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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-4-288-296</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">pqxmha</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-3972</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEM-SOLVING ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лабилизация структуры ДНК лимфоцитов периферической крови у пациентов с COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Labilization of the DNA structure in peripheral blood lymphocytes of COVID-19 patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-5307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Анна Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>Anna Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, руководитель Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека, Главный государственный санитарный врач Российской Федерации, 127994, Москва, Россия</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0209-9732</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмин</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmin</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, директор ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: kuzmin.sv@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuzmin.sv@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9122-9465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Илюшина</surname><given-names>Наталия Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyushina</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, зав. отд. генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ilushina.na@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilushina.na@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0028-2522</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горенская</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorenskaya</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: gorenskaya.ov@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorenskaya.ov@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-8771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>Ольга Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: egorova.ov@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egorova.ov@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4333-9288</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котнова</surname><given-names>Алина Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotnova</surname><given-names>Alina P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: kotnova.ap@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kotnova.ap@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2973-8776</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аверьянова</surname><given-names>Наталья Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Averianova</surname><given-names>Nataliya S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: averyanova.ns@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">averyanova.ns@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7415-5513</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатьев</surname><given-names>Семен Дмитриевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatyev</surname><given-names>Semen D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ignatev.sd@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ignatev.sd@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8687-6334</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Наталья Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>Nataliya E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зав. ЦКДЛ, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики ГБУЗ МО «Егорьевская больница», 140300, Егорьевск, Россия.</p><p>e-mail: KuznetsovaNaE@mosreg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KuznetsovaNaE@mosreg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5845-7316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобелевская</surname><given-names>Наталья Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobelevskaya</surname><given-names>Nataliya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент, зам. главного врача по медицинской части ГБУЗ МО «Сергиево-Посадская больница», 141301, Сергиев Посад, Россия</p><p>e-mail: kobelevskaya.nat@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kobelevskaya.nat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ МО «Егорьевская ЦРБ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yegoryevskaya Central District Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ МО «Сергиево-Посадская больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sergiev Posad Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>288</fpage><lpage>296</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Попова А.Ю., Кузьмин С.В., Илюшина Н.А., Горенская О.В., Егорова О.В., Котнова А.П., Аверьянова Н.С., Игнатьев С.Д., Кузнецова Н.Е., Кобелевская Н.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попова А.Ю., Кузьмин С.В., Илюшина Н.А., Горенская О.В., Егорова О.В., Котнова А.П., Аверьянова Н.С., Игнатьев С.Д., Кузнецова Н.Е., Кобелевская Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popova A.Y., Kuzmin S.V., Ilyushina N.A., Gorenskaya O.V., Egorova O.V., Kotnova A.P., Averianova N.S., Ignatyev S.D., Kuznetsova N.E., Kobelevskaya N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3972">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/3972</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Имеющиеся данные свидетельствуют о вероятной способности коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 нарушать процессы репарации ДНК, вызывать окислительный стресс, что может приводить к накоплению повреждений ДНК в клетках человека. Однако ДНК-повреждающее действие вируса недостаточно изучено.</p><p>Цель исследования – изучение способности SARS-CoV-2 вызывать повреждения ДНК в лимфоцитах периферической крови человека.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 140 доноров с диагнозом COVID-19 и 24 человека контрольной группы. Уровень фрагментации ДНК в лимфоцитах определяли методом ДНК-комет в щелочной версии. Статистические различия между средними значениями медиан показателя «процент ДНК в хвосте комет» (% ДНКхв) оценивали с помощью t-критерия Стьюдента. Для сравнения долей клеток с разным уровнем повреждения ДНК использовали критерий Джефферса. Статистические различия между группами оценивали с помощью теста Манна – Уитни.