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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-7-697-700</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-356</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEM-SOLVING ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблемы установления зависимости доза – эффект для оценки риска от воздействия ионизирующего излучения и вредных химических веществ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of the establishment of the dose-effect relationship for risk assessment under exposure to ionizing radiation and harmful chemical substances</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коренков</surname><given-names>Игорь Петрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korenkov</surname><given-names>Igor P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, канд. тех. наук, профессор, гл. науч. сотр. ФГБУ «ГНЦ «Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна» ФМБА России, 123182, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: korenkovip@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., DSci., Prof., Head of the Department of the A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre, Moscow, 123182, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: korenkovip@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korenkovip@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4652-1250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дёмин</surname><given-names>В. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demin</surname><given-names>V. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-6616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьёв</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soloviev</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научный центр «Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна» ФМБА России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>697</fpage><lpage>700</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коренков И.П., Дёмин В.Ф., Соловьёв В.Ю., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коренков И.П., Дёмин В.Ф., Соловьёв В.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korenkov I.P., Demin V.F., Soloviev V.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/356">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/356</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Анализ проблем разработки зависимостей доза – эффект (ЗДЭ) в оценке риска воздействия ионизирующего излучения (ИИ) и вредных химических веществ (ВХВ) на здоровье человека и предложения по совершенствованию этих зависимостей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проблемы развития и применения методологии оценки риска воздействия ИИ и ВХВ лежат в области разработки ЗДЭ по результатам биологических экспериментов и эпидемиологических исследований (ЭИ). Эти проблемы связаны с такими свойствами эффектов воздействия ИИ и ВХВ, как неспецифичность и латентность, малая статистическая мощность, фрагментарность имеющейся фактической информации по изучаемым эффектам, возможная зависимость от уровня соответствующих спонтанных заболеваний или смертности. Национальными и международными организациями разработан ряд моделей ЗДЭ. Однако между этими моделями имеются существенные различия как в выборе параметров моделей, так и в выборе соотношения между мультипликативными и аддитивными зависимостями от спонтанных эффектов. Сохраняется актуальность совершенствования моделей ЗДЭ, пригодных для надёжных прогнозных оценок риска воздействия ИИ и ВХВ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В современных моделях ЗДЭ соотношение между мультипликативной и аддитивной зависимостями от спонтанных эффектов выбрано экспертным путём на основе имеющихся результатов биологических экспериментов и ЭИ без достаточно строгого обоснования. Это отразилось в различающемся выборе этого соотношения разными разработчиками. Для более обоснованного выбора соотношения предлагается рассмотреть две возможности: 1) проведение дополнительных целенаправленных биологических исследований на молекулярно-клеточном и организменном уровнях; 2) совместный анализ результатов двух независимых ЭИ на разных когортах, пострадавших от воздействия ИИ или ВХВ. Для ИИ имеется реальная возможность решения задачи по второму варианту. Описан конкретный возможный способ действия по второму направлению. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Современные модели ЗДЭ для ИИ и ВХВ нуждаются в дальнейшем развитии, в особенности в части соотношения между мультипликативной и аддитивной зависимостями в ЗДЭ. Предлагается способ обоснования выбора этого соотношения и описан алгоритм его реализации для ИИ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study. An analysis of the problems of the development of the dose-effect relationship (DER) in the assessment of the risk under exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) and harmful chemicals (HC) on human health and proposals for improving them.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Problems of the development and application of the methodology for assessing the risk of exposure to IR and HC are in the area of delivering DER based on the results of biological experiments and epidemiological studies (ES). These problems are associated with such properties of the effects of exposure to IR and HCh as nonspecificity and latency, low statistical power, fragmentation of the actual information available on the studied effects, possible dependence on the level of the associated spontaneous morbidity or mortality rate. A number of DER models have been developed by national and international organizations. However, between these models, there are significant differences in the choice both of model parameters and the ratio between the multiplicative and additive dependencies on spontaneous effects. The relevance of improving DER models suitable for reliable predictive risk assessments of exposure to IR and HC remains.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In modern DER models, the ratio between the multiplicative and additive dependencies on spontaneous effects was chosen by an expert way on the basis of the available results of biological experiments and ESs without sufficient rigorous justification. This was reflected in the different choice of this ratio by different developers. For a more reasonable choice of the ratio, it is proposed to consider two possibilities: 1) implementing additional targeted biological research on the molecular-cellular and organismic levels; 2) a joint analysis of the results of two independent ESs on different cohorts affected by exposure to IR or HC. For IR there is a real opportunity to solve the problem according to the second option. A specific possible method of action in the second direction and an algorithm for its implementation are proposed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Current models of DER for IR and HC require further development, in particular, in terms of the relationship between multiplicative and additive dependencies in DER. A method of justifying the choice of this ratio is proposed and an algorithm for its implementation for IR is described.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпидемиологическое исследование</kwd><kwd>ионизирующее излучение</kwd><kwd>вредное химическое вещество</kwd><kwd>риск</kwd><kwd>мультипликативная зависимость</kwd><kwd>аддитивная зависимость</kwd><kwd>доза</kwd><kwd>протяжённое воздействие</kwd><kwd>зависимость доза - эффект</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epidemiological study</kwd><kwd>ionizing radiation</kwd><kwd>harmful chemical substance</kwd><kwd>risk</kwd><kwd>dose-effect relationship</kwd><kwd>multiplicative dependence</kwd><kwd>additive dependence</kwd><kwd>dose</kwd><kwd>extended exposure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рахманин Ю.А., Демин В.Ф., Иванов С.И. 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