<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-5-468-476</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ijqrvp</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4051</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Физиолого-гигиеническая оценка использования в старшей школе технологий виртуальной реальности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Physiological and hygienic assessment of usage of virtual reality technologies in high school</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-5546</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучма</surname><given-names>Владислав Ремирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuchma</surname><given-names>Vladislav R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-2989</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапонова</surname><given-names>Евгения Дмитриевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Laponova</surname><given-names>Evgeniya D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2138-2282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Платонов</surname><given-names>Олег Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Platonov</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">platonov_o_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0079-240X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седова</surname><given-names>Анна Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sedova</surname><given-names>Anna S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0178-0574</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>Анна Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>Anna Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9560-2802</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бирюкова</surname><given-names>Наталья Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Biryukova</surname><given-names>Natalya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7446-1004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болдырева</surname><given-names>Мария Георгиевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boldyreva</surname><given-names>Mariya G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0635-075X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тикашкина</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikashkina</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)»; ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Institute for Complex Hygiene Problems of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Complex Hygiene Problems of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service &#13;
for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>468</fpage><lpage>476</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кучма В.Р., Лапонова Е.Д., Платонов О.В., Седова А.С., Макарова А.Ю., Бирюкова Н.В., Болдырева М.Г., Тикашкина О.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кучма В.Р., Лапонова Е.Д., Платонов О.В., Седова А.С., Макарова А.Ю., Бирюкова Н.В., Болдырева М.Г., Тикашкина О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuchma V.R., Laponova E.D., Platonov O.V., Sedova A.S., Makarova A.Y., Biryukova N.V., Boldyreva M.G., Tikashkina O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4051">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4051</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Цифровая трансформация образования обусловливает внедрение в образовательный процесс перспективных технологий, к числу которых относятся и не имеющие в настоящее время гигиенической регламентации технологии виртуальной реальности (VR-технологии).</p><p>Цель исследования – физиолого-гигиеническая оценка использования электронных средств обучения, реализующих технологии виртуальной реальности, в рамках профильного образования обучающихся выпускных классов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Объектом исследования являлись 244 обучающихся 11-х классов. Было проведено анкетирование по вопросам использования различных электронных средств обучения (ЭСО). Для оценки влияния VR-технологий на функциональное состояние организма выполняли психофизиологические исследования РДО и КЧСМ, а также оценку умственной работоспособности обучающихся методом корректурных проб. Обследованы две группы школьников, проходящих обучение с применением VR: со временем непрерывного использования менее 30 мин и более 30 мин. Полученные результаты подвергались обработке с использованием методов описательной статистики.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На занятиях 52,7% школьников используют ЭСО более двух часов в день, вне школы – 93,6%. Анализ жалоб позволил предположить развитие компьютерно-зрительного синдрома у 39,7% респондентов. Полученные результаты оценки функционального состояния нервной системы показали наличие изменений в процессах регуляции ЦНС у 42,7% школьников, занимающихся с использованием очков виртуальной реальности (VR-очков). Анализ показателей умственной работоспособности обучающихся выявил наличие изменений, характеризующих развитие высокой степени утомления, у 38,1% обучающихся.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Ограничением исследования является его специфичность в отношении исследуемой образовательной организации, контингента обследуемых лиц, а также технических характеристик исследуемой модели VR-очков.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проведённое исследование показывает, что применение VR-очков в процессе обучения не вызывает функциональных нарушений со стороны ЦНС, зрительного анализатора и нервно-мышечного аппарата. Однако у некоторых школьников наблюдались изменения в процессах регуляции ЦНС и присутствовали маркёры высоких степеней утомления, что указывает на необходимость продолжения исследований.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследования проводились с соблюдением этических норм, изложенных в Хельсинкской декларации Всемирной медицинской ассоциации «Этические принципы проведения научных медицинских исследований с участием человека». Было получено одобрение локального этического комитета ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет) (протокол № 23-22 от 17.11.2022 г.). От добровольцев было получено письменное информированное согласие на участие в исследовании.