<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-10-1062-1067</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-417</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биомониторинг содержания фтора у работников современного производства алюминия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biomonitoring of the content of fluorine in workers in the modern aluminum manufacture</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8740-3133</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаяхметов</surname><given-names>Салим Файзыевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shayakhmetov</surname><given-names>Salim F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории аналитической экотоксикологии и биомониторинга, ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований», 665827, Ангарск.</p><p>e-mail: salimf53@mail ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., professor, leading researcher of Laboratory of analytical ecotoxicology and biomonitoring of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: salimf53@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">salimf53@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7848-6432</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меринов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merinov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0876-2304</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лисецкая</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lisetskaya</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9772-0199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мещакова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshchakova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1062</fpage><lpage>1067</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаяхметов С.Ф., Меринов А.В., Лисецкая Л.Г., Мещакова Н.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаяхметов С.Ф., Меринов А.В., Лисецкая Л.Г., Мещакова Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shayakhmetov S.F., Merinov A.V., Lisetskaya L.G., Meshchakova N.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/417">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/417</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Работники современных алюминиевых заводов испытывают длительное воздействие комплекса токсических химических соединений, компонентами которого являются фтористые соединения, оказывающие хроническое токсическое действие на организм. В связи с этим становится актуальным проведение биомониторинговых исследований по оценке уровня и динамики экскреции фтора у экспонированных работников современного алюминиевого производства.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Были обследованы 186 работников производства первичного алюминия, лица повышенного профессионального риска (42 человека) и 77 пациентов с установленными профессиональными заболеваниями.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Средние концентрации фторид-иона в моче работников алюминиевого производства варьировали от 1,2 ± 0,3 до 3,6 ± 0,9 мг/дм3 и были в 1,7–5,1 раза выше, чем в контрольной группе (0,7 ± 0,2 мг/дм3). Наибольшие значения отмечались у работников основных профессий цехов с технологией предварительно обожжённых анодов. У обследованных в условиях стационара работников группы повышенного риска с увеличением стажа работы содержание фторид-иона в моче возрастало в 1,1–1,4 раза во всех стажевых группах (с 1,5 ± 0,2 до 2,1 ± 0,3 мг/дм3), за исключением лиц, проработавших 25 лет и более (1,5 ± 0,1 мг/дм3).</p><p>У работников с установленным диагнозом профзаболевания с увеличением продолжительности постконтактного периода наблюдалось снижение экскреции фторид-иона с мочой с 1,8 ± 0,1 мг/дм3 в группе с временным периодом до 4 лет и до 1,2 ± 0,1 мг/дм3 в группе 10 лет и более.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты исследований свидетельствуют о высоком содержании фторид-иона в моче у работников алюминиевых заводов и у пациентов с установленным диагнозом профессионального заболевания, которое зависит от применяемой технологии, профессии работника, стажа работы и длительности постконтактного периода. Это позволяет рекомендовать проведение биомониторинга фтористых соединений для оценки профессиональных рисков и эффективности выполненных профилактических и лечебных мероприятий.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Workers of modern aluminum plants experience long-term exposure to a complex of toxic chemical compounds, components of which are fluoride compounds. They have a chronic toxic effect on an organism. In this regard, it becomes relevant to conduct biomonitoring studies to assess the level and dynamics of excretion of fluorine in exposed workers of modern aluminum production.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A total of 186 workers in primary aluminum production, individuals at increased professional risk (42 people) and 77 patients with established occupational diseases were examined.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The average fluoride – ion concentrations in the urine of aluminum production workers ranged from 1.2 ± 0.3 to 3.6 ± 0.9 mg/dm3 and were by 1.7–5.1 times higher than in the control group (0.7 ± 0.2 mg/dm3), the highest values were observed in workers of the main occupations of workshops with the technology of prebaked anodes. In workers of the high-risk group, examined in a hospital, content of fluoride ion in the urine increased by 1.1-1.4 times with the increase their experience of work in all experience groups (from 1.5 ± 0.2 to 2.1 ± 0.3 mg/dm3), with the exception of persons who have worked for 25 years or more (1.5 ± 0.1 mg/dm3). In workers with an established diagnosis of an occupational disease with an increase in the length of the post-exposure period there was observed a decrease in urinary fluoride ion excretion from 1.8 ± 0.1 mg/dm3 in the group with a time period up to 4 years and to 1.2±0.1 mg/dm3 in the group with 10 years or more.