<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-7-748-753</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-366</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POPULATION HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гигиенические аспекты информационно-технологической зависимости человека в новой реальности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygienic aspects of the information and technological person’s addiction in the new reality</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6252-8551</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дружилов</surname><given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Druzhilov</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. психол. наук, доц., вед. науч. сотр. отд. экологии человека ФГБНУ «НИИ комплексных проблем гигиены и профессиональных заболеваний», 654041, Новокузнецк.</p><p>e-mail: druzhilov@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., Associate professor, leading researcher of the Department for human ecology, Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 23, Kutuzova Str., Novokuznetsk, 654041, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: druzhilov@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">druzhilov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем гигиены и профессиональных заболеваний»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>748</fpage><lpage>753</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дружилов С.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дружилов С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Druzhilov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/366">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/366</self-uri><abstract><p>Распространение информационных технологий приводит к негативным последствиям, связанным с влиянием на здоровье индивидуума и на общественное здоровье. Появились новые поведенческие зависимости - информационно-технологические. Объективные причины их появления - в изменениях, происходящих в социуме. Они связаны с информатизацией и глобализацией постиндустриального общества. Меняются критерии избыточного использования Интернета. Виртуальное пространство предстаёт значимой частью жизненной реальности. Повсеместным является регулярное пользование Интернетом. Навязываемые посредством информационных технологий образ жизни и мировоззрение могут быть разрушительными для личности. Задача гигиенической науки - профилактировать психологическое неблагополучие человека в новых условиях. Целью статьи является рассмотрение воззрений на зависимость человека от Интернета, рисков аддикций, а также возможностей возникновения психологического неблагополучия в результате воздействия информационных технологий. Представлено современное понимание феномена информационно-технологических зависимостей. Выделены два концептуальных подхода к рассмотрению феномена: как психической патологии и как состояния человека в континууме его нормального поведения в новых жизненных реалиях. Приводятся статистические данные, характеризующие проникновение соцсетей в российское общество и количественные характеристики использования Интернета. Компьютерные технологии могут быть для человека «психическим убежищем». Однако социальные сети обеспечивают пользователям изоляцию в их собственных социокультурных оболочках. Изменились границы нормы и патологии использования Интернета. Индикаторами перерастания увлечённости Интернетом в аддикцию является изменение мотивов и целей его использования. Фактором риска для психологического благополучия человека является подверженность манипулятивным информационным воздействиям в Интернете. Соцсети являются пространством и средством таких воздействий.</p><p>Заключение. Приведено различие между здоровым и нездоровым пользованием Сетью. Показано, что опасность для большинства пользователей Интернета представляют не аддикции, а подверженность информационо-психологическим воздействиям. Раскрывается, что в соцсетях заложена возможность целенаправленных воздействий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The spread of information technologies leads to negative consequences associated with the impact on the health of the individual and public health. There are new behavioral addictions, namely information and technological ones. The objective reasons for their occurrence are in the changes taking place in society. They are associated with the informatization and globalization of the post-industrial society. The criteria for excessive use of the Internet are changing. Virtual space appears as a significant part of life reality. Ubiquitous is the regular use of the Internet. Imposed by information technologies lifestyle and worldview can be destructive for the individual. The task of hygienic science is to prevent the psychological distress of a person in new conditions. The purpose of the article is to consider the views of a person’s Internet addiction, the risks, as well as the possibility of psychological distress resulting from the impact of information technologies. Comparative analysis of the views of various authors and their theoretical generalization. A current understanding of the phenomenon of information and technological dependencies is presented. Two conceptual approaches to the consideration of the phenomenon are identified: as a mental pathology and as a person’s state in the continuum of his normal behavior in new life realities. Statistical data characterizing the penetration of social networks into Russian society and quantitative characteristics of the use of the Internet are given. Computer technologies can be a “mental retreat” for humans. However, social networks provide users with isolation in their own socio-cultural shells. The boundaries of the norms and pathologies of Internet use have changed. Indices of overgrowing of enthusiasm for the Internet in addiction are a change in the motives and goals of its use. A risk factor for the psychological well-being of a person is an exposure to manipulative informational influences on the Internet. Social networks are the space and means of such exposure.</p><p>Conclusion. The difference between healthy and unhealthy use of the Network is given. The danger for the majority of Internet users was shown not to be an addiction, but exposure to information and psychological effects. It is revealed that in social networks there is a possibility of targeted impacts.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>информационные технологии</kwd><kwd>поведенческие зависимости</kwd><kwd>виртуальное пространство</kwd><kwd>интернет-аддикции</kwd><kwd>социальные сети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>information technologies</kwd><kwd>behavioral dependencies</kwd><kwd>virtual space</kwd><kwd>Internet addiction</kwd><kwd>social networks</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рахманин Ю.