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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-6-585-590</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-336</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEM-SOLVING ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Совершенствование критериев экспертизы профессиональной пригодности как одно из условий сохранения профессионального здоровья медицинских работников</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Improving the criteria for the expertise of professional suitability as one of the conditions for conservation of professional health of medical workers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4008-7393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойко</surname><given-names>Иван Васильевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boiko</surname><given-names>Ivan V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор каф. медицины труда ФГБОУ ВПО «Северо-Западный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова», 191015, Санкт-Петербург.</p><p>e-mail: Ivan-Boiko@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medicine, professor of Occupational Medicine’s department, I.I.Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 191015, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: Ivan-Boiko@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ivan-Boiko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9135-280X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреенко</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreenko</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7124-2504</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребеньков</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebenkov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «СЗНЦ гигиены и общественного здоровья» Роспотребнадзора; ФБГОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-West Public Health Research Center; I.I.Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «СЗНЦ гигиены и общественного здоровья» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-West Public Health Research Center</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБГОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.I.Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>585</fpage><lpage>590</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бойко И.В., Андреенко О.Н., Гребеньков С.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бойко И.В., Андреенко О.Н., Гребеньков С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Boiko I.V., Andreenko O.N., Grebenkov S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/336">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/336</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Среди медицинских работников как в Российской Федерации, так и в зарубежных странах выявляется значительное число лиц с хроническими заболеваниями. Эта проблема отмечается уже среди студентов медицинских учебных заведений. В такой ситуации необходима эффективная система экспертизы профессиональной пригодности медицинских работников, цель которой – недопущение специалистов с расстройствами здоровья на вредные и опасные работы, создающие реальный риск прогрессирования имеющихся заболеваний. </p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проанализированы нормативные акты Российской Федерации, определяющие порядок экспертизы трудоспособности медицинских работников, оценена их адекватность, исходя из опыта практической работы врача-профпатолога. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Существующая система медицинских осмотров абитуриентов медицинских учебных заведений не позволяет оценить риск ухудшения имеющихся у них расстройств здоровья в процессе возможной будущей трудовой деятельности. Периодически возникают ситуации, когда учащийся с расстройствами здоровья получает подготовку по медицинской специальности, работа в которой впоследствии будет признана ему противопоказанной. Действующая система экспертизы профессиональной пригодности в целом ряде случаев допускает принятие в отношении медицинских работников явно нелогичных решений как в отношении установления противопоказаний для выполнения ими вредных и опасных работ, так и в отношении допуска к ним. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Нормативные акты в данной области нуждаются в существенном реформировании. Медицинские осмотры абитуриентов и учащихся медицинских учебных заведений должны проходить в объёме, позволяющем на стадии профессиональной ориентации определить риск ухудшения здоровья в случае воздействия всех типичных для медицинских работников вредных производственных факторов. В перечень вредных производственных факторов, при воздействии которых проводится экспертиза профессиональной пригодности, должна быть включена повышенная напряжённость трудового процесса. При трудоустройстве медицинских работников экспертиза профессиональной пригодности должна быть основана на риск-ориентированном подходе.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Among medical workers, both in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries, a significant number of people with chronic diseases are identified. This problem is already noted among medical students. In such a situation, an effective system of examination of the professional fitness of medical workers is necessary. Its goal is to prevent specialists with health disorders from working in harmful and dangerous conditions, which create a real risk of progression of existing diseases.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The authors analyzed the regulatory acts of the Russian Federation, determining the procedure for the examination of the professional working ability of medical workers. The adequacy and possible effectiveness of these acts were evaluated on the basis of the practical experience of the occupational physician.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The existing system of medical examinations of applicants of medical schools does not allow to assess the risk of deterioration of their health disorders in the process of possible future work. Periodically, there are situations when a student with a health disorder receives training in a medical specialty, the work in which will then be recognized as contraindicated. The current system of examination of professional fitness in a number of cases allows the adoption of obviously illogical decisions concerning medical workers. This is possible both with regard to the prohibition to perform hazardous work, as well as with regard to the permission to perform them.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Normative acts in this area need for substantial reforms. Medical examinations of enrollees and students of medical schools should be able to determine the risk deterioration of health in the event of exposure to all harmful occupational factors typical for medical workers. The increased intensity of the labor process must be included in the list of harmful occupational factors, under the influence of which expertise is necessarily carried out for th eoccupational suitability. When employing medical workers, the examination of professional fitness should be based on a risk-oriented approach.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медицинские работники</kwd><kwd>здоровье</kwd><kwd>заболевания</kwd><kwd>экспертиза</kwd><kwd>медицинские осмотры</kwd><kwd>профессиональная пригодность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medical workers</kwd><kwd>health</kwd><kwd>diseases</kwd><kwd>expertise</kwd><kwd>medical examinations</kwd><kwd>professional suitability</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дудинцева Н.В., Косарев В.В., Двойников С.И., Лотков В.С. 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