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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-5-483-488</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">qdnqjt</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4053</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности накопления кадмия в гонадах разнополых лабораторных животных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Peculiarities of cadmium accumulation in the gonads in heterosexual laboratory animals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5455-6472</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усманова</surname><given-names>Эльза Наилевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usmanova</surname><given-names>Elza N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">4usmanova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0039-6757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каримов</surname><given-names>Денис Олегович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karimov</surname><given-names>Denis O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">karimovdo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-4802</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даукаев</surname><given-names>Рустем Аскарович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Daukaev</surname><given-names>Rustem A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ufa.lab@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5596-8180</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хуснутдинова</surname><given-names>Надежда Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khusnutdinova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0445-9057</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афонькина</surname><given-names>Светлана Разифовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afonkina</surname><given-names>Svetlana R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2042-8162</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусабиров</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Эдуардович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Musabirov</surname><given-names>Dmitry E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-2703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеленковская</surname><given-names>Евгения Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelenkovskaya</surname><given-names>Evgeniya E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0037-6791</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фазлыева</surname><given-names>Анна Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fazlieva</surname><given-names>Anna S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда и экологии человека» Федеральной службы &#13;
по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>483</fpage><lpage>488</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Усманова Э.Н., Каримов Д.О., Даукаев Р.А., Хуснутдинова Н.Ю., Афонькина С.Р., Мусабиров Д.Э., Зеленковская Е.Е., Фазлыева А.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Усманова Э.Н., Каримов Д.О., Даукаев Р.А., Хуснутдинова Н.Ю., Афонькина С.Р., Мусабиров Д.Э., Зеленковская Е.Е., Фазлыева А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Usmanova E.N., Karimov D.O., Daukaev R.A., Khusnutdinova N.Y., Afonkina S.R., Musabirov D.E., Zelenkovskaya E.E., Fazlieva A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4053">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4053</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В настоящем исследовании изучали биоаккумуляцию кадмия в гонадах разнополых крыс и оценили воздействие низких доз кадмия на уровень эссенциальных элементов при субхронической интоксикации пероральным путём. Наши результаты показали, что кадмий накапливается как в женских, так и в мужских репродуктивных органах независимо от дозы воздействия, а также влияет на содержание кальция, цинка и меди в гонадах животных.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Трём группам разнополых белых беспородных крыс ежедневно в течение трёх месяцев внутрижелудочно вводили раствор хлорида кадмия, содержащего 1 (Cd1), 10 (Cd10) и 100 (Cd100) мкг кадмия на кг массы тела. Воздействие кадмием оценивалось через 1; 4; 12; 30; 60 и 90 дней. Концентрации кадмия, кальция, меди и цинка в гонадах измеряли методом атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Через 1 день во всех группах наблюдали резкое увеличение концентрации кадмия. Содержание превысило контроль до 60 раз. Через 4 дня уровень кадмия во всех группах снизился до 0,02 мг/кг и оставался примерно на одном уровне до 30 дней. В семенниках выявлено повышение концентрации кадмия в начале эксперимента, затем наблюдалось плавное снижение, но к концу исследования концентрация кадмия оставалась выше по сравнению с контрольной группой. Содержание меди в яичниках самок не изменялось, в то время как у самцов выявлено увеличение во всех группах в 1,7 раза. Концентрация кальция в яичниках самок опытных групп была выше по сравнению с контрольной группой в 1,4–1,6 раза, в то время как у самцов установлена тенденция снижения содержания данного элемента. Содержание цинка в яичниках самок не менялось независимо от дозы кадмия, в органах у самцов наблюдали небольшое увеличение.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Оценка накопления кадмия в гонадах разнополых животных проведена без изучения репротоксичности и патоморфологии.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В настоящем исследовании наблюдались заметные изменения в концентрации эссенциальных элементов в гонадах лабораторных животных, что может быть показателем нарушения клеточного гомеостаза. Выявлено, что гонады самок более восприимчивы к кадмию, так как содержание данного элемента было выше, чем в гонадах самцов.