А. Актуализация проблем экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды и пути их решения. Гигиена и санитария. 2012; (5): 4-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakhmanin Yu.A. Updating the problems of human ecology and environmental health and the ways of solving them. Gigiena i sanitariya [Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal]. 2012; (5): 4-8. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дружилов С.А. Современная информационная среда и экология человека: психологические аспекты. Гигиена и санитария. 2018; 97(7): 597-603. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-7-597-603</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Druzhilov S.A. Contemporary information environment and human ecology: psychological aspects. Gigiena i sanitariya [Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal]. 2018; 97(7): 597-603. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-7-597-603 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карелин А.О. Информационные факторы риска в постиндустриальном обществе. Вестник РГМУ. 2013; (5-6): 111-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karelin A.O. Information risk factors in post-industrial society. Vestnik Rossiyskogo gosudarstvennogo meditsinskogo universiteta. 2013; (5-6): 111-3. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Денисов Э.И., Прокопенко Л.В., Еремин А.Л., Курьеров Н.Н., Бодякин В.И., Степанян И.В. Информация как физический фактор: проблемы измерения, гигиенической оценки и ИТ-автоматизации. Медицина труда и промышленная экология. 2014; (1): 36-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denisov E.I., Prokopenko L.V., Eremin A.L., Kur’yerov N.N., Bodyakin V.I., Stepanyan I.V. Information as a physical factor: problems of measurement, hygienic assessment and IT automation. Meditsina truda i promyshlennaia ekologiia. 2014; (1): 36-43. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Griffiths M.D. Technological addictions. Clin Psychol Forum. 1995; 76: 14-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Griffiths M.D. Technological addictions. Clin Psychol Forum. 1995; 76: 14-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Денисов Э.И., Еремин А.Л. Информация, здоровье, инновации: гигиенические аспекты. Вестник РГМУ. 2013; (5-6): 114-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denisov E.I., Eremin A.L. Information, health, innovation: hygienic aspects. Vestnik Rossiyskogo gosudarstvennogo meditsinskogo universiteta. 2013; (5-6): 114-8. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Менделевич В.Д. Фейк-диагнозы в психиатрических классификациях. Неврологический Вестник. Журнал имени В.М. Бехтерева. 2018; 50 (4): 15-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mendelevich V.D. Fake diagnoses in psychiatric classifications. Nevrologicheskiy Vestnik. Zhurnal imeni V.M. Bekhtereva. 2018; 50 (4): 15-8. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Young K.S. Psychology of computer use: XL. Addictive use of the internet: a case that breaks the stereotype. Psychol Rep. 1996; 79(3 Pt 1): 899-902</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Young K.S. Psychology of computer use: XL. Addictive use of the internet: a case that breaks the stereotype. Psychol Rep. 1996; 79(3 Pt 1): 899-902.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Янг К.С. Клинические аспекты интернет-зависимого поведения. Медицинская психология в России: научный сетевой журнал. 2015; (4). URL: http://mprj.ru/archiv_global/2015_4_33/nomer10.php</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Young K.S. Clinical aspects of Internet addiction disorder. Meditsinskaya psikhologiya v Rossii: nauchnyy setevoy zhurnal. 2015; (4). Available at: http://mprj.ru/archiv_global/2015_4_33/nomer10.php (in Russian; in English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moreno М.А., Jelenchick L.A., Christakis D.A. Problematic internet use among older adolescents: A conceptual framework. Computers in Human Behavior. 2013; 29(4); 1879-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.053</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moreno М.А., Jelenchick L.A., Christakis D.A. Problematic internet use among older adolescents: A conceptual framework. Computers in Human Behavior. 2013; 29(4); 1879-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.053</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hall A., Parsons J. Internet Addiction: College Student case study using best practices in cognitive behavior therapy. J Mental Health Couns. 2001; 23 (4): 312-27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hall A., Parsons J. Internet Addiction: College Student case study using best practices in cognitive behavior therapy. J Mental Health Couns. 2001; 23 (4): 312-27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caplan S.E. Problematic Internet use and psychosocial well-being: Development of a theory-based cognitive behavioral measurement instrument. Computers in Human Behavior. 2002; 18(5): 553-75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caplan S.E. Problematic Internet use and psychosocial well-being: Development of a theory-based cognitive behavioral measurement instrument. Computers in Human Behavior. 2002; 18(5): 553-75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bianchi A., Phillips J.C. Psychological predictors of problem mobile phone use. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2005; 8(1): 39-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bianchi A., Phillips J.C. Psychological predictors of problem mobile phone use. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2005; 8(1): 39-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morahan-Martin J. Internet abuse: Emerging trends and lingering questions. In: Psychological Aspects of Cyberspace: Theory, Research, Applications. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press; 2008: 32-69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morahan-Martin J. Internet abuse: Emerging trends and lingering questions. In: Psychological Aspects of Cyberspace: Theory, Research, Applications. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press; 2008: 32-69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пережогин Л.О., Вострокнутов Н.В. Нехимическая зависимость в детской психиатрической практике. Российский психиатрический журнал. 