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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-5-477-482</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">pndofm</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4052</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности токсического действия, обусловленного биораспределением и бионакоплением нано- и микрочастиц оксида меди (II)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of toxic effect due to biodistribution and bio-accumulation of nano- and microparticles of copper (II) oxide</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-9613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Землянова</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemlyanova</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">zem@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7226-7682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанков</surname><given-names>Марк Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepankov</surname><given-names>Mark S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">stepankov@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения»; ФГБОУ ВО «Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies; Perm State National Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>477</fpage><lpage>482</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Землянова М.А., Степанков М.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Землянова М.А., Степанков М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zemlyanova M.A., Stepankov M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4052">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4052</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. С расширением применения наночастиц оксида меди (НЧ CuO) в различных сферах хозяйственной деятельности увеличивается риск экспозиции наноматериалом населения и работающих. Физико-химические свойства НЧ, отличные от микрочастиц (МЧ) химического аналога, могут обусловливать развитие более выраженных негативных эффектов, ассоциированных с экспозицией наноматериалом. В связи с этим для повышения эффективности мер профилактики необходимы исследования, направленные на изучение и уточнение патогенетических особенностей токсичности НЧ CuO, отличных от МЧ, при их длительном поступлении в организм различными путями.</p><p>Цель работы – определение особенностей токсического действия НЧ и МЧ CuO, вызываемого биораспределением и бионакоплением, при хронической ингаляционной экспозиции в эксперименте.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследованы физические свойства НЧ CuO в сравнении с МЧ. В хроническом ингаляционном эксперименте на крысах линии Wistar изучены отличные от МЧ особенности бионакопления и морфофункциональных нарушений, вызываемых НЧ CuO, при экспозиции в концентрации 0,012 мг/м3 в течение 180 сут.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. НЧ CuO в сравнении с МЧ обладают меньшим размером (в 305 раз), большей удельной площадью поверхности (в 9,6 раза) и суммарным объёмом пор (в 9,3 раза), что обусловливает их большую проникающую способность. НЧ CuO обладают более выраженным биораспределением в сравнении с МЧ, что отмечено по количеству органов с повышенной концентрацией вещества (при экспозиции НЧ – в лёгких, печени и почках, в 1,43–2,29 раза выше относительно контроля; при экспозиции МЧ – в лёгких, в 1,35 раза). НЧ обладают более выраженной в сравнении с МЧ степенью бионакопления в лёгких, печени и почках (в 1,43–2,32 раза). Воздействие НЧ CuO вызывает изменения показателей негативных эффектов, характерных для активации окислительного процесса (увеличение активности МДА, снижение АОА в 1,29–1,96 раза относительно контроля), воспалительной реакции (увеличение концентрации СРБ и количества лейкоцитов приблизительно в 1,8 раза), нарушения функций печени (снижение содержание мочевины в 1,53 раза), цитотолиза (увеличение активности ЛДГ, АЛТ, АСТ в 1,81–2,39 раза). При экспозиции МЧ отмечены также окислительный процесс, воспаление и цитолиз, но степень изменения их показателей в 1,3–1,79 раза менее выражена. При экспозиции НЧ в лёгких крыс развиваются абсцесс, пневмония, бронхит, васкулиты, полнокровие; в тканях печени – гепатит, полнокровие; в тканях почек – пролиферация мезангиальных клеток. У крыс, экспонированных МЧ, отмечена лишь гиперплазия перибронхиальных лимфоузлов в лёгких.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследование выполнено только при хронической ингаляционной экспозиции НЧ и МЧ CuO на крысах линии Wistar.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. НЧ CuO обладают более выраженными биораспределением и бионакоплением, что обусловливает больший спектр и степень проявления негативных эффектов (активация окислительного процесса, воспалительная реакция, нарушение функций печени, цитолиз, патоморфологические изменения тканей лёгких, печени и почек) в сравнении с микроразмерным химическим аналогом. Полученные результаты целесообразно учитывать для повышения эффективности научно обоснованных рекомендаций, направленных на профилактику и минимизацию негативных эффектов у человека, возникающих при воздействии НЧ CuO в процессах производства, потребления и утилизации содержащей их продукции.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование выполнено в соответствии с Европейской конвенцией по защите позвоночных животных, используемых для экспериментальных или в иных научных целях (ETS № 123), и требованиями этического комитета ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» (протокол № 3 от 01.03.2019 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Землянова М.