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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-9-943-948</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-398</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Выживаемость бактерий при моделировании ограждающих поверхностей сооружений для солетерапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Survival of bacteria in a simulation of surrounding surfaces of constructions for salt therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-4823</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Марина Валентиновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор кафедры микробиологии и вирусологии ФГБОУ ВО «ПГМУ им. академика Е.А. Вагнера» МЗ РФ, 614000, Пермь; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной микробиологии и биотехнологии «ИЭГМ УрО РАН» – филиала ФГБУН «ПФИЦ» УрО РАН, 614081, Пермь.</p><p>e-mail: mar@iegm.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., professor of the Department of microbiology and virology of the E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University the Russian Federation, Perm, 614000, Russian Federation; leading researcher of the laboratory of molecular microbiology and biotechnology of the Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch of RAS, Perm, 614081, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: mar@iegm.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mar@iegm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-101X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маммаева</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mammaeva</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4840-7788</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранников</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barannikov</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6306-1757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириченко</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirichenko</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. Вагнера» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; «Институт экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения Российской академии наук» - филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки «Пермский федеральный исследовательский центр» Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University; Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch of RAS</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. Вагнера» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>943</fpage><lpage>948</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузнецова М.В., Маммаева М.Г., Баранников В.Г., Кириченко Л.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузнецова М.В., Маммаева М.Г., Баранников В.Г., Кириченко Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuznetsova M.V., Mammaeva M.G., Barannikov V.G., Kirichenko L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/398">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/398</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Наземные сооружения для солетерапии, отличающиеся по составу минералов и модификации лечебных поверхностей, активно используются в России и за рубежом. Абиотические поверхности данных устройств подвержены микробному загрязнению, источниками которого являются верхние дыхательные пути, кожные покровы пациентов и медицинского персонала.</p><p>Цель работы – оценить жизнеспособность микроорганизмов на абиотических поверхностях, идентичных материалу для изготовления соляных физиотерапевтических сооружений.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Выживаемость референтных и изолированных из соляных помещений грамположительных и грамотрицательных культур микроорганизмов оценивали через 6 и 24 ч после нанесения на абиотические поверхности с различным рельефом. Жизнеспособные клетки определяли методом децимальных разведений по числу колониеобразующих единиц.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлено, что клетки бактерий могут сохраняться на галите и различных поверхностях сильвинита не менее суток. Показатель жизнеспособности микроорганизмов не зависел от соотношения минералов (галит/сильвин) в образцах. Значимым фактором для выживаемости бактерий была структура поверхности сильвинита: наибольшее количество микроорганизмов сохранялось на дроблёном сильвините (7,98E+02 ± 1,62E+03 КОЕ/мл). Несмотря на большую выживаемость стафилококков по сравнению с грамотрицательными условно патогенными бактериями на всех исследованных поверхностях, достоверных различий между группами не выявлено. При этом бактерии, изолированные из соляных сооружений, были более устойчивы к солевой нагрузке, что обусловлено адаптивной модификацией микроорганизмов, в том числе за счёт увеличения гидрофобности клеточной стенки, повышающей их способность к выживанию. Бактерии, выращенные на агаризованной среде, оказались более толерантными к условиям осмотического стресса. Полученные данные подтверждают зависимость адаптивных механизмов от условий окружающей среды и исходного физиологического состояния клеток. Результаты исследований по выживаемости бактерий на соляных поверхностях различных типов свидетельствуют об их устойчивости к высоким концентрациям солей, что ставит вопрос о специальных методах обработки ограждений сооружений для солетерапии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Ground constructions for salt therapy, which differ in the composition of minerals and in the modification of therapeutic surfaces, are actively used in Russia and abroad. The abiotic surfaces of these devices are susceptible to microbial contamination, the sources of which are the upper respiratory tract, the skin of patients and medical staff. </p><p>The aim of the work is to assess the viability of microorganisms on abiotic surfaces identical to the material for the manufacture of salt physiotherapy constructions. </p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. 6 and 24 hours after application to abiotic surfaces with different relief there was evaluated the survival rate of reference gram-positive and gram-negative cultures of microorganisms and isolated ones from salt rooms. Viable cells were determined by the method of decimal dilutions in terms of the number of colonies-forming units (CFU). </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was found that bacterial cells can preserve at the halite and various surfaces of sylvinite for at least 24 hours. The viability of microorganisms was independent of the ratio of minerals (halite/sylvin) in the samples. The structure of the surface of sylvinite: the largest number of microorganisms was retained on crushed sylvinite (7.98E+02 ± 1.62E+03 CFU/ml was a significant factor for the survival of bacteria. Despite a great survival of staphylococci in comparison with gram-negative opportunistic pathogenic bacteria on all the surfaces studied, no significant differences between the groups were detected. In this case, bacteria isolated from salt structures were more resistant to salt load due to adaptive modification of microorganisms, including increasing the hydrophobicity of the cell wall, increasing their ability to survive. Bacteria grown on a solid agar medium proved to be more tolerant of the conditions of osmotic stress. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The obtained data confirm the dependence of the adaptive mechanisms on the environmental conditions and the initial physiological state of cells. The results of studies on the survival of bacteria on salt surfaces of various types indicate their resistance to high concentrations of salts, which raises the question of special methods for treating fences of salt therapy structures.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сильвинит</kwd><kwd>галит</kwd><kwd>рельеф поверхности</kwd><kwd>жизнеспособность микроорганизмов</kwd><kwd>гидрофобность клеточной стенки бактерий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sylvinite</kwd><kwd>halite</kwd><kwd>surface relief</kwd><kwd>viability of microorganisms</kwd><kwd>hydrophobicity of the bacterial cell wall</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жарин В.А., Метельский С.М., Решетникова Н.В., Федорович С.В. Спелеотерапия: прошлое и настоящее. 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