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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-10-1125-1131</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">oyysbv</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-3490</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Протеомное профилирование плазмы крови при хронической экспериментальной экспозиции оксидом алюминия как инструмент прогноза негативных эффектов со стороны критических органов и систем человека</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proteomic profiling of blood plasma in chronic experimental exposure to aluminum oxide as a tool for predicting adverse effects from critical human organs and systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-9613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Землянова</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemlyanova</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующая отделом биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», доктор медицинских наук, доцент, 614045, Пермь, ул. Монастырская, 82</p><p>e-mail: zem@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., Professor, Head of Department. biochemical and cytogenetic diagnostic Methods of the Federal Research Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies of Public Health Risk Management of Rospotrebnadzor, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: zem@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zem@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8050-3059</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пескова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Peskova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник лаборатории биохимической и наносенсорной диагностики отдела биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», аспирант ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», 614045, Пермь, ул. Монастырская, 82</p><p>e-mail: peskova@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7226-7682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанков</surname><given-names>Марк Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepankov</surname><given-names>Mark S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник лаборатории биохимической и наносенсорной диагностики отдела биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», аспирант ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», 614045, Россия, Пермь, ул. Монастырская, д. 82.</p><p>e-mail: stepankov@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies;&#13;
Perm State National Research University;&#13;
Perm National Research Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1125</fpage><lpage>1131</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Землянова М.А., Пескова Е.В., Степанков М.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Землянова М.А., Пескова Е.В., Степанков М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zemlyanova M.A., Peskova E.V., Stepankov M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3490">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3490</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Высокоинформативные методы исследования, к числу которых относится протеомное профилирование, обеспечивают возможность прогнозирования на самых ранних этапах негативных эффектов со стороны критических органов и систем человека. В сочетании с токсикологическими исследованиями данные методы позволяют экстраполировать на человека изменения белкового профиля плазмы крови, выявленные в эксперименте на биологических моделях. Определение экспрессии, функциональных характеристик и тканевой принадлежности изменённых белков и пептидов обеспечивает уточнение механизмов нарушений гомеостаза на клеточно-молекулярном уровне, связанных с воздействием химических веществ.</p><p>Цель работы — выявление и оценка изменений протеомного профиля плазмы крови при экспериментальной экспозиции оксидом алюминия для прогнозирования негативных эффектов со стороны критических органов и систем человека.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. При моделировании ингаляционной экспозиции оксидом алюминия в дозе 0,0025 мг/(кг · день), эквивалентной дозе в натурных условиях экспозиции при годовом периоде осреднения, и с учётом межвидового переноса доз в эксперименте на крысах линии Wistar исследовано содержание данного металла в моче и проведён сравнительный анализ протеомного профиля плазмы крови экспонированных и неэкспонированных особей. Методами статистического и биоинформационного анализа данные, полученные в эксперименте, экстраполированы на человека для прогнозирования негативных эффектов со стороны критических органов и систем при хронической аэрогенной экспозиции оксидом алюминия.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При хроническом ингаляционном поступлении оксида алюминия в дозе 0,0025 мг/(кг · день) у животных опытной группы содержание алюминия в моче установлено в 3,5 раза выше относительно аналогичного показателя в контрольной группе. В результате денситометрического измерения и сравнительного анализа протеомных карт плазмы крови экспонированных и неэкспонированных животных установлено 13 белковых пятен, интенсивность которых в группах достоверно отличается и доказанно связана с содержанием алюминия в моче. При сопоставлении масс-спектров данных белковых пятен идентифицировано 8 белков, совпадающих с белками библиотечного масс-спектра (актин-связывающий Rho-активирующий белок; альдегиддегидрогеназа, цитозоль 1; аполипопротеин А-I; белок Sec22b, транспортирующий везикулы; фактор элонгации 1-γ; нейросекреторный белок Vgf; пумилио гомолог 3; тенеурин-2). В результате биоинформационного анализа установлены гены, кодирующие выявленные белки, их участие в биологических процессах (клеточные и метаболические процессы, процессы биологического регулирования), а также ткани органов, в которых они имеют повышенную экспрессию (печень, головной мозг, сердце, мышцы, тонкая кишка, селезёнка, матка, яички, надпочечники). У человека определены ортологи установленных генов, что позволяет использовать белки, выявленные в эксперименте, в качестве маркёров негативных ответов и предполагать развитие патологий сердечно-сосудистой системы, печени и головного мозга в условиях длительной аэрогенной экспозиции оксидом алюминия.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Проведённое исследование на крысах линии Wistar моделировало только хроническое ингаляционное воздействие оксида алюминия.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Установлена трансформация протеомного профиля плазмы крови в эксперименте на биологической модели при хроническом ингаляционном воздействии оксида алюминия в дозе 0,0025 мг/(кг · день). Экстраполяция полученных данных и обнаружение ортологичных генов у человека позволяют предположить развитие негативных эффектов в виде болезней сердечно-сосудистой системы, печени и головного мозга при хроническом ингаляционном поступлении оксида алюминия в организм. Полученные данные расширяют теоретические представления о механизмах токсического действия химических веществ, в том числе оксидных соединений алюминия, на клеточно-молекулярном уровне для прогнозирования негативных эффектов со стороны критических органов и систем человека.