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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-5-462-467</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">kuorjo</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4050</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Профессиональные факторы риска для здоровья работников литейных производств предприятий машиностроения (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Occupational risk factors for the health of workers in foundries of mechanical engineering enterprises (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9798-3151</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алешина</surname><given-names>Юлия Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleshina</surname><given-names>Yulia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">julita-80@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1463-0559</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Тамара Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>Tamara A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">novikovata-saratov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Саратовский медицинский научный центр гигиены ФБУН «ФНЦ медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>462</fpage><lpage>467</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алешина Ю.А., Новикова Т.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алешина Ю.А., Новикова Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aleshina Y.A., Novikova T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4050">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4050</self-uri><abstract><p>Профилактика болезней, ассоциированных с условиями труда, является приоритетной мерой сохранения здоровья и продления трудового долголетия работающих. Проведён поиск публикаций за 2003–2023 гг., содержащихся в российских и международных базах данных Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, CyberLeninka, РИНЦ, описывающих характеристику факторов рабочей среды и трудового процесса и их воздействие на здоровье работников литейных производств предприятий машиностроения. Установлено, что основными вредными (классы 3.1–3.3) факторами рабочей среды и трудового процесса в литейном производстве предприятий машиностроения являются шум, вибрация общая и локальная, нагревающий микроклимат, кремнийсодержащая пыль, химические вещества ‒ углерода оксид, азота оксиды, серы диоксид, пары тяжёлых металлов, акролеин и физические перегрузки. В структуре профессиональной заболеваемости работников основная доля нозологий приходилась на хронический токсико-пылевой бронхит (38,4–61,68%), силикоз (10–16,82%), нейросенсорную тугоухость (12,15–42,8%) и вибрационную болезнь (4,6–9,35%). Силикоз чаще регистрировали у земледелов, стерженщиков, формовщиков и чистильщиков, а нейросенсорную тугоухость и вибрационную болезнь ‒ у формовщиков, обрубщиков. Выявлена профессиональная полиморбидность профессиональных заболеваний, обусловленная сочетанным воздействием нескольких вредных производственных факторов. В результате одновременного воздействия разнородных факторов у работников также возможно развитие нескольких болезней, как профессиональных, так и производственно обусловленных. Однако оценка причинно-следственных связей нарушений здоровья с воздействием факторов условий труда до настоящего времени в научных исследованиях не нашла должного отражения.</p><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Для разработки обоснованных индивидуальных и групповых медико-профилактических и оздоровительных программ для работников литейных производств необходимы проведение комплексных клинико-лабораторных исследований и эпидемиологическая оценка причинно-следственных связей нарушений здоровья с условиями труда.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Алешина Ю.А. ‒ обзор и анализ данных, написание текста; Новикова Т.А. ‒ дизайн и концепция исследования, редактирование, оформление статьи. Все соавторы ‒ утверждение окончательного варианта, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 16.02.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 01.03.2024 / Принята к печати: 09.04.2024 / Опубликована: 17.06.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Prevention of diseases associated with working conditions is a priority measure to preserve the health and extend the working life of workers.</p><p>A search was carried out for reports during 2003–2023, contained in Russian and international databases: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, CyberLeninka, RSCI, describing the characteristics of factors in the working environment and the labour process and their impact on the health of workers in foundries of mechanical engineering enterprises.</p><p>The main harmful (classes 3.1–3.3) factors of the working environment and labour process in the foundry production of machine-building enterprises were established to be noise, general and local vibration, heating microclimate, silicon-containing dust, chemicals - carbon oxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, heavy vapours metals, acrolein, etc., physical overload. In the structure of occupational morbidity among workers, the main share of nosologies accounted for chronic toxic dust bronchitis (38.4–61.68%), silicosis (10-16.82%), sensorineural hearing loss (12.15–42.8%), and vibration disease (4.6–9.35). Silicosis was more often recorded in farmers, core workers, molders, cleaners, sensorineural hearing loss and vibration disease – in molders and trimmers. Occupational polymorbidity of occupational diseases caused by the combined influence of several harmful production factors was revealed. As a result of simultaneous exposure to heterogeneous production factors, workers may also develop several, both occupational and work-related, general diseases. However, the assessment of the cause-and-effect relationships of health disorders with the influence of factors in the working environment has not yet been properly reflected in scientific research. </p><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. To develop reasonable individual and group medical, preventive, and health programs for foundry workers, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive clinical and laboratory studies and assess the cause-and-effect relationships of health problems with working conditions.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Aleshina Yu.A. ‒ Review and analysis of data, writing text; Novikova T.A. ‒ research design and concept, editing, preparation of the article. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: February 16, 2024 / Revised: March 1, 2024 / Accepted: April 9, 2024 / Published: June 17, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>литейное производство</kwd><kwd>факторы условий труда</kwd><kwd>профессиональный риск для здоровья</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>foundry</kwd><kwd>working conditions factors</kwd><kwd>occupational health risk</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бозо Н.В., Малышева Е.В., Филатьева Н.А. Состояние машиностроения в современной российской экономике. Идеи и идеалы. 2020; 12(4–2): 277–90. https://doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2020-12.4.2-277-290 https://elibrary.ru/xxfuwh</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bozo N.V, Malysheva E.V., Filat’eva N.A. 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