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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-9-920-924</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">hagtcl</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4348</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности микробиома почв захоронений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the microbiome of burial soils</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2275-9010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ушакова</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ushakova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: Oushakova@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, leading researcher of the Hygiene Department, A.N. Sysin Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene of the Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: Oushakova@cspmz.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Oushakova@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2067-8014</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахманин</surname><given-names>Юрий Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhmanin</surname><given-names>Yuriy A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, гл. науч. сотр. ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: awme@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., professor, academician of the RAS, Chief scientific adviser of the A.N. Sysin Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene of the Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: awme@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">awme@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5765-0192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евсеева</surname><given-names>Ирина Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evseeva</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: Ievseeva@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, senior researcher at the Hygiene Department, A.N. Sysin Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene of the Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: Ievseeva@cspmz.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ievseeva@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды имени А.Н. Сысина ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.N. Sysin Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene of the Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the FMBA</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды имени А.Н. Сысина ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства; ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.N. Sysin Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene of the Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the FMBA; Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>920</fpage><lpage>924</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ушакова О.В., Рахманин Ю.А., Евсеева И.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ушакова О.В., Рахманин Ю.А., Евсеева И.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ushakova O.V., Rakhmanin Y.A., Evseeva I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4348">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4348</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В Российской Федерации, как и во многих странах, значительные площади отведены под захоронения. В зависимости от химического и биологического воздействия может происходить изменение микробного состава почвы территорий захоронения. На этот процесс влияет множество факторов: влажность, исходное содержание органических и минеральных веществ, уровень кислотности, структура почвы и особенности протекания внутрипочвенных газофазных реакций. Ключевыми участниками процесса разложения органического материала являются бактерии и грибы, многообразие и динамика которых напрямую зависят от степени загрязнения почв поллютантами.</p><p>Цель исследования — анализ микробиоты кладбищенской почвы в различных её слоях.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Объектами исследования для оценки микробиома почв были кладбища Москвы (Николо-Хованское, Николо-Архангельское, Перепеченское), Московской (Мытищинское, Домодедовское), Тульской (Городское кладбище № 1 МКП КСО, г. Тула), Курской (старое городское кладбище, г. Курчатов) областей, Красноярского (г. Железногорск) и Алтайского (г. Яровое) краёв.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что наиболее распространёнными в изученных почвах бактериями являются Enterococcus spp. (81%), Bacillus spp. (75%) и кишечная палочка (45,1%). Грибы Penicillium spp. выделены из 61% проб. Выявленные профили микробиоты образцов исследованных кладбищенских почв отражают микробный состав тела человека, что позволяет обосновать основные методы и алгоритм идентификации процессов разложения в зависимости от временных рамок захоронений.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничение исследования</title><p>Ограничение исследования. Ограничением исследования является то, что не оценивался риск контакта с кладбищенской почвой, поскольку не все роды выделенных микроорганизмов можно было идентифицировать по их биохимическим свойствам.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Исследования, проведённые на территориях кладбищ, показали, насколько разнообразен микробиом почв в местах захоронений и различен в зависимости от глубины отбора проб. Выделенные в ходе исследования профили микробиоты образцов кладбищенской почвы отражают прижизненный микробный состав тела человека, что позволяет обосновать подходы к идентификации процессов разложения в зависимости от временных рамок захоронений.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требовало одобрения локального этического комитета.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Ушакова О.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, сбор материала и обработка данных, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи; Рахманин Ю.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи; Евсеева И.С. — сбор материала и обработка данных. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследования проводились в рамках государственного задания по теме «Мониторинг» в ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 16.04.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 03.06.2024 / Принята к печати: 19.06.2024 / Опубликована: 16.10.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. On the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as worldwide, a large amount of space is allocated for burials. The soils found in the burial areas have their own characteristics. In the scientific literature there is a few works devoted to the problem of hygienic assessment of cemeteries from the point of view of their impact on the environment, as well as on the population living next to necrosols or working on them. Depending on the chemical and biological effects, the microbial composition of the soil changes. This process is influenced by many factors, including humidity, the initial content of organic and mineral substances, level of acidity, structure of the soil and peculiarities of the course of intra-soil gas-phase reactions. The key participants in the decomposition of organic material are bacteria and fungi, the diversity and dynamics of which directly depend on the degree of soil contamination with pollutants.</p><p>The purpose of this study was to analyze the microbiota of cemetery soil in its various layers. </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The cemeteries of Moscow (NikoloKhovanskoye, Nikolo-Arkhangelskoye, Perepechenskoye), Moscow (Mytishchenskoye, Domodedovo), Tula (Municipal Cemetery No. 1 of the Municipal State Enterprise of the Municipal Formation of the City of Tula Combine of Specialized Services), Kursk (old city cemetery Kurchatov), Krasnoyarsk (Zheleznogorsk) regions and Altai (Yarovoye) Krais were selected as research objects for assessing the microbiome of soils.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The most common bacterial pathogens were found to be Enterococcus spp. (81%), Bacillus spp. (75%) and E. coli (45.1%). Mushrooms of Penicillium spp.. were isolated from 61% of the samples. The revealed microbiota profiles of the samples of the studied cemetery soils reflect the microbial composition of humans, which allows substantiating the main methods and algorithm for identifying decomposition processes depending on the time frame of burials.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The limitation of the study is due to the risk of contact with cemetery soil was not assessed, since not all genera of isolated microorganisms could be identified by their biochemical properties.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Studies conducted in cemetery areas have shown how diverse the soil microbiome is in burial sites and varies depending on the depth of sampling. The microbiota profiles of cemetery soil samples identified during the study reflect the lifetime microbial composition of the human body, which makes it possible to substantiate approaches to identifying decomposition processes depending on the time frame of burials.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The approval of the local ethics committee is not required for this study.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Ushakova O.V. — the concept and design of the study, writing the text, collecting material and processing data, editing, approving the final version of the article; Rakhmanin Yu.A. — the concept and design of the study, editing, approving the final version of the article; Evseeva I.S. — collecting material and processing data. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. Acknowledgment. The research was carried out within the framework of the state task on the topic “Monitoring” at the Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the FMBA of Russia.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: April 19, 2024 / Revised: June 3, 2024 / Accepted: June 19, 2024 / Published: October 16, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кладбища</kwd><kwd>микробиом</kwd><kwd>почва</kwd><kwd>микробиологический риск</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cemeteries</kwd><kwd>microbiome</kwd><kwd>soil</kwd><kwd>microbiological risk</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Üçisik A.S., Rushbrook P. The Impact of Cemeteries on the Environment and Public Health: an Introductory Briefing. Copenhagen: WHO; 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Üçisik A.S., Rushbrook P. 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