medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-7-712-717erfofamedlit-4249Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ПИТАНИЯFOOD HYGIENEОценка эффективности санитарной обработки технологического оборудования на предприятии мясоперерабатывающей промышленностиAssessment of efficiency of sanitary treatment of technological equipment at meat processing industry enterprisehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1867-3495ИльяковаАнастасия ВасильевнаIlyakovaAnastasia V.

Науч. сотр. отд. дезинфекции и стерилизации (с лабораторией микробиологии) Института дезинфектологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 117246, Москва, Россия

e-mail: ilyakova.av@fncg.ru

Researcher, Department of disinfection and sterilization, Institute of Disinfectology of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Moscow, 117246, Russian Federation

e-mail: ilyakova.av@fncg.ru

ilyakova.av@fncg.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5815-5916ГончарАнжелика СергеевнаGoncharAnzhelika S.

Мл. науч. сотр. отд. дезинфекции и стерилизации (с лабораторией микробиологии) Института дезинфектологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 117246, Москва, Россия

e-mail: Gonchar.AS@fncg.ru

Junior researcher, Department of disinfection and sterilization, Institute of Disinfectology of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Moscow, 117246, Russian Federation

e-mail: Gonchar.AS@fncg.ru

Gonchar.AS@fncg.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3637-2570ЕремееваНаталья ИвановнаEremeevaNatalya I.

Канд. мед. наук, зав. отд. дезинфекции и стерилизации (с лабораторией микробиологии) Института дезинфектологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 117246, Москва, Россия

e-mail: eremeeva.ni@fncg.ru

MD, PhD, head, Department of disinfection and sterilization, Institute of Disinfectology of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Moscow, 117246, Russian Federation

e-mail: eremeeva.ni@fncg.ru

eremeeva.ni@fncg.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0538-1992ДеминаЮлия ВикторовнаDeminaYulia V.

Доктор мед. наук, доцент, директор Института дезинфектологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 117246, Москва, Россия

e-mail: Dyemina.YuV@fncg.ru

MD, PhD, DSci., assistant professor, Director, Institute of Disinfectology of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Moscow, 117246, Russian Federation

e-mail: Dyemina.YuV@fncg.ru

Dyemina.YuV@fncg.ruИнститут дезинфектологии ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человекаРоссияInstitute of Disinfectology of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. ErismanRussian FederationИнститут дезинфектологии ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияInstitute of Disinfectology of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional EducationRussian Federation2024310720241037712717Copyright © Ильякова А.В., Гончар А.С., Еремеева Н.И., Демина Ю.В., 20242024Ильякова А.В., Гончар А.С., Еремеева Н.И., Демина Ю.В.Ilyakova A.V., Gonchar A.S., Eremeeva N.I., Demina Y.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4249Введение

Введение. Для оценки эффективности санитарной обработки технологического оборудования на мясоперерабатывающем предприятии проведена оценка микробной обсеменённости поверхностей технологического оборудования после мойки и дезинфекции с последующим определением чувствительности выделенных изолятов микроорганизмов к используемому дезинфицирующему средству (ДС).

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Исследования смывов с поверхностей технологического оборудования проводили на одном из отечественных мясоперерабатывающих предприятий, занимающемся производством колбасных и полуфабрикатных изделий из поступающего мясного сырья (говядина, свинина и мясо птицы). Отбор проб осуществляли на различных участках технологического процесса, включая технологические линии подготовки сырья, упаковки готовой продукции, производства колбас и сосисок, полуфабрикатов, фрикаделек. Идентификацию выделенных культур микроорганизмов проводили времяпролётной масс-спектрометрией на оборудовании MALDI-TOF, Bruker Daltonik GmbH. Чувствительность микроорганизмов оценивали в отношении используемого предприятием ДС на основе надуксусной кислоты (НУК) в рабочих концентрациях 0,02–0,1% (по НУК).

Результаты

Результаты. С поверхностей технологического оборудования выделен 71 изолят микроорганизмов: 42 изолята микроорганизмов после мойки и 29 изолятов после дезинфекции. Всего определён 31 вид микроорганизмов: грамположительные бактерии Lactococcus (n = 14), Enterococcus (n = 8), Staphylococcus (n = 7), Kocuria (n = 5), Bacillus (n = 5), Mycrobacterium (n = 2), Pediococcus (n = 1), Lactobacillus (n = 1), Corynebacterium (n = 1), Neisseria (n = 1), Weissella (n = 1); грамотрицательные бактерии Hafnia (n = 4), Escherichia (n = 1), Proteus (n = 1), Pseudomonas (n = 1), Kluyvera (n = 1), Morganella (n = 1), Aeromonas (n = 2); патогенные бактерии Listeria (n = 1); актиномицеты Actinomyces (n = 1), грибы Candida (n = 11), дрожжи Meyerozyma guilliermondii (n = 1).

