medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-6-610-617medlit-34Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВHYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTSСкрининг и пост-скрининг маркеров загрязнения атмосферного воздуха в пробах слюны детей дошкольного возрастаScreening and post-screening of air pollution markers in mixed saliva of preschool childrenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0170-3085ХрипачЛюдмила ВасильевнаKhripachLudmila V.

Доктор биол. наук, зав. лаб. биохимических и молекулярно-генетических методов исследования ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва.

e-mail: LKhripach@cspmz.ru

MD, Ph.D., DSci., head of the laboratory of biochemical and molecular genetics methods, Centre for Strategic Planning, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia.

e-mail: LKhripach@csp

LKhripach@cspmz.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5279-5018КнязеваТ. Д.KnyazevaT. D.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9339-9310ЖелезнякЕ. В.ZheleznyakE. V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4652-1755МаковецкаяА. К.MakovetskayaA. K.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4622-8110КогановаЗ. И.KoganovaZ. I.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4319-7192БударинаО. В.BudarinaO. V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-8344СабироваЗ. Ф.SabirovaZ. F.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-6800ИнгельФ. И.IngelF. I.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8386-911XДеминаН. Н.DeminaN. N.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6181-4628ЛебедеваН. В.LebedevaN. V.noemail@neicon.ruФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» ФМБА РоссииCentre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency202009092020996610617Copyright © Хрипач Л.В., Князева Т.Д., Железняк Е.В., Маковецкая А.К., Коганова З.И., Бударина О.В., Сабирова З.Ф., Ингель Ф.И., Демина Н.Н., Лебедева Н.В., 20202020Хрипач Л.В., Князева Т.Д., Железняк Е.В., Маковецкая А.К., Коганова З.И., Бударина О.В., Сабирова З.Ф., Ингель Ф.И., Демина Н.Н., Лебедева Н.В.Khripach L.V., Knyazeva T.D., Zheleznyak E.V., Makovetskaya A.K., Koganova Z.I., Budarina O.V., Sabirova Z.F., Ingel F.I., Demina N.N., Lebedeva N.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/34Введение

Введение. Неинвазивная диагностика с использованием проб смешанной слюны является перспективным направлением, которое требует дальнейших исследований. Данное двухэтапное исследование направлено на выявление достоверных биохимических и иммунологических маркеров влияния загрязнений атмосферного воздуха в пробах слюны детей дошкольного возраста.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Пробы смешанной слюны были отобраны у 112 детей 5-7 лет из 6 детских садов, расположенных на расстояниях 1,7-5,9 км от комплекса предприятий по переработке сельскохозяйственной продукции. На этапе скрининга в пробах слюны определяли интенсивность люминол-зависимой хемилюминесценции (ЛЗХЛ), содержание секреторного IgA (sIgA), ИЛ-8, мочевой кислоты, активность α-амилазы и лизосомального фермента N-ацетил-β-D-глюкозаминидазы (NAG); на этапе пост-скрининга - содержание ИЛ-1β и ИЛ-6.

Результаты

Результаты. Скрининг показал, что только те маркеры, которые можно рассматривать как косвенные признаки активации фагоцитов, связаны с уровнями экспозиции детей выбросами промзоны достоверными уравнениями: ЛЗХЛ (y = 6,98-0,17x; p = 7,2 • 10-9); ИЛ-8 (y = 776,2-83,2x; p = 3 • 10-4); NAG (y = 13,94-0,93x; p = 0,037). Чтобы проверить, не является ли это совпадение случайным, было подобрано еще 2 показателя в виде функциональной «вилки»: ИЛ-1β (лейкоцитарный пироген) и ИЛ-6 (кофактор дифференцировки В-лимфоцитов). Методами регрессионного, корреляционного и кластерного анализа подтверждено, что все 4 «фагоцитарных» маркера достоверно увеличиваются по мере приближения детских садов к промзоне и образуют единый кластер, перешитый достоверными коэффициентами взаимной корреляции. Содержание ИЛ-6 было связано с уровнями экспозиции зависимостью подъем-спад и вопреки общепринятым представлениям не имело никакой связи с содержанием sIgA. Полученные данные, возможно, имеют отношение к отсутствию способности ИЛ-6 и дефензинов индуцировать sIgA у мышей [Boyaka et al., 2001].

Заключение

Заключение. Результаты обследования свидетельствуют о том, что градиент выбросов промзоны содержит взвешенные вещества и не содержит гаптенов или иммунотоксичных соединений. Пост-скрининг может оказаться полезным приемом при использовании проб слюны как недостаточно изученного объекта.

Introduction

Introduction. salivary diagnostics is a promising area that requires further research.

The aim of the study

The aim of the study. The two-stage study is aimed at identifying reliable biochemical and immunological markers of the influence of atmospheric air pollution in saliva samples in preschool children.

Material and methods

Material and methods. Mixed saliva samples were taken from 112 children aged 5-7 years in 6 kindergartens located at distances of 1.7-5.9 km from the complex of agricultural processing enterprises. At the screening stage, the intensity of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LC), levels of secretory IgA (sIgA), IL-8, uric acid, activities of α-amylase, and lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) were determined in saliva samples; at the post-screening stage, IL-1b and IL-6 were added.

Results

Results. In children at the screening stage only those markers that can be considered as indirect signs of phagocyte activation were associated with exposure levels to industrial zone emissions by significant equations: CL (y=6.98-0.17 x; p=7.2*10-9); IL-8 (y=776.2-83.2 x; p=3*10-4); NAG (y=13.94-0.93 x; p=0.037). To check whether this coincidence is random, we selected two additional markers in the form of functional “fork”: IL-1β (leukocyte pyrogen) and IL-6 (cofactor of B-lymphocyte differentiation). Methods of regression, correlation, and cluster analysis confirmed all 4 “phagocytic” markers significantly to increase along the gradient of industrial emissions and form a single cluster, cross-linked with significant correlation coefficients. IL-6 saliva content was associated with exposure levels by a rise-fall relationship, and, contrary to conventional beliefs, had no connection with sIgA content. The last finding may be related to the lack of ability of IL-6 and defensins to induce sIgA in mice [Boyaka et al., 2001].

Conclusion

Conclusion. The survey results suppose that emission gradient from the industrial zone contains PM and does not contain haptens or immunotoxic compounds. Post-screening can be a useful technique when using saliva samples as insufficiently studied objects.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.