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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1119-1124</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ohmisv</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-3489</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование и оценка подострой токсичности наночастиц оксида молибдена (VI) при ингаляционном пути поступления в организм крыс линии Wistar в сравнении с микроразмерным химическим аналогом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Research and assessment of the molybdenum oxide (VI) nanoparticles toxiсity under inhalation in WISTAR line rats in comparison with the micro-sized chemical analog</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-9613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Землянова</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemlyanova</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующая отделом биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», доктор медицинских наук, профессор; Россия, Пермь, ул. Монастырская, д. 82</p><p>e-mail: zem@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Dsci., Prof., Head of the Department of Biochemical and Cytogenetic Diagnostic Methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: zem@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zem@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-1145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>Нина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>Nina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научный руководитель ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, 614045, Россия, Пермь, ул. Монастырская, д. 82</p><p>e-mail: znv@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">znv@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7226-7682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанков</surname><given-names>Марк Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepankov</surname><given-names>Mark S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник, аспирант ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» 614045, Россия, Пермь, ул. Монастырская, д. 82</p><p>e-mail: stepankov@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stepankov@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies;&#13;
Perm State National Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения»;&#13;
ФГБУ «Российская академия наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies;&#13;
Perm State National Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1119</fpage><lpage>1124</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Землянова М.А., Зайцева Н.В., Степанков М.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Землянова М.А., Зайцева Н.В., Степанков М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zemlyanova M.A., Zaitseva N.V., Stepankov M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3489">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3489</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Наночастицы оксида молибдена (VI) (НЧ МоО3) активно внедряются в практическое использование в составе катализаторов, оптики, пластика, текстиля, покрытий и смазочных материалов, газовых сенсоров и в процессах переработки сырой нефти. Известно, что НЧ МоО3 при взаимодействии с живыми системами проявляют токсические свойства. Загрязнение атмосферного воздуха потенциально опасными НЧ МоО3 может способствовать ингаляционной экспозиции населения и, как следствие, развитию нарушений здоровья, вызванных токсическим действием наноматериала. В связи с этим актуально изучение негативных эффектов, обусловленных НЧ МоО3, поступающими в организм при аэрогенной экспозиции.</p><p>Цель работы — исследование и оценка подострой токсичности НЧ МоО3 при ингаляционном пути поступления в организм в сравнении с микроразмерным химическим аналогом.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследованы физические свойства НЧ МоО3 в сравнении с микрочастицами (МЧ). В эксперименте на крысах линии Wistar выполнен сравнительный анализ и дана характеристика патогенетических особенностей токсического действия частиц при подострой ингаляционной экспозиции в концентрации 1,84 мг/м3.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По совокупности физических свойств исследуемый образец МоО3 является наноматериалом со средним размером частиц 58,8 нм, составляющих 84,2% от общего количества частиц. НЧ МоО3 накапливаются в сердце, лёгких, почках и головном мозге. Концентрация молибдена в 2,5–15,85 раза выше контрольных уровней. Наибольшее содержание изучаемого элемента установлено в лёгких. Бионакопление МЧ МоО3 отмечено только в лёгких, при этом концентрация молибдена в 3 раза ниже в сравнении с экспозицией НЧ. При экспозиции НЧ МоО3 отмечены более выраженные изменения биохимических (увеличение активности ЩФ, ЛДГ, концентрации билирубина общего и креатинина в 1,29–2,11 раза) и гематологических (снижение количества тромбоцитов и тромбокрита в 1,2 раза) параметров крови относительно воздействия микроразмерного аналога. При воздействии НЧ и МЧ МоО3 развиваются патоморфологические изменения тканей лёгких, головного мозга и печени. При экспозиции НЧ установлены компенсаторная эмфизема в лёгких, очаговый микровезикулярный стеатоз гепатоцитов и острое полнокровие в печени, не выявленные при экспозиции МЧ.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследование выполнено только при подострой ингаляционной экспозиции НЧ и МЧ МоО3 на крысах линии Wistar.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. НЧ МоО3 обладают большей степенью бионакопления и токсичности относительно МЧ. Результаты исследования позволяют расширить теоретические представления и получить новые знания в области нанотоксикологии об особенностях токсического действия наноразмерного МоО3 при многократном ингаляционном поступлении в организм в концентрации 1,84 мг/м3.