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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1210-1214</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">riwbwa</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-3531</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка мутагенной активности пищевого красителя Понсо 4R в микроядерном тесте на мышах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of mutagenic activity of the food dye Ponceau 4R in a micronuclear test in mice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4377-245X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрченко</surname><given-names>Валентина Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurchenko</surname><given-names>Valentina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва</p><p>e-mail: VYurchenko@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Leading Researcher of the Department of Preventive Toxicology and Biomedical Research in the Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: VYurchenko@cspmz.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VYurchenko@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3619-3858</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахальцева</surname><given-names>Людмила Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhaltseva</surname><given-names>Lyudmila V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва</p><p>e-mail: LAhalceva@cspmz.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">LAhalceva@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5031-2916</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрцева</surname><given-names>Надежда Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurtseva</surname><given-names>Nadezda A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник отдела профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8319-1329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коняшкина</surname><given-names>Мария Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konyashkina</surname><given-names>Mariya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник отдела профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0856-3209</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>Антон Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>Anton S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат химических наук, доцент института фундаментальной и прикладной химии Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Ярославский государственный университет им. П.Г. Демидова», 150057, Ярославская область, г. Ярославль, пр. Матросова, д. 9</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный университет имени П.Г. Демидова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1210</fpage><lpage>1214</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юрченко В.В., Ахальцева Л.В., Юрцева Н.А., Коняшкина М.А., Лебедев А.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юрченко В.В., Ахальцева Л.В., Юрцева Н.А., Коняшкина М.А., Лебедев А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yurchenko V.V., Akhaltseva L.V., Yurtseva N.A., Konyashkina M.A., Lebedev A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3531">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3531</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Пищевой моноазокраситель Е124 Понсо 4R применяется в пищевой, фармацевтической и косметической промышленности. Анализ доступных данных по оценке генетической безопасности Е124 на основе учёта основных маркёрных событий генотоксичности выявил их противоречивость, возможно, связанную с количественными и (или) качественными различиями изученных образцов по примесям.</p><p>Цель работы — оценить мутагенную активность в микроядерном тесте на мышах  нескольких коммерческих образцов Е124, присутствующих на отечественном рынке.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Изучены три образца Е124 от разных производителей (Индия). Для оценки подлинности субстанций Понсо 4R применялся метод ИК-спектроскопии среднего диапазона, техника УНПВО. Водные растворы краски вводили в желудок самцам мышей CBA × C57Bl6/j) в дозах от 125 до 2000 мг/кг дважды с интервалом 24 ч и приготовлением препаратов через 24 ч после второго введения. Для оценки частоты полихроматофильных эритроцитов (ПХЭ) с микроядрами (МЯ) анализировали 4000 ПХЭ, доли ПХЭ среди всех эритроцитов — 500 клеток на животное.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Понсо 4R был идентифицирован во всех представленных образцах. На всех изученных уровнях воздействия образцы Е124 вызывали повышение частоты ПХЭ с МЯ (р &lt; 0,05–0,001, критерий Т) в костном мозге мышей в линейной зависимости от дозы (р &lt; 0,04–0,0001). Доля ПХЭ от всех эритроцитов не изменялась.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Полученные данные не позволяют определить механизм генотоксического действия исследуемого вещества.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Анализ частоты ПХЭ с МЯ в костном мозге мышей после двукратного введения в дозах 125–2000 мг/кг выявил мутагенную активность трёх образцов Понсо 4R.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено локальным этическим комитетом НИИ ЭДиТО ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России, проведено в соответствии с Европейской конвенцией о защите позвоночных животных, используемых для экспериментов или в иных научных целях (ETS N 123), директивой Европейского парламента и Совета Европейского союза 2010/63/EC от 22.09.2010 г. о защите животных, использующихся для научных целей.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Юрченко В.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, работа с животными, приготовление препаратов для микроскопического анализа, статистический анализ, анализ данных литературы, написание текста;Ахальцева Л.В. — микроскопический анализ, поиск источников литературы, анализ данных литературы, написание текста;Юрцева Н.А. — работа с животными, приготовление препаратов для микроскопического анализа, микроскопический анализ;Коняшкина М.А. — работа с животными, приготовление препаратов для микроскопического анализа;Лебедев А.С. — оценка подлинности субстанций Понсо 4R.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания «Комплексная система оценки генотоксичности пищевых добавок» ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 09.08.2023 / Принята к печати: 15.11.2023 / Опубликована: 08.12.2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Food monoazo dye E124 Ponceau 4R is used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. An analysis of the available data on the evaluation of the genetic safety of E124 based on the main marker events of genotoxicity revealed their inconsistency, possibly associated with quantitative and/or qualitative differences in the studied samples for impurities.</p><p>The aim of the work is to evaluate the mutagenic activity in the micronucleus test in mice of several commercial samples of E124 present on the domestic market.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Three samples of E124 from different manufacturers (India) were studied. To assess the identity of Ponceau 4R substances, there was used method of MIR-spectroscopy — universal ART technique. Aqueous dye solutions were administered to the stomach of male CBA × C57Bl6/j) mice at doses of 125 to 2000 mg/kg twice with an interval of 24 hours and preparations were prepared 24 hours after the last injection. To assess the frequency of polychromatophilic erythrocytes (PCE) with micronuclei (MN), 4000 PCE were analyzed, the proportion of PCE among all erythrocytes — 500 cells per animal.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Ponceau 4 R was determined in all samples. All E124 samples caused an increase in the frequency of PCE with MN (p &lt; 0.05–0.001, T test) after exposure at all levels studied in a linear dose-dependent manner. The proportion of PCE from all erythrocytes did not change.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The data obtained do not allow determining the mechanism of the genotoxic action of the test substance.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. An analysis of the frequency of MN PCEs in the bone marrow in mice after a double injection at doses of 125–2000 mg/kg revealed the genotoxicity of three samples Ponceau 4R.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethical committee of the Research Institute of EDiTO Federal State Budgetary Institution «N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, carried out under the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments or Other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123), Directive of the European Parliament and Council of the European Union 2010/63/EU of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution:Yurchenko V.V. — concept and design of the study, work with animals, preparation of preparations for cytogenetic analysis, statistical analysis, analysis of literature, writing a text;Akhaltseva L.V. — cytogenetic analysis, search for literature sources, analysis of literature;Yurtseva N.A. — work with animals, preparation of preparations for cytogenetic analysis, search for literature sources;Konyashkina M.A. — work with animals, preparation of preparations for cytogenetic analysis, cytogenetic analysis, search for literature sources;Lebedev A.S. — verification of Ponceau 4R substances for identity. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The work was carried out within the framework of the state task «Complex system for assessing the genotoxicity of food additives» Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: August 9, 2023 / Accepted: November 15, 2023 / Published: December 8, 2023</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генотоксичность</kwd><kwd>пищевые азокрасители</kwd><kwd>Е124</kwd><kwd>Понсо 4R</kwd><kwd>микроядерный тест in vivo</kwd><kwd>полихроматофильные эритроциты</kwd><kwd>мыши</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genotoxicity</kwd><kwd>food azo dyes</kwd><kwd>E124</kwd><kwd>Ponceau 4R</kwd><kwd>micronucleus test in vivo</kwd><kwd>polychromatophilic erythrocytes</kwd><kwd>mice</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EFSA Scientific Committee. 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