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results of studies argue a high content of fluoride ion in the urine in workers at aluminum smelters and in patients with an established diagnosis of occupational disease, which depends on the technology used, the worker’s occupation, length of service and the length of the post-contact period. This allows recommending the biomonitoring of fluoride compounds to assess occupational risks and the effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic measures.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>производство алюминия</kwd><kwd>фтористые соединения</kwd><kwd>моча</kwd><kwd>биомониторинг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aluminum production</kwd><kwd>fluoride compounds</kwd><kwd>urine</kwd><kwd>biomonitoring</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рослый О.Ф., Гурвич В.Б., Плотко Э.Г., Кузьмин С.В., Федорук А.А., Рослая Н.А. и др. Актуальные вопросы гигиены в алюминиевой промышленности России. Медицина труда и промышленная экология. 2012; 11: 8-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosly O.F., Gurvich V.B., Plotko E.G., Kuzmin S.V., Fedoruk A.A., Roslaya N.A. et al. Emerging issues concerning hygiene in the Russian aluminum industry. Meditsina truda i ekologiya cheloveka [Occupational Health and Human Ecology]. 2012; 11: 8–12. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шаяхметов С.Ф., Лисецкая Л.Г., Мещакова Н.М., Меринов А.В. Гигиеническая оценка газо-пылевого фактора на алюминиевом предприятии Восточной Сибири. Гигиена и санитария. 2016; 95 (12): 1155-60. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-12-1155-60</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shayakhmetov S.F., Lisetskaya L.G., Meshchakova N.M., Merinov A.V. Hygienic assessment of toxic dust factor at the aluminium smelter in Eastern Siberia. Gigiena i sanitariya [Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian Journal]. 2016; 95 (12): 1155–60. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-12-1155-1160 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кондрик Е.К., Сергеева Н.Л., Кавызина Л.И. Эколого-гигиенические проблемы алюминиевых заводов (обзор). Гигиена и санитария. 1993; 8: 7-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kondrik E.K., Sergeeva N.L., Kavyzina L.I. Ecologic and hygienic problems of aluminum factories. Gigiena i sanitariya [Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian Journal]. 1993; 8: 7–11. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benke G., Abramson M., Sim M. Exposures in the alumina and primary aluminium industry: An historical review. Ann Occup Hyg. 1998; 42 (3): 173-89. https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/42.3.173</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benke G., Abramson M., Sim M. Exposures in the alumina and primary aluminium industry: An historical review. Ann Occup Hyg. 1998; 42 (3): 173–89. https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/42.3.173</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sim M., Benke G. World at work: hazards and controls in aluminium potrooms. Occup Environ Med. 2003; 60 (12): 989-92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sim M., Benke G. World at work: hazards and controls in aluminium potrooms. Occup Environ Med. 2003; 60 (12): 989–92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jelinic J.D., Nola I.A., Udovicic R., Ostoji´c D., Zuskin E. Exposure to chemical agents in aluminium potrooms. Med Lav. 2007; 98: 407-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jelinic J.D., Nola I.A., Udovicic R., Ostoji´c D., Zuskin E. Exposure to chemical agents in aluminium potrooms. Med Lav. 2007; 98: 407–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dando N., Xu W., Peace J.N. Continuous measurement of peak hydrogen fluoride exposures in aluminum smelter potrooms: instrument development and in-plant evaluation. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2008; 5: 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459620701789884</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dando N., Xu W., Peace J.N. Continuous measurement of peak hydrogen fluoride exposures in aluminum smelter potrooms: instrument development and in-plant evaluation. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2008; 5: 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459620701789884</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жуков Е.И., Коростовенко В.В., Шахрай С.Г., Кондратьев В.В. Санитарно-гигиеническая оценка воздуха рабочей зоны корпуса производства алюминия, оснащенного электролизерами с предварительно обожженными анодами. Экология и промышленность России. 2012; 5: 9-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhoukov E.I., Korostovenko V.V., Shakhray S.G., Kondratev V.V. Sanitary-hygienic assessment of working zones air in the aluminum production building equipped by electrolysers with pre-baked anodes. Ekologiya i promyshlennost’ Rossii. 2012; 5: 9–11. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захаренков В.В., Олещенко А.М., Суржиков Д.В., Данилов И.П., Кислицына В.В., Корсакова Т.Г. Определение вероятности нанесения ущерба здоровью работников алюминиевой промышленности в результате воздействия токсичных веществ. Бюллетень ВСНЦ СО РАМН. 2013; 3-2: 75-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharenkov V.V., Oleshchenko A.M., Surzhikov D.V., Danilov I.P., Kislitsyna V.V., Korsakova T.G. Determination of the probability of the damage to the health of workers in aluminium production due to the exposure to toxic substances. Byulleten’ VSNTs SO RAMN. 2013; 3–2: 75–8. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Y., Sun M., Hong J., Han X., He J., Shi W. Environmental footprint of aluminum production in China. J Clean Prod. 2016; 133: 1242-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.137</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Y., Sun M., Hong J., Han X., He J., Shi W. Environmental footprint of aluminum production in China. J Clean Prod. 2016; 133: 1242–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.137</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taiwo O.A., Sircar K.D., Slade M.D., Cantley L.F., Vegso S.J., Rabinowitz P.M. et al. Incidence of asthma among aluminum workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2006; 48 (3): 275-82. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000197876.31901.f5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taiwo O.A., Sircar K.D., Slade M.D., Cantley L.F., Vegso S.J., Rabinowitz P.M. et al. Incidence of asthma among aluminum workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2006; 48 (3): 275–82. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000197876.31901.f5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жовтяк Е.П., Федоров А.А., Лихачева Е.И., Рябко Е.В., Громов А.С. Биомаркёры экспозиции и эффекта действия фтористых соединений у рабочих алюминиевой промышленности. Медицина труда и промышленная экология. 2010; 2: 20-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhovtyak E.P., Fyodorov A.A., Likhatchyova E.I., Ryabko E.V., Gromov A.S. Biologic markers of exposure to and effects of fluorine compounds in workers engaged into aluminium industry. Meditsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya [Occupational health and industrial ecology]. 2010; 2: 20–3. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рослый О.Ф., Лихачева Е.И., ред. Медицина труда при электролитическом получении алюминия. Екатеринбург: Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий; 2011. 160 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roslyi O.F., Likhacheva Ye.L., eds. Medicine of labor for electrolytic aluminum production [Meditsina truda pri elektroliticheskom poluchenii alyuminiya]. Ekaterinburg: Ekaterinburgskiy meditsinskiy nauchnyy tsentr profilaktiki i okhrany zdorov’ya rabochikh prompredpriyatiy; 2011. 160 p. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Søyseth V., Kongerud J. Prevalence of respiratory disorders among aluminium potroom workers in relation to exposure to fluoride. Br J Ind Med. 1992; 49 (2): 125-30. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.49.2.125</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Søyseth V., Kongerud J. Prevalence of respiratory disorders among aluminium potroom workers in relation to exposure to fluoride. Br J Ind Med. 1992; 49 (2): 125–30. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.49.2.125</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radon K., Nowak D., Heinrich-Ramm R., Szadkowski D. Respiratory health and fluoride exposure in different parts of the modern primary aluminum industry. Int Arc Occup Environ Health. 1999; 72 (5): 297-303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004200050378</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radon K., Nowak D., Heinrich-Ramm R., Szadkowski D. Respiratory health and fluoride exposure in different parts of the modern primary aluminum industry. Int Arc Occup Environ Health. 1999; 72 (5): 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004200050378</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seixas N.S., Cohen M., Zevenbergen B., Cotey M., Carter S., Kaufman J. Urinary fluoride as an exposure index in aluminum smelting. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 2000; 61 (1): 89-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660008984520</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seixas N.S., Cohen M., Zevenbergen B., Cotey M., Carter S., Kaufman J. Urinary fluoride as an exposure index in aluminum smelting. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 2000; 61 (1): 89–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660008984520</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo Z., Yuhua H.E., Zhu O. Study on neurobehavioral function of workers occupationally exposed to fluoride. Ind Health Occup Dis. 2001; 6: 346-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo Z., Yuhua H.E., Zhu O. Study on neurobehavioral function of workers occupationally exposed to fluoride. Ind Health Occup Dis. 2001; 6: 346–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnard C.G., McBride D.I., Firth H.M., Herbison G.P. Assessing individual employee risk factors for occupational asthma in primary aluminium smelting. Occup Environ Med. 2004; 61 (7): 604-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2003.009159</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnard C.G., McBride D.I., Firth H.M., Herbison G.P. Assessing individual employee risk factors for occupational asthma in primary aluminium smelting. Occup Environ Med. 2004; 61 (7): 604–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2003.009159</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Momeni V.R., Dehghani-Beshne M., Sharifian A., Esteghamati A., Masoudi E. Thyroid function tests in aluminum potroom workers exposed to fluoride emissions. Fluoride. 2011; 44 (3): 173-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Momeni V.R., Dehghani-Beshne M., Sharifian A., Esteghamati A., Masoudi E. Thyroid function tests in aluminum potroom workers exposed to fluoride emissions. Fluoride. 