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Кучма В.Р. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Лапонова Е.Д. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Платонов О.В. – сбор материала и обработка данных, статистическая обработка, написание текста; Седова А.С. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Макарова А.Ю. – редактирование; Бирюкова Н.В. – сбор материала; Болдырева М.Г. – сбор материала и обработка данных, статистическая обработка; Тикашкина О.В. – сбор материала и обработка данных, статистическая обработка. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 15.03.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 05.04.2024 / Принята к печати: 09.04.2024 / Опубликована: 17.06.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Digital transformation of education leads to the introduction of promising digital technologies into the educational process, one of which is virtual reality (VR ) technologies, which currently are not subject to hygienic regulations.</p><p>The purpose of the study is a physiological and hygienic assessment of the use of the electronic learning tools in the framework of specialized education in high school seniors.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The objects of the study were two hundred forty four 11th grade students. A survey was conducted on the use of various electronic learning tools (ELT). To assess the impact of VR technologies on the functional state of students there were conducted psychophysiological studies of response indicators to a moving object and of the critical frequency of merging flashes. Assessment of mental performance was realized with the method of proof-reading tests. Two groups of schoolchildren undergoing VR training were examined: with a continuous use time of less than 30 minutes and more than 30 minutes. The obtained results were statistically processed using descriptive statistics methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. 52.7% of schoolchildren use ELT for more than 2 hours a day in the classroom, 93.6% – outside school. The analysis of complaints suggested the development of computer vision syndrome in 39.7% of respondents. The obtained results of the assessment of the functional state of the central nervous system (CNS) showed the presence of changes in the processes of regulation of the CNS in 42.7% of schoolchildren engaged in using VR glasses. The analysis of the students’ mental performance indicators showed the presence of changes characterizing the development of high degrees of fatigue in 38.1% of students.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The limitation of the study is its specificity in relation to the educational institution under study, the contingent of the examined persons, as well as the technical characteristics of the VR glasses model under study.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The conducted research shows the use of VR glasses in the learning process to cause no functional disorders on the part of the CNS, visual analyzer, and neuromuscular apparatus. However, the presence of schoolchildren who have observed changes in the processes of regulation of the CNS, as well as changes characterizing the development of high degrees of fatigue, predetermine the need to continue research.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was conducted in compliance with the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association. The design of the study was approved by the Local independent ethical committee of the.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) (Protocol No. 23-22 of 11/17/2022). Each participant of the study (or his/her legal representative) gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Kuchma V.R. – the concept and design of the study, editing; Laponova E.D. – the concept and design of the study, editing; Platonov O.V. – collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing text; Sedova A.S. – the concept and design of the study, editing; Makarova A.Yu. – editing; Biryukova N.V. – collection and processing of material; Boldyreva M.G. – collection and processing of material, statistical processing; Tikashkina O.V. – collection and processing of material, statistical processing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: March15, 2024 / Revised: April 5, 2024 / Accepted: April 9, 2024 / Published: June 17, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>состояние здоровья</kwd><kwd>обучающиеся</kwd><kwd>цифровая трансформация образования</kwd><kwd>VR-технологии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>health status</kwd><kwd>students</kwd><kwd>digital transformation of education</kwd><kwd>VR technologies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кучма В.Р., Ткачук Е.А., Шишарина Н.В., Подлиняев О.Л. Гигиеническая оценка инновационных образовательных технологий в начальной школе. Гигиена и санитария. 2019; 98(3): 288–93. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-3-288-293 https://elibrary.ru/clijhv</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuchma V.R., Tkachuk E.A., Shisharina N.V., Podlinyaev O.L. Hygienic evaluation of innovative educational technologies in primary school. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2019; 98(3): 288–93. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-3-288-293 https://elibrary.ru/clijhv (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Степанова М.И., Березина Н.О., Лашнева И.П., Шумкова Т.В. Гигиеническая оценка инновационной педагогической системы начального обучения. Здоровье населения и среда обитания – ЗНиСО. 2018; (8): 44–6. https://doi.org/10.35627/2219-5238/2018-305-8-44-46 https://elibrary.ru/xxhlch</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepanova M.I., Berezina N.O., Lashneva I.P., Shumkova T.V. Hygienic assessment of innovative pedagogical system of the primary education. Zdorov’e naseleniya i sreda obitaniya – ZNiSO. 