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование выполнено в соответствии с Европейской конвенцией по защите позвоночных животных, используемых для экспериментальных или в иных научных целях (ETS № 123), и требованиями этического комитета ФНЦ Медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения (протокол № 6 от 20.01.2021 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Землянова М.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, обработка материала, написание текста;Зайцева Н.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, статистическая обработка материала, редактирование;Степанков М.С. — сбор материала, обработка материала.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование выполнено за счёт федерального бюджета.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 21.08.2023 / Принята к печати: 26.09.2023 / Опубликована: 20.11.2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Molybdenum (VI) oxide nanoparticles (MoO3 NPs) are being actively introduced into practical use as part of catalysts, optics, plastics, textiles, coatings, and lubricants, gas sensors, and crude oil refining processes. MoO3 NPs are known to exhibit toxic properties when interacting with living systems. Atmospheric air pollution with potentially dangerous MoO3 NPs can contribute to the inhalation exposure in the population and, as a result, the development of health disorders caused by the toxic effect of the nanomaterial. In this regard, the study of the adverse effects caused by MoO3 NPs entering the body during aerogenic exposure is particularly relevant.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study. Investigation and evaluation of subacute toxicity of MoO3 NPs by the inhalation route of entry into the body in comparison with a microsized chemical analogue.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The physical properties of MoO3 NPs were studied in comparison with microparticles (MPs). In an experiment on Wistar rats, a comparative analysis was performed and a characteristic of the pathogenetic features of the toxic effect of particles during subacute inhalation exposure at a concentration of 1.84 mg/m3 was given.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. According to the totality of physical properties, the MoO3 sample under study is a nanomaterial with an average particle size of 58.8 nm, constituting 84.2% of the total number of particles. MoO3 NPs accumulate in the heart, lungs, kidneys, and brain. The concentration of molybdenum is by 2.50–15.85 times higher than the control levels. The highest content of the studied element was found in the lungs. Bioaccumulation of MP MoO3 was noted only in the lungs, while the concentration of molybdenum is by 3.00 times less in comparison with the exposure to NPs. When exposed to MoO3 NPs, more pronounced changes in biochemical (an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase, LDH, the concentration of total bilirubin and creatinine by 1.29–2.11 times) and hematological parameters (a decrease in the number of platelets and thrombocrit by 1.2 times) of blood were noted relative to the impact of a microscale analogue. Under the influence of NPs and MPs of MoO3, pathomorphological changes develop in the lungs, brain, and liver tissues. When exposed to NPs, compensatory lung emphysema, focal microvesicular steatosis in hepatocytes, and acute plethora in the liver were found, which were not detected during exposure to NPs.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study was performed only with subacute inhalation exposure to NPs and MPs of MoO3 in Wistar rats.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. MoO3 NPs have a higher degree of bioaccumulation and toxicity relative to MPs. The results of the study make it possible to expand theoretical concepts and gain new knowledge in the field of nanotoxicology about the features of the toxic effect of nano-sized MoO3 with multiple inhalation routes of entry into the body at a concentration of 1.84 mg/m3.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was carried out in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental or other Scientific Purposes (ETS No. 123) and the requirements of the Ethics Committee of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies for Public Health Risk Management (protocol No. 6 of 20.01 .2021).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution:Zemlyanova M.A. — the concept and design of the study, processing of the material, writing the text;Zaitseva N.V. — concept and design of the study, statistical processing of the material, editing;Stepankov M.S. — collection of material, processing of material.All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: August 21, 2023 / Accepted: September 26, 2023 / Published: November 20, 2023</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оксид молибдена (VI)</kwd><kwd>наночастицы</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd><kwd>патоморфологические изменения</kwd><kwd>бионакопление</kwd><kwd>ингаляционная экспозиция</kwd><kwd>подострое воздействие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>molybdenum (VI) oxide</kwd><kwd>nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd><kwd>pathomorphological changes</kwd><kwd>bioaccumulation</kwd><kwd>inhalation exposure</kwd><kwd>subacute exposure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">han I., Saeed K., Khan I. Nanoparticles: Properties, applications and toxicities. Arab. J. 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