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У пациентов с COVID-19 выявлено повышение уровня разрывов и щелочнолабильных сайтов в ДНК по сравнению с контролем (р = 0,025). В группе пациентов, инфицированных SARS-CoV-2, доля комет с повреждениями ДНК до 5% ДНКхв снижалась (р = 0,009). При этом возрастала доля комет, содержащих более 10% ДНКхв (p = 0,000). Количество атипичных комет по сравнению с контролем увеличивалось в 3,7 и 5,9 раза при лёгкой и среднетяжёлой степени тяжести COVID-19, соответственно (r = 0,993; р = 0,001). При наличии хронических заболеваний — ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС) и сахарного диабета II типа (СД2) уровень фрагментации ДНК в лимфоцитах статистически значимо повышался по сравнению с группой пациентов без указанных патологий.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничение исследования</title><p>Ограничение исследования. Ограничением является отсутствие данных о нарушениях структуры ДНК при тяжёлой степени COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Инфекция SARS-CoV-2 приводит к лабилизации структуры ДНК в лимфоцитах периферической крови человека. Уровень повреждений ДНК зависит от степени тяжести COVID-19 и наличия сопутствующих патологий — ИБС и СД2. Результаты исследования важны для понимания механизмов действия вируса на иммунокомпетентные клетки человека.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование проводили в соответствии с этическим стандартом Хельсинкской декларации Всемирной медицинской ассоциации «Этические принципы проведения научных медицинских исследований с участием человека» с поправками 2000 г. Исследование одобрено локальным этическим комитетом ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора (протокол № 8 от 29.09.2022 г.). Все доноры дали информированное согласие на участие в исследовании.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Попова А.Ю., Кузьмин С.В. — концепция исследования;Илюшина Н.А. — дизайн исследования, сбор материала, обработка данных, написание текста;Горенская О.В. — лабораторные исследования, статистическая обработка, написание текста;Егорова О.В. — лабораторные исследования, написание текста;Котнова А.П. — лабораторные исследования, обработка данных;Аверьянова Н.С. — лабораторные исследования;Игнатьев С.Д. — статистическая обработка;Кузнецова Н.Е., Кобелевская Н.В. — сбор материала.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 15.12.2023 / Принята к печати: 09.04.2024 / Опубликована: 08.05.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Available data indicate the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus to be potent of impairing DNA repair processes and cause oxidative stress, which can lead to the accumulation of DNA damage in human cells. However, the DNA-damaging effect of the virus has not yet been sufficiently studied.</p><p>The purpose of the research was to study the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to cause DNA damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. One hundred forty COVID-19 patients and 24 donors of the control group are included in the study. The level of DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes was determined by alkaline DNA-comet assay. Statistical differences between the mean medians of the «%DNA in the comet tail» (tail DNA%) were assessed using Student’s t-test. The Jeffers test was used to compare the proportions of cells with different levels of DNA-damage. Statistical differences between groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the COVID-19 patients, an increase in the level of breaks and alkali-labile sites in DNA was revealed when compared to controls (p = 0.025). In the group of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, the proportion of comets with DNA damage of up to 5% decreased (p = 0.009), while the proportion of comets containing more than 10% DNA tail increased (p = 0.000). The number of atypical comets compared to the control increased by 3.7 and 5.9 times with mild and moderate severity of the disease, respectively (r = 0.993; p = 0.001). In the association with diseases — coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes mellitus type II (DM type 2), the level of DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes statistically significantly increased compared to the group of patients without these diseases.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. A limitation is the lack of data on DNA-structure damage in severe COVID-19 disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to labilization of the DNA structure in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The level of DNA damage depends on the severity of COVID-19 and the presence of comorbid diseases: CHD and DM type 2. The results of the study are important for understanding the mechanisms of action of the virus on human immunocompetent cells.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standard of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki “Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects” as amended in 2000. The study was approved by the local ethics committee (protocol No. 8 of September 29, 2022). All donors gave informed consents to participate in the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution:Popova A.Yu., Kuzmin S.V. — concept of the study;Ilyushina N.A. — concept of the study, collection of material, data processing, writing text;Gorenskaya O.V. — laboratory research, statistical processing, text writing;Egorova O.V. — laboratory research, text writing;Kotnova A.P. — laboratory research, data processing;Averianova N.S. — laboratory research;Ignatyev S.D. — statistical processing;Kuznetsova N.E., Kobelevskaya N.V. — collection of material.All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: December 15, 2023 / Accepted: April 9/ Published: May 8, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>повреждение ДНК</kwd><kwd>ДНК-кометы</kwd><kwd>лимфоциты человека</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2-го типа</kwd><kwd>ишемическая болезнь сердца</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>DNA damage</kwd><kwd>DNA-comets</kwd><kwd>human lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>coronary heart disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дурнев А.Д., Жанатаев А.К. Актуальные аспекты генетической токсикологии лекарственных средств. Ведомости Научного центра экспертизы средств медицинского применения. 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