2018; (8): 44–6. https://doi.org/10.35627/2219-5238/2018-305-8-44-46 https://elibrary.ru/xxhlch (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кучма В.Р. Гигиеническая безопасность гиперинформатизации жизнедеятельности детей. Гигиена и санитария. 2017; 96(11): 1059–63. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-11-1059-1063 https://elibrary.ru/yobwvs</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuchma V.R. The minimization of the impact of information and communication technologies on the health and well-being of children. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2017; 96(11): 1059–63. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-11-1059-1063 https://elibrary.ru/yobwvs (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кучма В.Р., Сухарева Л.М., Степанова М.И., Храмцов П.И., Александрова И.Э., Соколова С.Б. Научные основы и технологии обеспечения гигиенической безопасности детей в «цифровой школе». Гигиена и санитария. 2019; 98(12): 1385–91. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-12-1385-1391 https://elibrary.ru/spgzfl</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuchma V.R., Sukhareva L.M., Stepanova M.I., Khramtsov P.I., Aleksandrova I.E., Sokolova S.B. Scientific bases and technologies of security hygienic safety of children in the “digital school”. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2019; 98(12): 1385–91. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-12-1385-1391 https://elibrary.ru/spgzfl (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александрова И.Э. Гигиенические принципы и технология обеспечения безопасных для здоровья школьников условий обучения в цифровой образовательной среде. Вопросы школьной и университетской медицины и здоровья. 2018; (3): 23–33. https://elibrary.ru/zbuubf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksandrova I.E. Hygienic principles and technology to ensure safety for health of pupils conditions of training in a digital educational environment. Voprosy shkol’noi i universitetskoi meditsiny i zdorov’ya. 2018; (3): 23–33. https://elibrary.ru/zbuubf (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кучма В.Р., Саньков С.В., Барсукова Н.К. Гигиеническая оценка шрифтового оформления электронных текстов, предъявляемых на ноутбуке. Гигиена и санитария. 2019; 98(12): 1402–7. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-12-1402-1407 https://elibrary.ru/tkkuim</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuchma V.R., San’kov S.V., Barsukova N.K. Hygienic evaluation of the font design of electronic texts presented on a laptop. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2019; 98(12): 1402–7. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-12-1402-1407 https://elibrary.ru/tkkuim (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нуртдинова Л.Р. Образовательная среда виртуальной реальности как средство развития коммуникативной компетенции студентов при обучении иностранному языку. Вестник Самарского государственного технического университета. Серия: Психолого-педагогические науки. 2017; (1): 57–65. https://elibrary.ru/yorlhv</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nurtdinova L.R. Educational environment of virtual reality as a means of developing the communicative competence in teaching a foreign language. Vestnik Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Seriya: Psikhologo-pedagogicheskie nauki. 2017; (1): 57–65. https://elibrary.ru/yorlhv (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лабзина П.Г., Гуреев М.В., Жабин М.Е., Новалов Е.И. Принципы обучения профессионально ориентированному иностранному языку в виртуальной реальности. Вестник Самарского государственного технического университета. Серия: Психолого-педагогические науки. 2017; (4): 79–89. https://elibrary.ru/ynejej</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Labzina P.G., Gureev M.V., Zhabin M.E., Novalov E.I. Principles of teaching professionally-oriented foreign language in virtual reality. Vestnik Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Seriya: Psikhologo-pedagogicheskie nauki. 2017; (4): 79–89. https://elibrary.ru/ynejej (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нуртдинова Л.Р., Гуреев М.В., Крутская С.В. Принципы проектирования виртуальных сред в образовательном пространстве и психологические особенности их восприятия обучающимися. Вестник Самарского государственного технического университета. Серия: Психолого-педагогические науки. 2018; (1): 123–30. https://elibrary.ru/lazodb</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nurtdinova L.R., Gureev M.V., Krutskaya S.V. Principles of designing virtual environments in the educational system and psychological features of their perception by students. Vestnik Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Seriya: Psikhologo-pedagogicheskie nauki. 2018; (1): 123–30. https://elibrary.ru/lazodb (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васичкина О.Н. Виртуальная реальность в преподавании: проблемы и их решение. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал. 2022; (4–3): 43–5. https://doi.org/10.23670/IRJ.2022.118.4.039 https://elibrary.ru/xrnhiq</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasichkina O.N. Virtual reality in education: problems and solutions. Mezhdunarodnyi nauchno-issledovatel’skii zhurnal. 2022; (4-3): 43–5. https://doi.org/10.23670/IRJ.2022.118.4.039 https://elibrary.ru/xrnhiq (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иоселиани А.Д. Виртуальная реальность и инновационная среда образования. Манускрипт. 2021; 14(1): 122–5. https://doi.org/10.30853/mns200608 https://elibrary.ru/nrpufo</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ioseliani A.D. Virtual reality and innovative educational environment. Manuskript. 2021; 14(1): 122–5. https://doi.org/10.30853/mns200608 https://elibrary.ru/nrpufo (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Уваров А.