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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-10-1129-1134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-429</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка напряжённости учебного труда и адаптационного потенциала учащихся общеобразовательных учреждений традиционного и профильного типов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the intensity of educational work and adaptation potential of children in schools of traditional and profile types</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7525-2657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачук</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachuk</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-2147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефимова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efimova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7685-9004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мыльникова</surname><given-names>Инна Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Myl’nikova</surname><given-names>Inna V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории экологогигиенических исследований ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований», 665827, Ангарск.</p><p>e-mail: medecolab@inbox.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., Senior Researcher, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: medecolab@inbox.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">medecolab@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1129</fpage><lpage>1134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ткачук Е.А., Ефимова Н.В., Мыльникова И.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ткачук Е.А., Ефимова Н.В., Мыльникова И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tkachuk E.A., Efimova N.V., Myl’nikova I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/429">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/429</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Изменения в системе образования оказывают значительное влияние на здоровье современных школьников.</p><p>Цель – изучить зависимость адаптационного потенциала школьников, обучающихся в школах различного типа, от напряжённости учебного труда.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено изучение по методике Р.М. Баевского адаптационных возможностей организма детей 7–17 лет в условиях различной напряжённости учебного труда. В школах традиционного типа обследованы 472, профильного – 482 человека. Статистическую значимость различий количественных признаков оценивали по t-критерию Стьюдента, качественных – критерию χ2. Оценку зависимости между двумя переменными проводили с применением коэффициента корреляции Спирмена.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При обучении в учреждениях профильного типа напряжённость учебного труда составляет 3,6–3,8 балла и оценивается как «напряжённая» у 52 ± 2,4% обучающихся, «очень напряжённая» – у 48 ± 2,4%. При традиционном обучении напряжённость учебного труда находится в пределах 1,6–3,5 балла и оценивается у большинства обучающихся как «допустимая», у 7,9 ± 1,4% – как «напряжённая». У обучающихся по программам с профильным изучением предметов наиболее чувствительным индикатором является интеллектуальная нагрузка. В школах профильного типа учащиеся в состоянии функционального напряжения в младших классах встречаются в 1,8 раза (р &lt; 0,002), в средних – в 2,2 раза (р &lt; 0,001) чаще, чем в школах традиционного типа. Однако в старших классах удельный вес детей с состоянием функционального напряжения имеет близкие значения при профильном и традиционном обучении (22–27%). Выявлена высокая прямая корреляционная связь между величинами адаптационного потенциала и интеллектуальных нагрузок.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проведённые исследования позволили выявить критерии учебных нагрузок, требующие пересмотра их объёма в учебной программе профильных школ. Доказано негативное влияние школьных нагрузок на адаптивные возможности растущего организма при занятиях по профильным программам.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Changes in the education system have an impact on the health of schoolchildren. </p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. To study the dependence of the adaptive capacity of schoolchildren studying in schools of various types on the intensity of educational work. </p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The adaptive abilities of the organism of children (aged 7-17 years) were studied in conditions of different intensity of the educational process. There were surveyed 472 cases from traditional schools, 482 people – from specialized schools. We evaluated the statistical significance of the differences in quantitative (Student t-test) and qualitative traits (χ2). The relationship was studied using the Spearman correlation coefficient. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The intensity of educational work accounted for 3.6–3.8 points in 52 ± 2.4% of students in specialized type; 1.6–3.5 - in traditional schools. Intellectual loading is the most sensitive index when training in programs with a specialized study of subjects. The adaptive potential of students of specialized schools in a state of functional stress in the lower grades is found by 1.8 times (p &lt; 0.002), on average - 2.2 times (p &lt; 0.001), more often than in traditional schools. However, the proportion of children with functional stress in the upper grades does not differ (22-27%). A high direct correlation was found between the values of the adaptive potential and intellectual loads. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Criteria for learning loads requiring a review of their volume in the curriculum of specialized schools are identified. The negative impact of school loads on the adaptive capabilities of a growing organism has been proven.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>школьники</kwd><kwd>напряжённость учебного труда</kwd><kwd>адаптационный потенциал</kwd><kwd>интеллектуальные и сенсорные нагрузки</kwd><kwd>профильное обучение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>schoolchildren</kwd><kwd>the intensity of educational work</kwd><kwd>adaptation potential</kwd><kwd>intellectual and sensory loads</kwd><kwd>specialized training</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зайцева Н.В., Устинова О.Ю., Лужецкий К.П., Маклакова О.А., Землянова М.А., Долгих О.В. и др. Риск-ориентированные нарушения здоровья учащихся начальных классов школьных образовательных организаций с повышенным уровнем интенсивности и напряжённости учебно-воспитательного процесса. 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