2011; 44 (3): 173–4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Susheela A.K., Mondal N.K., Singh A. Exposure to Fluoride in Smelter Workers in a Primary Aluminum Industry in India. Int J Occup Environ Med. 2013; 4: 61-72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Susheela A.K., Mondal N.K., Singh A. Exposure to Fluoride in Smelter Workers in a Primary Aluminum Industry in India. Int J Occup Environ Med. 2013; 4: 61–72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шаяхметов С.Ф., Мещакова Н.М., Лисецкая Л.Г., Меринов А.В., Журба О.М., Алексеенко А.Н. и др. Гигиенические аспекты условий труда в современном производстве алюминия. Гигиена и санитария. 2018; 97 (10): 899-904. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-10-899-904</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shayakhmetov S.F., Meshchakova N.M., Lisetskaya L.G., Merinov A.V., Zhurba O.M., Alekseyenko A.N. et al. Hygienic aspects of working conditions in the modern production of aluminum. Gigiena i sanitariya [Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian Journal]. 2018; 97 (10): 899–904. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-10-899-904</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Измеров Н.Ф., ред. Профессиональная патология: национальное руководство. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2011. 784 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Izmerov N.F., ed. Occupational pathology: national guide [Professional’naya patologiya: natsional’noe rukovodstvo]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2011. 784 p. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорук А.А., Рослый О.Ф., Слышкина Т.В., Плотко Э.Г., Лемясев М.Ф. Актуальные вопросы гигиены труда при эксплуатации сверхмощных электролизеров для получения алюминия. Медицина труда и промышленная экология. 2012; 11: 13-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedoruk A.A., Rosly O.F., Slyshkina T.V., Plotko E.G., Lemyasev M.F. Issues of occupational health in the aluminium plant with superpower equipment. Meditsina truda i ekologiya cheloveka [Occupational Health and Human Ecology]. 2012; 11: 13–7. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morgan M.S. The biological exposure indices: A key component in protecting workers from toxic chemicals. Environ Health Perspect. 1997; 105 (Suppl. 1): 105-15. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.97105s1105</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morgan M.S. The biological exposure indices: A key component in protecting workers from toxic chemicals. Environ Health Perspect. 1997; 105 (Suppl. 1): 105–15. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.97105s1105</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ревич Б.А. Биомониторинг токсичных веществ в организме человека. Гигиена и санитария. 2004; 6: 26-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Revich B.A. Biomonitoring of toxic substances in the human body. Gigiena i sanitariya [Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian Journal]. 2004; 6: 26–31. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г.Г., Зайцева Н.В., Уланова Т.С. Контроль содержания химических соединений и элементов в биологических средах. Пермь: Книжный формат; 2011. 520 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onishchenko G.G., Zaitseva N.V., Ulanova T.S. Control of the content of chemical compounds and elements in biological media [Kontrol’ soderzhaniya khimicheskikh soedineniy i elementov v biologicheskikh sredakh]. Perm: Knizhnyy format; 2011. 520 p. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Луковникова Л.В., Сидорин Г.И., Аликбаева Л.А., Фомин М.В. Биомониторинг - способ объективной диагностики острых и хронических интоксикаций химической этиологии. Вестник Санкт-Петербургской государственной медицинской академии им. И.И. Мечникова. 2009; 3 (32): 61-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lukovnikova L.V., Sidorin G.I., Alikbaeva L.A., Fomin M.V. Biomonitoring – a means for objective diagnostics of acute and chronic intoxications of chemical etiology. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskoy gosudarstvennoy meditsinskoy akademii im. I.I. Mechnikova. 2009; 3 (32): 61–5. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зибарев Е.В., Эллингсен Д.Г., Томассен И., Чащин В.П., Чащин М.В., Кузьмин А.В. Биологический мониторинг как способ управления профессиональными рисками. Уральский медицинский журнал. 2011; 9: 16-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zibarev E.V., Ellingsen D.G., Thomassen Y., Chashchin V.P., Chashchin M.V., Kuzmin A.V. Biological monitoring as method occupational risk assessment. Ural’skiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2011; 9: 16–8. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чащин В.П., Сидорин Г.И., Фролова А.Д., Луковникова Л.В., Сходкина Н.И. Биомониторинг в оценке риска развития профессиональных интоксикаций. Медицина труда и промышленная экология. 2004; 12: 1-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chashin V.P., Sidorin G.I., Frolova A.D., Loukovnikova L.V., Skhodkina N.I. Biologic monitoring in evaluating risk of occupational intoxications development. Meditsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya [Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology]. 2004; 12: 1–4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лихачева Е.И., Жовтяк Е.П., Хасанова Г.Н., Назукин А.С. Экскреция фтора с мочой у электролизников в современных условиях производства алюминия. В кн: Материалы VIII Всероссийского Конгресса «Профессия и здоровье». М.; 2009: 294-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Likhacheva Ye.L., Zhovtyak E.P., Khasanova G.N., Nazukin A.S. Fluorine excretion with urine at electrolysis cells in modern conditions of aluminum production. Proceedinds of VIII All-Russian Congress “Profession and Health” [VIII Vserossiyskiy Kongress «Professiya i zdorov’e»]. Moscow; 2009: 294–6. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