Ю. Технологии виртуальной реальности в образовании. Наука и школа. 2018; (4): 108–17. https://elibrary.ru/vadpba</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uvarov A.Yu. Virtual reality technologies in education. Nauka i shkola. 2018; (4): 108–17. https://elibrary.ru/vadpba (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баюров А.Е., Петрова О.А. Виртуальная реальность в образовании. В кн.: Актуальные проблемы авиации и космонавтики. Сборник материалов V Международной научно-практической конференции, посвященной Дню космонавтики. Том 3. Красноярск; 2019: 633–5. https://elibrary.ru/tviikt</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bayurov A.E., Petrova O.A. Virtual reality in education. In: Current Problems of Aviation and Cosmonautics. Proceedings of the V International Scientific and Practical Conference Dedicated to the Day of Cosmonautics. Volume 3 [Aktual’nye problemy aviatsii i kosmonavtiki. Sbornik materialov V Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi Dnyu kosmonavtiki. Tom 3]. Krasnoyarsk; 2019: 633–5. https://elibrary.ru/tviikt (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rojas-Sánchez M.A., Palos-Sánchez P.R., Folgado-Fernández J.A. Systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis on virtual reality and education. Educ. Inf. Technol. (Dordr.). 2023; 28(1): 155–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11167-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rojas-Sánchez M.A., Palos-Sánchez P.R., Folgado-Fernández J.A. Systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis on virtual reality and education. Educ. Inf. Technol. (Dordr.). 2023; 28(1): 155–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11167-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamad A., Jia B. How virtual reality technology has changed our lives: an overview of the current and potential applications and limitations. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022; 19(18): 11278. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811278</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamad A., Jia B. How virtual reality technology has changed our lives: an overview of the current and potential applications and limitations. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022; 19(18): 11278. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811278</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rong Q., Lian Q., Tang T. Research on the influence of AI and VR technology for students’ concentration and creativity. Front. Psychol. 2022; 13: 767689. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.767689</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rong Q., Lian Q., Tang T. Research on the influence of AI and VR technology for students’ concentration and creativity. Front. Psychol. 2022; 13: 767689. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.767689</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang N., Abdul Rahman M.N., Lim B.H. Teaching and curriculum of the preschool physical education major direction in colleges and universities under virtual reality technology. Comput. Intell. Neurosci. 2022; 2022: 3250986. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3250986</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang N., Abdul Rahman M.N., Lim B.H. Teaching and curriculum of the preschool physical education major direction in colleges and universities under virtual reality technology. Comput. Intell. Neurosci. 2022; 2022: 3250986. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3250986</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bui I., Bhattacharya A., Wong S.H., Singh H.R., Agarwal A. Role of three-dimensional visualization modalities in medical education. Front. Pediatr. 2021; 9: 760363. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.760363</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bui I., Bhattacharya A., Wong S.H., Singh H.R., Agarwal A. Role of three-dimensional visualization modalities in medical education. Front. Pediatr. 2021; 9: 760363. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.760363</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao G., Fan M., Yuan Y., Zhao F., Huang H. The comparison of teaching efficiency between virtual reality and traditional education in medical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. Transl. Med. 2021; 9(3): 252. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-20-2785</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao G., Fan M., Yuan Y., Zhao F., Huang H. The comparison of teaching efficiency between virtual reality and traditional education in medical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. Transl. Med. 2021; 9(3): 252. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-20-2785</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Behmadi S., Asadi F., Okhovati M., Ershad Sarabi R. Virtual reality-based medical education versus lecture-based method in teaching start triage lessons in emergency medical students: Virtual reality in medical education. J. Adv. Med. Educ. Prof. 2022; 10(1): 48–53. https://doi.org/10.30476/JAMP.2021.89269.1370</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Behmadi S., Asadi F., Okhovati M., Ershad Sarabi R. Virtual reality-based medical education versus lecture-based method in teaching start triage lessons in emergency medical students: Virtual reality in medical education. J. Adv. Med. Educ. Prof. 2022; 10(1): 48–53. https://doi.org/10.30476/JAMP.2021.89269.1370</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walter S., Speidel R., Hann A., Leitner J., Jerg-Bretzke L., Kropp P., et al. Skepticism towards advancing VR technology – student acceptance of VR as a teaching and assessment tool in medicine. GMS J. Med. Educ. 2021; 38(6): Doc100. https://doi.org/10.3205/zma001496</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walter S., Speidel R., Hann A., Leitner J., Jerg-Bretzke L., Kropp P., et al. Skepticism towards advancing VR technology – student acceptance of VR as a teaching and assessment tool in medicine. GMS J. Med. Educ. 2021; 38(6): Doc100. https://doi.org/10.3205/zma001496</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sutherland J., Belec J., Sheikh A., Chepelev L., Althobaity W., Chow B.J.W., et al. Applying modern virtual and augmented reality technologies to medical images and models. J. Digit. Imaging. 