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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-6-584-590</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">prbfbw</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4136</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности экспрессии генов TLR4 и MMP9 у детей, модифицированной антигеном SARS-CoV-2 и бенз(а)пиреном</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of TLR4 and MMP9 gene expression modified with SARS-CoV-2 antigen and benzapyrene in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-1145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>Нина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>Nina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Академик РАН, доктор мед. наук, профессор, науч. руководитель ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: znv@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., Professor, Academician of the RAS, Scientific Director of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation; Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: znv@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">znv@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-3145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>Олег Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, зав. отд. иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: oleg@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., Professor, Academician of the RAS, Scientific Director of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation; Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: znv@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleg@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4185-9829</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Летюшев</surname><given-names>Александр Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Letyushev</surname><given-names>Aleksandr N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент каф. организации санитарно-эпидемиологической службы ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования», 125993, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: rmapo@rmapo.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, associate professor of the Department of Organization of Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: rmapo@rmapo.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rmapo@rmapo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0114-3930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казакова</surname><given-names>Ольга Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. — зав. лаб. иммуногенетики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: chakina2011@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, senior researcher of the Immunogenetics laboratory of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: chakina2011@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chakina2011@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ганич</surname><given-names>Татьяна Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ganich</surname><given-names>Tatiyana S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. лаб. иммуногенетики отдела иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: tatka.kuleshova@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher at the Laboratory of Immunogenetics of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: tatka.kuleshova@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatka.kuleshova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» &#13;
Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>584</fpage><lpage>590</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зайцева Н.В., Долгих О.В., Летюшев А.Н., Казакова О.А., Ганич Т.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зайцева Н.В., Долгих О.В., Летюшев А.Н., Казакова О.А., Ганич Т.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zaitseva N.V., Dolgikh O.V., Letyushev A.N., Kazakova O.A., Ganich T.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4136">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4136</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Экспозиция химическими и биологическими средовыми факторами сопряжена с риском реализации генетической предрасположенности к развитию астении и онкоассоциированных болезней, что определяет актуальность поиска генетических индикаторных маркёров ранних нарушений уровня транскрипции мРНК, ассоциированного с определёнными аллелями полиморфных генов в условиях современных вызовов и угроз здоровью населения.</p><p>Цель работы — характеристика особенностей экспрессии генов TLR4 и MMP9, модифицированной антигеном SARS-CoV-2 и бенз(а)пиреном у детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведён анализ полиморфизма генов MMP9 Gln279Arg (rs17576), TLR4 A8595G (rs1927911), а также относительного нормализованного уровня экспрессии транскриптов MMP9 Hs00234579_m1 (20q13.12), TLR4 Hs00152939_m1 (9q33.1) в культуре клеток цельной крови детей и подростков (возрастной диапазон от 10 до 16 лет). Был изучен полиморфизм как спонтанный, так и индуцированный 24-часовой инкубацией бенз(а)пиреном и вакцинными антигенами (на примере SARS-CoV-2, 1 ± 0,5 • 1011 частиц).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что бенз(а)пирен оказывает потенцирующий эффект на экспрессию MMP9 и угнетающий на TLR4, сочетание экспозиции бенз(а)пиреном с вакцинными антигенами SARS-CoV-2 in vitro приводило к разнонаправленным эффектам в зависимости от генотипа (полиморфизма) исследуемых генов. Показана способность бенз(а)пирена и антигенов SARS-CoV-2 модифицировать in vitro экспрессию кандидатных генов MMP9, TLR4, что позволяет рассматривать гены и продукты их экспрессии MMP9 Hs00234579_m1 и TLR4 Hs00152939_m1 в качестве индикаторных для задач ранней диагностики астении и онкопролиферативных состояний.