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования, обработка материала, редактирование; Степанков М.С. – сбор материала, обработка материала, написание текста. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование выполнено за счёт федерального бюджета.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 14.02.2024 / Принята к печати: 09.04.2024 / Опубликована: 17.06.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. With the expansion of the range of applications of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) in various fields of economic activity, the risk of exposure of the population and workers to nanomaterials increases. The physicochemical properties of NPs, differed from microparticles (MPs) of a chemical analogue, may determine the development of more pronounced negative effects associated with exposure to nanomaterials. In this regard, to increase the effectiveness of preventive measures, there is needed research aimed at studying and clarifying the pathogenetic features of the toxicity of CuO NPs, other than MPs, under their long-term entering the body through various routes.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study. To characterise of the toxic effects of CuO NPs and MPs caused by their biodistribution and bio-accumulation during chronic inhalation exposure in an experiment.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The physical properties of CuO NPs were studied in comparison with MPs. In a chronic inhalation experiment on Wistar rats, the features of bioaccumulation and morphofunctional disorders caused by CuO NPs when exposed to a concentration of 0.012 mg/m3 for 180 days, distinctive from MPs, were studied and identified.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. CuO NPs, in comparison with MPs, have a smaller size (by 305 times), a larger specific surface area (by 9.6 times) and a total pore volume (9.3 times), which determines the greater penetrating ability of NPs. CuO NPs have a more pronounced biodistribution compared to MPs, which is noted by the number of organs with an increased concentration of the substance (with exposure to NPs – in the lungs, live,r and kidneys, by 1.43–2.29 times higher relative to the control; with MPs exposure – in the lungs, by 1.35 times). NPs have a more pronounced degree of bio-accumulation in the lungs, liver, and kidneys (1.43–2.32 times) compared to MPs. Exposure to CuO NPs causes changes in indicators of negative effects characteristic of the activation of the oxidative process (increase in MDA activity, decrease in AOA by 1.29–1.96 times relative to the control), inflammatory response (increase in the concentration of С-reactive protein (CRP) and the number of leukocytes by 1.8 times), impaired liver function (decrease urea content by 1.53 times), cytotolysis (increase in the activity of LDH, ALT, AST by 1.81–2.39 times). When exposed to MPs, the oxidative process, inflammation, and cytolysis were also noted, but the degree of changes in their parameters was 1.30–1.79 times less pronounced. When exposed to NPs in the lung tissues of rats, an abscess, pneumonia, bronchitis, vasculitis, and plethora develop; liver tissues – hepatitis, plethora; kidney tissues – proliferation of mesangial cells. In rats exposed to MPs, only hyperplasia of the peribronchial lymph nodes in the lungs was noted.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study was carried out only with chronic inhalation exposure to CuO NPs and MPs on Wistar rats.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. CuO NPs have more pronounced biodistribution and bio-accumulation, which causes a greater spectrum and degree of manifestation of negative effects (activation of the oxidative process, inflammatory response, impaired liver function, cytolysis, pathomorphological changes in lungs, liver and kidney tissues) in comparison with the microsized chemical analogue. It is advisable to take into account the results obtained to increase the effectiveness of scientifically based recommendations aimed at preventing and minimizing negative effects in humans that arise from exposure to CuO NPs in the processes of production, consumption, and utilization of products containing them.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was carried out in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental or other Scientific Purposes (ETS No. 123) and the requirements of the Ethics Committee of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies for Public Health Risk Management (protocol No. 3 of 01.03.2019).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Zemlyanova M.A. – the concept and design of the study, processing of the material, editing, statistical processing; Stepankov M.S. – collection of material, processing of material, writing the text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study was carried out at the expense of the federal budget.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: February 14, 2024 / Accepted: April 9, 2024 / Published: June 17, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оксид меди (II)</kwd><kwd>наночастицы</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd><kwd>патофункциональные изменения</kwd><kwd>бионакопление</kwd><kwd>ингалляционная экспозиция</kwd><kwd>хроническое воздействие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>copper (II) oxide</kwd><kwd>nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd><kwd>pathological changes</kwd><kwd>bioaccumulation</kwd><kwd>inhalation exposure</kwd><kwd>chronic exposure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2023–2030. 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