medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-1-14-21ajmpqpmedlit-3683Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENEПневмония у детей до и во время пандемии COVID-19: исследование с учётом климатических изменений и экологических аспектов в ИндонезииPneumonia in children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observation from a climate change and environmental perspective in IndonesiaФатмаРоса К.FatmaRosa K.

S.KM., эпидемиолог, полевой эпидемиолог, Первичная медико-санитарная помощь Ложеджера, Департамент здравоохранения Джембера, 68162, Джембер, Индонезия.

e-mail: rosa.kumala19@gmail.com

S.KM., Epidemiologist, Field Epidemiologist, Lojejer Primary Health Care, Jember Health Department, 68162, Jember, Indonesia.

e-mail: rosa.kumala19@gmail.com

rosa.kumala19@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6265-3064АкбарКурниа А.AkbarKurnia A.

Asst Prof., Jl. Kalimantan No. 42, Krajan Timur, Sumbersari, Kec. Sumbersari, Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia, 68121.

e-mail: ardiansyah_akbar@unej.ac.id

Ph.D., Asst. Prof, Faculty of Public Health, Jember University, 68121, Jember, Indonesia.

e-mail: ardiansyah_akbar@unej.ac.id

ardiansyah_akbar@unej.ac.idПервичное медицинское обслуживание в Лоджеджер (Lojejer), Депарамент здравоохранения ДжембераИндонезияLojejer Primary Health Care, Jember Health DepartmentIndonesiaФакультет охраны здоровья населения, Джемберовский университетИндонезияFaculty of Public Health, Jember UniversityIndonesia20241202202410311421Copyright © Фатма Р.К., Акбар К.А., 20242024Фатма Р.К., Акбар К.А.Fatma R.K., Akbar K.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3683Введение

Введение. Пневмония является второй по значимости причиной детской смертности в Индонезии. Пандемия COVID-19 в Индонезии привела к осложнению ситуации с респираторными заболеваниями детей.

Цель исследования — изучить заболеваемость детей пневмонией с учётом климатических изменений и меняющейся экологической обстановки в Индонезии до и во время пандемии COVID-19.

Методы исследования

Методы исследования. Данное исследование представляет собой ретроспективное лонгитюдное исследование, проведённое в период 2017–2020 гг. Территория исследования находится в Индонезии. В исследование включены все провинции и города Индонезии. Число детей, обследуемых каждый год, составляет 30,73 млн. Наблюдения за качеством атмосферного воздуха, температурой и количеством осадков проводились на 185 станциях наблюдения, расположенных по всей территории Индонезии.

Результаты

Результаты. В Индонезии в период пандемии COVID-19 число случаев пневмонии у детей сократилось на 39,42% с 2017 г. (511 434 случая) до 2020 г. (309 838 случаев), а смертность снизилась на 47,06%. Качество атмосферного воздуха ухудшилось на 51,64% в период до начала пандемии (2017–2019 гг.) и заметно улучшилось в 2020 г. В то же время температура и количество осадков, которые снизились в 2017–2019 гг., резко возросли в 2020 г.: количество осадков составило 524 мм, а температура повысилась на 0,7 °C по сравнению с 2019 г.

Ограничения исследования

Ограничения исследования. Детальный анализ и осторожная интерпретация необходимы из-за сложных, наводящих на размышления связей между качеством воздуха, климатом, поведением и здоровьем органов дыхания, выявленных в этом исследовании, особенно во время пандемии.

Заключение

Заключение. Пандемия вызвала непредвиденные изменения. Сокращение числа случаев заболевания коррелирует с улучшением качества воздуха благодаря локдаунам и поведенческим изменениям, а увеличение температуры и осадков, возможно, препятствует распространению патогенов.

Соответствие этическим стандартам. Данное исследование получило этическое одобрение Комитета по этике медицинских исследований в Индонезии № 2245/UN25.8/KEPK/DL/2023.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:Фатма Р.К. — концепция, обработка данных, методология, информационное наполнение, руководство, анализ, подготовка первоначального варианта, написание обзора и редактирование;Акбар К.А. — анализ, исследование, методология, программное обеспечение, визуализация, доработка первоначального проекта, обзор и редактирование.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Поступила

Поступила: 19.10.2023 / Принята к печати: 21.12.2023 / Опубликована: 31.01.2024

 

 

Background

Background. Pneumonia is the second leading cause of child mortality in Indonesia. The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia is increasing a challenging environment for children’s respiratory health.

This study aims to examine pneumonia in children using the perspective of climate change and the changing environment in Indonesia before and during COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. This research is a retrospective longitudinal study conducted during the period 2017–2020. The study area of the study is in Indonesia. All the province and city in Indonesia are included in this study. The number of children surveyed each year is 30.73 million. Outdoor air quality, temperature and rainfall observations were carried out at 185 observation stations spread throughout Indonesia

Results

Results. In Indonesia, child pneumonia cases declined by 39.42% from 2017 (511,434 cases) to 2020 (309,838 cases) during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a 47.06% decrease in mortality. Outdoor air quality worsened by 51.64% pre-pandemic (2017–2019), improving notably in 2020. Conversely, temperature and rainfall, which decreased before 2017–2019, sharply increased in 2020, with rainfall at 524 mm and temperatures rising by 0.7°C compared to 2019.

Limitations

Limitations. A detailed analysis and cautious interpretation are necessary due to the complex, suggestive links between air quality, climate, behavior, and respiratory health highlighted in this study, especially during the pandemic.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The pandemic triggered unexpected shifts. Reduced cases correlated with better air quality due to lockdowns and behavior changes, while increased temperature and rainfall may have hindered pathogen transmission.

Compliance with ethical standards. This research has received ethical approval from The Health Research Ethics Committee in Indonesia with ethical approval number is No.2245/UN25.8/KEPK/DL/2023.

Contributions

Contributions: Fatma R.K. — conceptualization, data curation, methodology, resources, supervision, validation, writing — original draft preparation, writing — review & editing;Akbar K.A. — formal analysis, investigation, methodology, software, visualization, writing — finalise original draft preparation, writing — review & editing.All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received

Received: October 19, 2023 / Accepted: December 21, 2023 / Published: January 31, 2024

 

 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.