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено локальным этическим комитетом ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека» Роспотребнадзора (протокол № 01–02 от 08.02.2024 г.), проведено в соответствии с Европейской конвенцией о защите позвоночных животных, используемых для экспериментов или в иных научных целях.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Усманова Э.Н. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, статистическая обработка, написание текста; Каримов Д.О., Даукаев Р.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Хуснутдинова Н.Ю. – дизайн исследования, сбор материала; Афонькина С.Р., Мусабиров Д.Э. – сбор материала и обработка данных, сбор данных литературы; Зеленковская Е.Е., Фазлыева А.С. – сбор данных литературы. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование выполнено в рамках отраслевой научно-исследовательской программы Роспотребнадзора на 2021–2025 гг. «Научное обоснование национальной системы обеспечения санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия, управления рисками здоровью и повышения качества жизни населения России», НИР № 6.1.9 «Экспериментальное обоснование высокочувствительных маркёров воздействия токсичных металлов на организм и разработка мер профилактики».</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 14.02.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 13.03.2024 / Принята к печати: 09.04.2024 / Опубликована: 17.06.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The present study examined the bioaccumulation of cadmium in the gonads in heterosexual rats and assessed the effects of low doses of cadmium on the level of essential elements during subchronic intoxication by oral route. Our results showed cadmium to accumulate in both female and male reproductive organs, regardless of exposure dose, and also affects the calcium, zinc, and copper content in the gonads in animals.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Three groups of different-sex white outbred rats were intragastrically injected with a cadmium chloride solution containing 1 (Cd1), 10 (Cd10) and 100 (Cd100) µg of cadmium per kg of body weight daily for 3 months. Cadmium exposure was assessed after 1, 4, 12, 30, 60, and 90 days. Concentrations of cadmium, calcium, copper, and zinc in the gonads were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. After 1 day, a sharp increase in cadmium concentration was observed in all groups. The content exceeded the control up to 60 times. After 4 days, cadmium levels in all groups decreased to 0.02 mg/kg and remained approximately at the same level until 30 days. An increase in cadmium concentration was detected in the testes at the beginning of the experiment, then a smooth decrease was observed, but by the end of the study the cadmium concentration remained higher than in the control group. The copper content in the ovaries of females did not change, while in males an increase by 1.7 times was detected in all groups. The calcium concentration in the ovaries of females was by 1.4–1.6 times higher than that in controls; in males, on the contrary, a trend towards to a decrease in calcium was established. The zinc content in the ovaries of females did not change regardless of the dose of cadmium; a slight increase was observed in the organs of males.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The assessment of cadmium accumulation in the gonads of heterosexual animals was carried out without studying reprotoxicity and pathomorphology.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In the present study, marked changes in the concentration of essential elements in the gonads of laboratory animals were observed, which may be an indicator of disruption of cellular homeostasis. The gonads of females were revealed to be more susceptible to cadmium, since the content of this element was higher than in the gonads of males.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology of Rospotrebnadzor (protocol No. 01–02 of 02.08.2024), and was conducted in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments or for Other Scientific Purposes.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Usmanova E.N. – the concept and design of the study; collection and processing of material; statistical processing; writing a text; Karimov D.O., Daukaev R.A. – the concept and design of the study; editing; Khusnutdinova N.Yu. – design of the study; collection of material; Afonkina S.R. – collection and processing of material; collection of literature data; Musabirov D.E. – collection and processing of material; collection of literature data; Zelenkovskaya E.E., Fazlieva A.S. – collection of literature data. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study was carried out within the framework of the industry research program of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing for 2021–2025. “Scientific substantiation of the national system for ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being, managing health risks and improving the quality of life of the population of Russia”, research work No. 6.1.9 “Experimental substantiation of highly sensitive markers of the effects of toxic metals on the body and development of preventive measures.”</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: February 14, 2024 / Revised: March 13, 2024 / Accepted: April 9, 2024 / Published: June 17, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кадмий</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>гонады животных</kwd><kwd>эссенциальные элементы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cadmium</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>animal gonads</kwd><kwd>essential elements</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zou M., Zhou S., Zhou Y., Jia Z., Guo T., Wang J. 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