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено локальным этическим комитетом ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Роспотребнадзора (протокол заседания № 2 от 11.02.2021 г.), проведено согласно общепринятым научным принципам Хельсинкской декларации Всемирной медицинской ассоциации (ред. 2013 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Землянова М.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование;Пескова Е.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор данных литературы, статистическая обработка материала, написание текста;Степанков М.С. — сбор материала, обработка материала.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование выполнено за счёт средств федерального бюджета.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 21.08.2023 / Принята к печати: 26.09.2023 / Опубликована: 20.11.2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Highly informative research methods, which include proteomic profiling, make it possible to predict the development of negative effects on the part of critical human organs and systems at the earliest stages of their formation. In combination with toxicological studies, these methods allow changes in the protein profile of blood plasma, identified in the experiment on biological models, to be extrapolated to humans. Determination of the expression, functional characteristics and tissue identity of altered proteins and peptides provides clarification of the mechanisms of homeostasis disorders at the cellular and molecular level associated with exposure to chemicals.</p><p>The purpose of the work is to identify and evaluate changes in the proteomic profile of blood plasma during experimental exposure to aluminum oxide in order to predict negative effects on the part of critical human organs and systems.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. When modelling inhalation exposure to aluminum oxide at a dose of 0.0025 mg/(kg·day), equivalent to the dose in natural exposure conditions with an annual averaging period, and taking into account interspecies dose transfer, in an experiment on Wistar rats, the content of this metal in urine and a comparative analysis of the proteomic profile of the blood plasma of exposed and unexposed individuals was carried out. Using the methods of statistical and bioinformatic analysis, the data obtained in the experiment were extrapolated to humans in order to predict negative effects on the part of critical organs and systems during chronic aerogenic exposure to aluminum.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. With chronic inhalation intake of aluminum oxide at a dose of 0.0025 mg/(kg·day) in animals of the experimental group, the content of aluminum in the urine was 3.5 times higher than that in the control group. As a result of densitometric measurement and comparative analysis of proteomic maps of blood plasma of exposed and unexposed animals, 13 protein spots were found, the intensity of which significantly differs between groups, which was proved to be related to the aluminum content in the urine. When comparing the mass spectra of these protein spots, 8 proteins were identified that coincided with the proteins of the library mass spectrum (Actin-binding Rho-activating protein; Aldehyde dehydrogenase, cytosol 1; Apolipoprotein A-I; Sec22b protein transporting vesicles; Elongation factor 1-γ; Neurosecretory protein Vgf; Pumilio homologue 3; Teneurin-2). As a result of bioinformatics analysis, there were determined genes encoding the identified proteins, their participation in biological processes (cellular and metabolic processes, biological regulation processes) and tissues of organs in which they have an increased expression (liver, brain, heart, muscles, small intestine, spleen, uterus, testicles, adrenal glands). In humans, orthologues of established genes have been identified, which makes it possible to use the proteins identified in the experiment as markers of negative responses and to suggest the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver, and brain under conditions of long-term aerogenic exposure to aluminum oxide.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The conducted study on Wistar rats simulated only chronic inhalation exposure to aluminum oxide.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The transformation of the proteomic profile of blood plasma was established in an experiment on a biological model with chronic inhalation exposure to aluminum oxide at a dose of 0.0025 mg/(kg·day). Extrapolation of the data obtained and the detection of orthologous genes in humans suggests the development of negative effects in the form of diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver and brain with chronic inhalation intake of aluminum oxide into the body. The data obtained expand the theoretical understanding of the mechanisms of the toxic action of chemicals, including aluminum oxide compounds, at the cellular and molecular level to predict the negative effects of critical human organs and systems.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Federal Research Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies of Public Health Risk Management of Rospotrebnadzor (minutes of the meeting No. 2 dated 11.02.2021), conducted in accordance with the generally accepted scientific principles of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (ed. 2013).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution:Zemlyanova M.A. — concept and design of research, editing;Peskova E.V. — concept and design of research, collection of literature data, statistical processing of material, writing of text;Stepankov M.S. — collection of material, processing of material.All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: August 21, 2023 / Accepted: September 26, 2023 / Published: November 20, 2023</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>протеомный профиль плазмы крови</kwd><kwd>экспериментальные животные</kwd><kwd>алюминий в моче</kwd><kwd>биоинформационный анализ</kwd><kwd>негативные эффекты</kwd><kwd>прогнозные оценки</kwd><kwd>экстраполяция результатов на человека</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>proteomic profile of blood plasma</kwd><kwd>experimental animals</kwd><kwd>aluminum in urine</kwd><kwd>bioinformatic analysis</kwd><kwd>negative effects</kwd><kwd>forecast estimates</kwd><kwd>results extrapolation to human</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hilton I.B., Gersbach C.A. Enabling functional genomics with genome engineering. 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