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Ограничения на проведение исследований заключаются в ограниченности выборки и объёма экспериментального исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты экспериментальных исследований in vitro показали способность бенз(а)пирена и SARS-CoV-2 модифицировать экспрессию генов матриксной металлопротеиназы MMP9 Gln279Arg (rs17576) и толл-подобного рецептора TLR4 A8595G (rs1927911), что позволяет рассматривать транскрипты Hs00234579_m1 и Hs00152939_m1 в качестве критериев формирования астении в условиях течения вирусных инфекций (SARS-CoV-2) в связи с активацией фермента, разрушающего внеклеточный матрикс для обладателей AA дикого и AG гетерозиготного генотипов гена MMP9 Gln279Arg. В случае гетерозиготного АG-генотипа гена TLR4 A8595G сочетание бенз(а)пирена и SARS-CoV-2 (26-й серотип) приводит к формированию иммуносупрессии, что фенотипически может сопровождаться развитием онкопролиферативных процессов. Транскрипты MMP9 Hs00234579_m1 и TLR4 Hs00152939_m1 рекомендуются в качестве маркёров ранних нарушений, ассоциированных с экспозицией SARS-CoV-2 + бенз(а)пирен.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование выполнено с соблюдением этических требований Хельсинкской декларации Всемирной медицинской ассоциации (ред. 2000 г.) и протокола Конвенции Совета Европы о правах человека и биомедицине (1999 г.). Исследование одобрено Локальным этическим комитетом ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека (протокол № 23 от 20.12.2021 г.). Было получено информированное согласие участников исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Зайцева Н.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание и редактирование текста;Долгих О.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание и редактирование текста;Летюшев А.Н. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание и редактирование текста;Казакова О.А. — сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка, написание и редактирование текста;Ганич Т.С. — сбор и обработка материала.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 03.04.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 25.04.2024 / Принята к печати: 19.06.2024 / Опубликована: 17.07.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Exposure to chemical and biological environmental factors is associated with the risk of realizing genetic predisposition to the development of asthenia and cancer-associated diseases, which determines the relevance of the search for genetic indicator markers of early abnormalities in mRNA structure in the context of modern threats and challenges to public health.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study: characteristics of the expression of TLR4 and MMP9 genes modified by the SARS-CoV-2 antigen and benz(a)pyrene in children.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We analyzed the polymorphism of MMP9 Gln279Arg (rs17576), TLR4 A8595G (rs1927911) genes, as well as the relative normalized expression level of MMP9 Hs00234579_m1 (20q13.12), TLR4 Hs00152939_m1 (9q33. 1) in whole blood cell culture both spontaneous and induced by 24 hour incubation with benz(a)pyrene and vaccine antigens (using SARS-CoV-2, 1.0±0.5•1011 particles as an example) in adolescents of 10–16-years. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Benz(a)pyrene was found to have a potentiating effect on MMP9 expression and a suppressive effect on TLR4. The combination of benz(a)pyrene exposure with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antigens “in vitro” resulted in differently directed effects depending on the genotype (polymorphism) of the genes under study. The ability of benz(a)pyrene and SARS-CoV-2 antigens to modify “in vitro” expression of MMP9, TLR4 candidate genes was shown, which allows considering genes and products of their expression MMP9 Hs00234579_m1 and TLR4 Hs00152939_m1 as indicator genes for early diagnosis of the development of asthenia and oncoproliferative states.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. Limitations of the study include the limited sample and scope of the pilot study.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results of experimental studies ”in vitro” showed the ability of benz(a)pyrene and SARS-CoV-2 to modify the expression of genes of matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 Gln279Arg (rs17576) and toll-like receptor TLR4 A8595G (rs1927911), which allows considering transcripts Hs00234579_m1 and Hs00152939_m1 as criteria for the formation of asthenia in the course of viral infections (SARS-CoV-2) due to activation of the enzyme that destroys the extracellular matrix for AA wild-type and AG heterozygous genotype of the MMP9 Gln279Arg gene. In the case of heterozygous AG genotype of TLR4 A8595G gene, the combination of benz(a)pyrene and SARS-CoV-2 (26 serotype) leads to the formation of immunosuppression, which phenotypically may be accompanied by the development of oncoproliferative processes. MMP9 Hs00234579_m1 and TLR4 Hs00152939_m1 transcripts are recommended as markers of early disorders associated with SARS-CoV-2+benz(a)pyrene exposure.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was performed in compliance with the ethical requirements of the WMA Declaration of Helsinki, 2000 and the protocol of the Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, 1999. The study was approved by the LEC of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies for Population Health Risk Management of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Protocol No. 23 of 20.12.2021). Informed consent was obtained for the study participants.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution:Zaitseva N.V., Dolgikh O.V., Letyushev A.N. — concept and design of the study, writing and editing of the text;Kazakova O.A. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing and editing of the text;Ganich T.S. — collection and processing of material.All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: April 4, 2024 / Revised: April 25, 2024 / Accepted: June 19, 2024 / Published: July 17, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SARS-COV-2</kwd><kwd>бенз(а)пирен</kwd><kwd>экспрессия гена</kwd><kwd>TP53</kwd><kwd>MMP9 Hs00234579_m1</kwd><kwd>TLR4 Hs00152939_m1</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SARS-COV-2</kwd><kwd>benz(a)pyrene</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>TP53</kwd><kwd>MMP9 Hs00234579_m1</kwd><kwd>TLR4 Hs00152939_m1</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сидоров П.И., Новикова И.А. Способ скрининговой оценки факторов здоровья. Гигиена и санитария. 2010; 89(2): 85–9. https://elibrary.ru/mrmheh</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidorov P.I., Novikova I.A. A screening procedure for health factors. 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