwd><kwd>статистическая однородность</kwd><kwd>метод Байеса</kwd><kwd>объединение априорной и вновь полученной информации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hygienic safety of the population in terms of exposure to chemical agents</kwd><kwd>evaluation of health risk</kwd><kwd>sampling</kwd><kwd>statistical homogeneity</kwd><kwd>the Bayesian method</kwd><kwd>combining a priori and newly acquired information</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г.Г., Рахманин Ю.А., Зайцева Н.В. и др. 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