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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-6-646-651</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-347</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка влияния вредных условий труда и курения на здоровье работников промышленных предприятий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the impact of harmful working conditions and smoking on the health of industrial workers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0275-0553</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокин</surname><given-names>Геннадий Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokin</surname><given-names>Gennadiy A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. ФБУН «Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья», 191036, Санкт-Петербург.</p><p>e-mail: sorgen50@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., senior researcher of the North-West Public Health Research Center, S-Petersburg, 191036, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: sorgen50@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sorgen50@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0275-0553</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сюрин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Syurin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-West Public Health Research Center</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>646</fpage><lpage>651</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сорокин Г.А., Сюрин С.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сорокин Г.А., Сюрин С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sorokin G.A., Syurin S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/347">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/347</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В настоящее время основное влияние вредных условий труда проявляется не уровнем профессиональной заболеваемости и травматизма, а общим состоянием здоровья работающих лиц. Среди непрофессиональных рисков наиболее существенным является курение табака. </p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Изучались условия труда, данные медицинского осмотра и статус курения 2 810 горняков апатит-нефелиновых и медно-никелевых рудников (одноразовое обследование). Популяционный риск (Р) и его годовой прирост (ГПР) изучался в шести классах болезней: системы кровообращения (СК), органов пищеварения (ОП), мочеполовой системы (МПС), органов дыхания (ОД), костно-мышечной системы (КМС), кожи и подкожной клетчатки (КПК), нервной системы (НС). Факторы заболеваемости характеризовались длительностью их экспозиции: вредные условия труда – стажем работы, не связанным с возрастом и длительностью курения; непрофессиональные факторы – возрастом работников, не связанным со стажем работы и курения; курение – его длительностью, не связанной с возрастом и стажем работы. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показатели Р среди некурящих и курящих работников в группах с одинаковым средним возрастом и стажем работы, статистически не различались, за исключением СК, частота которой меньше у курящих. Можно полагать, что эти данные относятся к «парадоксальным случаям», при которых эффект ФУТ маскируется текучестью кадров. В отличие от экстенсивных показателей Р, показатели ГПР большинства классов болезней – четко выявляют негативное влияние курения на состояние здоровья горняков.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Для количественного сопоставления негативных влияний на здоровье работающих следует использовать показатели динамики популяционного риска в определенных стажево-возрастных группах. Годовой прирост риска возникновения хронических заболеваний (кроме КМС), не дифференцированных по их классам, в 1,6 раза больше у курящих лиц, чем у не курящих.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Currently, the main influence of adverse working conditions is manifested not only by the level of occupational morbidity and injuries but by the general state of health of employed persons. Among the most significant non-occupational exposure is tobacco smoking. </p><p>The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of the influence of the factor "harmful working conditions" (Fwc) and the factor "Smoking" (Fsmo) on the prevalence and rate of development of the most frequently diagnosed chronic diseases in industrial workers.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Working conditions, medical examination data and smoking status of 2810 Apatite-nepheline and copper-Nickel miners were studied (cross section study). Population risk (PR) and its annual increase (GPR) were studied in six classes of diseases: circulatory system (CS), digestive system (DS), genitourinary system (GUS), respiratory system (RS), musculoskeletal system (MSS), skin and subcutaneous tissue (SST), nervous system (NS). Morbidity factors were characterized by the duration of their exposure: harmful working conditions – work experience not related to age and duration of smoking; non – professional factors – age of employees not related to work experience and smoking; smoking-its duration not related to age and work experience.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Population rates among non-smokers and smokers, in groups with the same average age and work experience, did not differ statistically, except for CS, the frequency of which is lower in smokers. It can be assumed that these data refer to "paradoxical cases" in which the Fwc effect is masked by employee turnover. In contrast to extensive indices of PR, GPR indices of the majority of classes of diseases-accurately reveal negative influence of smoking on a state of health of miners.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. 1. For quantitative comparison of negative effects on the health of workers of Fwc and Fsmo it is necessary to use indices PR of dynamics in certain experience and age groups. 2. The impact of the Fwc on the GPR is more pronounced than Fsmo for MSS, RS, NS. The influence of Fsmo exceeds a Fwc for SST, CS and DS. 3. An annual gain in the risk of chronic diseases (except MSS), not differentiated by their classes, s in smokers is by 1.6 times more than in non-smokers.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>горняки</kwd><kwd>хронические болезни</kwd><kwd>риск болезней</kwd><kwd>условия труда</kwd><kwd>курение</kwd><kwd>возраст</kwd><kwd>стаж работы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>miners</kwd><kwd>chronic diseases</kwd><kwd>risk of diseases</kwd><kwd>working conditions</kwd><kwd>Smoking</kwd><kwd>age</kwd><kwd>work experience</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Измеров Н.Ф. Проблемы оценки и управления профессиональными рисками. Доклад на всероссийском совещании по охране труда. 28 апреля 2010. Availableat: http://www.myshared.ru/theme/prezentatsiya-po-ohrane-truda/6/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Izmerov N. F. 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