Оценка устойчивости изолятов микроорганизмов к ДС в режимах, применяемых на мясоперерабатывающем предприятии, показала резистентность 33 (46,47%; 33/71) изолятов к воздействию раствора ДС в концентрации 0,02% (по НУК), у 10 изолятов (14,08%; 10/71) – к воздействию 0,07% (по НУК) раствора ДС, у 6 изолятов (8,45%; 6/71) – к воздействию 0,1% (по НУК) раствора ДС.

Ограничения исследования

Ограничения исследования. Исследование ограничено изучением эффективности санитарной обработки технологического оборудования лишь на одном предприятии мясоперерабатывающей промышленности.

Заключение

Заключение. Дезинфекция технологического оборудования обеспечивает инактивацию жизнеспособности условно патогенных и патогенных микроорганизмов. Однако в 46,51% проб смывов обнаружены микроорганизмы порчи пищевых продуктов, что определяет необходимость разработки методических документов по организации дезинфекционных мероприятий на технологических линиях пищевой промышленности с оценкой эффективности и ротацией ДС.

Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:Ильякова А.В. – сбор и обработка материала, экспериментальная работа, написание текста;Гончар А.С. – сбор и обработка материала, экспериментальная работа;Еремеева Н.И. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование;Демина Ю.В. – редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи.Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Поступила

Поступила: 09.04.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 16.05.2024 / Принята к печати: 19.06.2024 / Опубликована: 31.07.2024

Introduction

Introduction. To assess the efficiency of sanitary treatment of technological equipment at the meat processing industry enterprise, the assessment of microbial contamination of technological equipment surfaces after washing and disinfection with subsequent assessment of sensitivity of isolates of microorganisms to the used disinfectant was carried out.

Material and methods

Material and methods. Washes from the surfaces of technological equipment were studied at the one of domestic meat-processing enterprises engaged in the production of sausage and semi-finished products from incoming meat raw materials (beef, pork, and poultry meat). Sampling was carried out at various parts of the technological process, including technological line of raw material preparation, sausage production, semi-finished product for the production of meatballs and packaging. Identification of isolated cultures of microorganisms was carried out by time-of-flight mass spectrometry on MALDI-TOF equipment, Bruker Daltonik GmbH. The sensitivity of microorganisms was assessed in relation to the disinfectant based on peracetic acid (PAA) used at the enterprise in working PAA concentrations of 0.02–0.1%.

Results

Results. Seventy one microorganism isolates were isolated from the surfaces of technological equipment (42 microorganism isolates after washing and 29 isolates after disinfection). The microflora was represented by 31 species of microorganisms including Gram-positive bacteria – Lactococcus (n = 14), Enterococcus (n = 8), Staphylococcus (n = 7), Kocuria (n = 5), Bacillus (n = 5), Mycrobacterium (n = 2), Pediococcus (n = 1), Lactobacillus (n = 1), Corynebacterium (n = 1), Neisseria (n = 1), Weissella (n = 1); Gram-negative bacteria – Hafnia (n = 4), Escherichia (n = 1), Proteus (n = 1), Pseudomonas (n = 1), Kluyvera (n = 1), Morganella (n = 1), Aeromonas (n = 2); pathogenic bacteria – Listeria (n = 1); actinomycetes – Actinomyces (n = 1), fungi – Candida (n = 11), yeast – Meyerozyma guilliermondii (n = 1). According to the results of evaluation of resistance of microorganism isolates to disinfectant, in the regimes used at the meat processing plant, 33 (46.47 %, 33/71) isolates were found to be resistant to 0.02% PAA, 10 isolates (14.08%, 10/71) to 0.07% PAA, and 6 isolates (8.45%, 6/71) to 0.1% PAA.

Limitations

Limitations. The limitations of the study are related to evaluating the effectiveness of sanitary treatment of technological equipment at the only enterprise of the meat processing industry, other enterprises have not been studied.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Disinfection of technological equipment ensures inactivation of the viability of opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms. However, food spoilage microorganisms were revealed in 46.51% of the wash samples, which dictates the need to develop methodological documents on the management of disinfection measures on technological lines of the food industry with an assessment of efficiency and rotation of disinfectants.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study requires no the submission of a biomedical ethics committee opinion or other documents.

Contribution

Contribution:Ilyakova A.V. – material collection and processing, experimental work, statistical processing, writing the text;Gonchar A.S. – material collection and processing, experimental work;Eremeeva N.I. – research concept and design, editing;Demina Y.V. – editing, approval of the final version of the article.All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received

Received: April 9, 2024 / Revised: May 16, 2024 / Accepted: June 19, 2024 / Published: July 31, 2024

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.