2019; 32(1): 38–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-018-0122-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sutherland J., Belec J., Sheikh A., Chepelev L., Althobaity W., Chow B.J.W., et al. Applying modern virtual and augmented reality technologies to medical images and models. J. Digit. Imaging. 2019; 32(1): 38–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-018-0122-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alharbi Y., Al-Mansour M., Al-Saffar R., Garman A., Alraddadi A. Three-dimensional virtual reality as an innovative teaching and learning tool for human anatomy courses in medical education: a mixed methods study. Cureus. 2020; 12(2): e7085. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7085</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alharbi Y., Al-Mansour M., Al-Saffar R., Garman A., Alraddadi A. Three-dimensional virtual reality as an innovative teaching and learning tool for human anatomy courses in medical education: a mixed methods study. Cureus. 2020; 12(2): e7085. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7085</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolla S., Elgawly M., Gaughan J.P., Goldman E. Medical student perception of a virtual reality training module for anatomy education. Med. Sci. Educ. 2020; 30(3): 1201–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-020-00993-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolla S., Elgawly M., Gaughan J.P., Goldman E. Medical student perception of a virtual reality training module for anatomy education. Med. Sci. Educ. 2020; 30(3): 1201–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-020-00993-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Q., Wang Y., Lu L., Chen Y., Long H., Wang J. Virtual simulation in undergraduate medical education: a scoping review of recent practice. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 2022; 9: 855403. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.855403</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu Q., Wang Y., Lu L., Chen Y., Long H., Wang J. Virtual simulation in undergraduate medical education: a scoping review of recent practice. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 2022; 9: 855403. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.855403</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bogomolova K., Hierck B.P., Looijen A.E.M., Pilon J.N.M., Putter H., Wainman B., et al. Stereoscopic three-dimensional visualisation technology in anatomy learning: A meta-analysis. Med. Educ. 2021; 55(3): 317–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.14352</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogomolova K., Hierck B.P., Looijen A.E.M., Pilon J.N.M., Putter H., Wainman B., et al. Stereoscopic three-dimensional visualisation technology in anatomy learning: A meta-analysis. Med. Educ. 2021; 55(3): 317–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.14352</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang H., Vimalesvaran S., Wang J.K., Lim K.B., Mogali S.R., Car L.T. Virtual reality in medical students’ education: scoping review. JMIR Med. Educ. 2022; 8(1): e34860. https://doi.org/10.2196/34860</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang H., Vimalesvaran S., Wang J.K., Lim K.B., Mogali S.R., Car L.T. Virtual reality in medical students’ education: scoping review. JMIR Med. Educ. 2022; 8(1): e34860. https://doi.org/10.2196/34860</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baniasadi T., Ayyoubzadeh S.M., Mohammadzadeh N. Challenges and practical considerations in applying virtual reality in medical education and treatment. Oman Med. J. 2020; 35(3): e125. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2020.43</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baniasadi T., Ayyoubzadeh S.M., Mohammadzadeh N. Challenges and practical considerations in applying virtual reality in medical education and treatment. Oman Med. J. 2020; 35(3): e125. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2020.43</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова М.А., Оганезова Ж.Г. Современные подходы к терапии компьютерного зрительного синдрома. РМЖ. Клиническая офтальмология. 2018; 18(1): 50–4. https://elibrary.ru/ntjxov</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharova M.A., Oganezova Zh.G. Modern approaches to the therapy of computer visual syndrome. RMZh. Klinicheskaya oftal’mologiya. 2018; 18(1): 50–4. https://elibrary.ru/ntjxov (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Открытый набор данных «Перечень детских технопарков» Минпросвещения России. Доступно: https://opendata.edu.gov.ru/opendata/7710539135-DT</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Open data set «List of children’s technoparks» of the Ministry of Education of Russia. Available at: https://opendata.edu.gov.ru/opendata/7710539135-DT (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кучма В.Р., Седова А.С., Соколова С.Б., Рапопорт И.К., Степанова М.И., Лапонова Е.Д. и др. Пандемия COVID-19 в России: медико-социальные проблемы цифровой образовательной среды. Национальное здравоохранение. 2021; 2(1): 21–31. https://doi.org/10.47093/2713-069X.2021.2.1.21-31 https://elibrary.ru/jjshvo</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuchma V.R., Sedova A.S., Sokolova S.B., Rapoport I.K., Stepanova M.I., Laponova E.D., et al. COVID-19 pandemic in Russia: medical and social problems of the digital educational environment. Natsional’noe zdravookhranenie. 2021; 2(1): 21–31. https://doi.org/10.47093/2713-069X.2021.2.1.21-31 https://elibrary.ru/jjshvo (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
