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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-9-972-977</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-403</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунологические показатели у работников различных животноводческих производств</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunological indices in workers of various livestock productions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0195-8862</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масягутова</surname><given-names>Ляйля Марселевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Masyagutova</surname><given-names>Lyaylya M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, зав. отделением лабораторных методов исследований ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, г. Уфа.</p><p>e-mail: kdl.ufa@rambler.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., Head of the Department of Laboratory Research Methods of the Ufa Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: kdl.ufa@rambler.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kdl.ufa@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7900-233X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакиров</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakirov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное бюджетное учреждение науки «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда и экологии человека»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>972</fpage><lpage>977</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Масягутова Л.М., Бакиров А.Б., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Масягутова Л.М., Бакиров А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Masyagutova L.M., Bakirov A.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/403">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/403</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Условия труда работников животноводческих производств не исключают негативного воздействия вредного биологического фактора рабочей среды. Наличие сапрофитных микроорганизмов в воздухе рабочей зоны может способствовать формированию воспалительной патологии на фоне нарушения иммунного гомеостаза. Необходимость динамического контроля состояния иммунной системы обусловливает потребность выбора тестов в условиях медицинских осмотров работников животноводческих комплексов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Изучены условия труда, состояние здоровья и иммунной системы работников различных животноводческих комплексов; проведён анализ микробиологической обсеменённости воздушной среды производственных помещений; сформированы группы обследованных в зависимости от уровня микробиологического риска.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проведённые гигиенические исследования свидетельствуют, что на животноводческих предприятиях преобладают: производственный шум; аэрозоли, состоящие из пыли растительного и животного происхождения; различные химические вещества, микроклимат производственных помещений, а также тяжесть труда. В воздушной среде изученных производств выявлено повышенное содержание условно патогенных микроорганизмов (возбудителей оппортунистических инфекций). Выявлены разномодальные отклонения показателей иммунного статуса в ответ на микробную нагрузку. Установлена зависимость между уровнем суммарной микробной нагрузки и показателями неспецифической резистентности у работников различных животноводческих производств.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Воздействие микробного загрязнения воздушной среды способствует формированию дисбаланса иммунорегуляторных механизмов как на местном, так и на системном уровне. Уровень суммарной микробиологической нагрузки формирует потенциальный риск срыва компенсаторно-приспособительных и адаптационных механизмов. Разработка и научное обоснование методических подходов по выбору и использованию диагностических тестов в условиях массового медицинского осмотра являются основой для динамического контроля состояния иммунной системы работников животноводческих комплексов при превышении уровня микробной нагрузки условно патогенными микроорганизмами.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The working conditions of livestock workers do not exclude the negative impact of the harmful biological factor of the work environment. Against the background of impaired immune homeostasis, the presence of saprophytic microorganisms in the working area air can contribute to the development of inflammatory pathology. The dynamic monitoring of the state of the immune system is needed due to the choice of tests in the conditions of health examinations of livestock workers.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Working conditions, the state of health and the immune system of various livestock workers have been studied; analysis of the microbiological contamination of the work environment air has been conducted; patient groups according to the level of microbiological risk have been formed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The hygienic studies conducted indicate industrial noise; aerosols in the form of a dust of plant and animal origin on the basis of grain; certain hazardous chemicals; the microclimate of production facilities, as well as the burden of labor to predominate in the livestock enterprises. In the work environment air, increased content of opportunistic microorganisms (pathogens of opportunistic infections) has been detected. Different modal abnormalities of immune status indices in response to microbial load have been revealed. The relationship between the quantitative characteristic of the total microbial load and the state of the immune system among workers in various livestock production has been established.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The biological factor is a risk factor for the formation of different levels of both systemic and local disorders of the immune regulation. The potential risk for failure of compensatory-adaptive and adaptive mechanisms increases in proportion to the degree of total microbiological stress. Under conditions of increased microbiological risk, the dynamic control of workers’ immune system becomes important, which requires substantiation and development of adequate methodological approaches to the choice and use of diagnostic procedures and tests for mass health check-ups of livestock workers.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунный статус организма</kwd><kwd>воздух рабочей зоны</kwd><kwd>условно патогенная и сапрофитная микрофлора</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the body immune status</kwd><kwd>work environment air</kwd><kwd>opportunistic and saprophytic microflora</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попова А.Ю. Проблемы и тенденции профессиональной заболеваемости работников сельского хозяйства Российской Федерации. 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