2009; (4): 86-91</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perezhogin L.O., Vostroknutov N.V. Non-chemical addictions in pediatric psychiatric practice. Rossiyskiy psikhiatricheskiy zhurnal. 2009; (4): 86-91. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larkin M., Wood R.T., Griffiths M.D. Toward addiction as relationship. Addiction Research and Theory. 2006; 14(3): 207-15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larkin M., Wood R.T., Griffiths M.D. Toward addiction as relationship. Addiction Research and Theory. 2006; 14(3): 207-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Солдаткин В.А., Дьяченко А.В., Мавани Д.Ч. Концепции формирования компьютерной зависимости. Социальная и клиническая психиатрия. 2013; 23(3): 104-10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soldatkin V.A., Dyachenko A.V., Mavani D.Ch. The concepts of computer addiction development. Sotsial’naya i klinicheskaya psikhiatriya. 2013; 23(3): 104-10. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schimmenti A., Caretti V. Psychic retreats or psychic pits?: Unbearable States of Mind and Technological Addiction. Psychoanalitic Psychology. 2010; 27(2): 115-32. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019414</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schimmenti A., Caretti V. Psychic retreats or psychic pits?: Unbearable States of Mind and Technological Addiction. Psychoanalitic Psychology. 2010; 27(2): 115-32. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019414</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Паризер Е. За стеной фильтров: что Интернет скрывает от вас? М.: Альпина Бизнес Букс, 2012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pariser E. The Filter Bubble: What the Internet is hiding from you. N.Y.: Penguin Press, 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">How technology changes everything (and nothing) in psychology. 2008 annual report of the APA Policy and Planning Board. American Psychologist. 2009; 64(5): 454-63</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">How technology changes everything (and nothing) in psychology. 2008 annual report of the APA Policy and Planning Board. American Psychologist. 2009; 64(5): 454-63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Емелин В.А., Тхостов А.Ш., Рассказова Е.И. Психологические факторы развития и хронификации технологических зависимостей. Психологuческая наука и образование. Электронный журнал. www.psyedu.ru 2013; (1). URL: http://psyjournals.ru/psyedu_ru/2013/n1/59107.shtml</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emelin V.A., Tkhostov A.Sh., Rasskazova E.I. Psychological factors of development and chronicity of technological addictions. Psychological Science and Education. Electronic journal [Psikhologucheskaya nauka i obrazovanie. Elektronnyy zhurnal]. 2013; (1). Available at: http://psyjournals.ru/psyedu_ru/2013/n1/59107.shtml (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лиотар Ж.-Ф. Состояние постмодерна. М.: Алетейя, 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyotard J.-F. La Condition postmoderne. Rapport sur le savoir. Paris: Editions de Minuit; 1979.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цели использования Интернета населением. В кн.: Информационное общество в Российской Федерации: статистический сборник. М.: НИУ ВШЭ; 2018: 54-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Objectives of the use of the Internet by the population. In: Information society in the Russian Federation: a statistical compilation [Informatsionnoye obshchestvo v Rossiyskoy Federatsii: statisticheskiy sbornik]. Moscow: NIU VShE; 2018: 54-6. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Еремин А.Л. Влияние информационной среды на здоровье населения. Проблемы социальной гигиены, здравоохранения и истории медицины. 2000; (6): 21-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eremin A.L. The impact of the information environment on public health. Problemy sotsial’noy gigieny, zdravookhraneniya i istorii meditsiny. 2000; (6): 21-4. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Денисов Э.И., Еремин А.Л. Информация, здоровье, инновации: гигиенические аспекты. Вестник РГМУ. 2013; (5-6): 114-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denisov E.I., Eremin A.L. Information, health, innovation: hygienic aspects. Vestnik Rossiyskogo gosudarstvennogo meditsinskogo universiteta. 2013; (5-6): 114-8. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weinstein A., Lejoyeux M. Internet addiction or Excessive Internet Use. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2010; 36(5); 277-83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weinstein A., Lejoyeux M. Internet addiction or Excessive Internet Use. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2010; 36(5); 277-83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Widyanto L., Griffiths M., Brunsden V. A psychometric comparison of the Internet Addiction Test, the Internet-Related Problem Scale and self-diagnosis. Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking. 2011; 14(3): 141-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Widyanto L., Griffiths M., Brunsden V. A psychometric comparison of the Internet Addiction Test, the Internet-Related Problem Scale and self-diagnosis. Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking. 2011; 14(3): 141-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Солдатова Г.У., Рассказова Е.И. Чрезмерное использование интернета: факторы и признаки. Психологический журнал. 2013; 34(4): 105-13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soldatova G.U., Rasskazova E.I. Excessive use of the Internet: factors and signs. Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal. 2013; 34(4): 105-13. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wardle C., Derakhshan H. Information Disorder. Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policymaking. Council of Europe report DGI(2017)09. Published by the Council of Europe F-67075. Strasbourg-Cedex, 2017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wardle C., Derakhshan H. Information Disorder. Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policymaking. Council of Europe report DGI(2017)09. Published by the Council of Europe F-67075. Strasbourg-Cedex, 2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Саяпин В.О. Смысловые реалии виртуальной пропаганды в сети Интернет. European Social Science Journal. 2014; (1-2): 23-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sayapin V.O. Semantic realities of virtual propaganda on the Internet. European Social Science Journal. 2014; (1-2): 23-9. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
