medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-11-1228-1235nunamkmedlit-3534Research ArticleПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕPREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATIONИнтегральные показатели кардиотоксичности свинца и кадмия на фоне физической нагрузкиIntegral indicators of cardiotoxicity of lead and cadmium on the background of physical activityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0927-4062КлиноваСветлана ВладиславовнаKlinovaSvetlana V.

Кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией промышленной токсикологии, ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора, 620014, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Попова 30

e-mail: klinova.svetlana@gmail.com

MD, PhD, Head of the Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation

e-mail: klinovasv@ymrc.ru

klinova.svetlana@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-7845МинигалиеваИльзира АмировнаMinigalievaIlzira A.

Доктор биологических наук, заведующий отделом токсикологии и биопрофилактики, ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Российская Федерация

noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642СутунковаМарина ПетровнаSutunkovaMarina P.

Доктор медицинских наук, директор ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Российская Федерация

noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8284-0008ШабардинаЛада ВладимировнаShabardinaLada V.

Младший научный сотрудник отдела токсикологии и биопрофилактики, ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Российская Федерация

noemail@neicon.ruФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человекаРоссияYekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial WorkersRussian Federation2023131220231021112281235Copyright © Клинова С.В., Минигалиева И.А., Сутункова М.П., Шабардина Л.В., 20232023Клинова С.В., Минигалиева И.А., Сутункова М.П., Шабардина Л.В.Klinova S.V., Minigalieva I.A., Sutunkova M.P., Shabardina L.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3534Введение

Введение. Современное металлургическое производство характеризуется сочетанным воздействием вредных факторов. Широко распространёнными загрязнителями являются свинец и кадмий. Вредным физическим фактором, сопутствующим труду рабочих, является физическая нагрузка.

Цель работы — экспериментальное изучение влияния свинца или кадмия, а также физической нагрузки на интегральные показатели кардиотоксичности у крыс.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Были проведены два эксперимента на крысах продолжительностью 6 нед по изучению интегральных показателей кардиотоксичности свинца или кадмия и их изменения под влиянием физической нагрузки. Растворы солей свинца или кадмия вводились внутрибрюшинно 3 раза в неделю. Физическая нагрузка моделировалась на беговой дорожке (10 мин в день, 5 дней в неделю). В конце эксперимента неинвазивно регистрировали электрокардиограмму и параметры артериального давления.

Результаты

Результаты. Свинец и кадмий оказывают кардиотоксическое действие, которое заметно по изменению электрокардиографических показателей. Выраженных гемодинамических изменений в проведённых нами исследованиях обнаружено не было. Физическая нагрузка несколько ослабляет кардиотоксические эффекты свинца по показателям электрокардиограммы, в то время как проявления кадмиевой интоксикации она усиливает.

Ограничения исследования

Ограничения исследования. В экспериментах использованы беспородные либо линейные крысы, что может оказывать влияние при сопоставлении экспериментальных данных. Электрофизиологические процессы в работе сердца различаются у мелких грызунов и крупных млекопитающих, поэтому стоит с осторожностью экстраполировать данные, полученные в эксперименте на грызунах, на человека.

Заключение

Заключение. Выявленная неоднозначность влияния физической нагрузки на кардиотоксические эффекты тяжёлых металлов требует дальнейшего изучения данной проблемы.

Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследования были одобрены Локальным этическим комитетом ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора (протокол № 8 от 08.11.2018 г., протокол № 4 от 30.09.2022 г.).

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:Клинова С.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, статистическая обработка, написание текста;Минигалиева И.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование;Сутункова М.П. — концепция и дизайн исследования;Шабардина Л.В. — редактирование.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.

Поступила

Поступила: 03.10.2023 / Принята к печати: 15.11.2023 / Опубликована: 08.12.2023

Introduction

Introduction. Modern metallurgical production is characterized by mixed exposure of workers to harmful chemicals, of which lead and cadmium are the most common. A high physical workload is yet another occupational risk factor for metallurgists.

Objective

Objective. Experimental study of effects of lead or cadmium and physical load on integral indicators of cardiotoxicity in rats.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. We have carried out two 6-week experiments on rats to study integral indicators of cardiotoxicity of lead or cadmium and their changes under effect of physical activity. Solutions of lead or cadmium salts were administered intraperitoneally three times a week. Physical workload was simulated on a treadmill (10 min/day, 5 days a week). At the end of the experiment, electrocardiogram and blood pressure parameters were registered non-invasively.

Results

Results. Lead and cadmium had a cardiotoxic effect manifested by ECG changes. No pronounced hemodynamic changes were observed in our studies. According to ECG parameters, physical load slightly mitigates cardiotoxic effects of lead, but enhances manifestations of cadmium toxicity.

Limitations

Limitations. Data comparison can be affected by the fact that both outbred and inbred rats were used in the experiments. Caution should be taken when extrapolating animal data to humans since electrophysiological processes in the work of the heart differ in small rodents and large mammals.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The established ambiguity of the impact of the physical workload on cardiotoxic effects of heavy metals necessitates further studies of this problem.

Compliance with ethical standards. The studies were approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers (protocol No. 8 of November 8, 2018, protocol No. 4 of September 30, 2022).

Contribution

Contribution:Klinova S.V. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing a text; Minigalieva I.A. — the concept and design of the study, editing;Sutunkova M.P. — the concept and design of the study;Shabardina L.V. — editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received

Received: October 3, 2023 / Accepted: November 15, 2023 / Published: December 8, 2023

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.