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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-9-999-1008</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">qemcrs</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4360</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние полиморфизма гена CAT на чувствительность лимфоцитов человека к генотоксическому действию хлорорганического пестицида in vitro</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of CAT gene polymorphism on sensitivity of human lymphocytes to genotoxic effect of organochlorine pesticide in vitro</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-6507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ракитский</surname><given-names>Валерий Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakitskii</surname><given-names>Valery N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Академик РАН, научный руководитель Института гигиены, токсикологии пестицидов и химической безопасности ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: rakitskii.vn@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci, prof., academician of RAS, head of the Center for Hygienic Regulation of Agricultural Chemicals of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: rakitskii.vn@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rakitskii.vn@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9122-9465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Илюшина</surname><given-names>Наталия Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyushina</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, зав. отд. генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ilushina.na@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., head of the Dept. of Genetic Toxicology of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ilushina.na@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilushina.na@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-8771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>Ольга Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: egorova.ov@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, leading researcher of the Dept. of Genetic Toxicology of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: egorova.ov@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egorova.ov@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2973-8776</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аверьянова</surname><given-names>Наталья Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Averianova</surname><given-names>Natalia S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: averyanova.ns@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior Researcher of the Dept. of Genetic Toxicology of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: averyanova.ns@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">averyanova.ns@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4333-9288</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котнова</surname><given-names>Алина Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotnova</surname><given-names>Alina P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: kotnova.ap@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, senior researcher of the Dept. of Genetic Toxicology of the Institute of Hygiene, Toxicology of Pesticides and Chemical Safety of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: kotnova.ap@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kotnova.ap@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0028-2522</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горенская</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorenskaya</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: gorenskaya.ov@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior Researcher of the Dept. of Genetic Toxicology of the Institute of Hygiene, Toxicology of Pesticides and Chemical Safety of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: gorenskaya.ov@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorenskaya.ov@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7415-5513</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатьев</surname><given-names>Семен Дмитриевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatyev</surname><given-names>Semen D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ignatev.sd@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher of the Dept. of Genetic Toxicology of the Institute of Hygiene, Toxicology of Pesticides and Chemical Safety of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ignatev.sd@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ignatev.sd@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>999</fpage><lpage>1008</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ракитский В.Н., Илюшина Н.А., Егорова О.В., Аверьянова Н.С., Котнова А.П., Горенская О.В., Игнатьев С.Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ракитский В.Н., Илюшина Н.А., Егорова О.В., Аверьянова Н.С., Котнова А.П., Горенская О.В., Игнатьев С.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rakitskii V.N., Ilyushina N.A., Egorova O.V., Averianova N.S., Kotnova A.P., Gorenskaya O.V., Ignatyev S.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4360">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4360</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В последние десятилетия в токсикогенетических исследованиях особое внимание уделяют вопросам нестабильности генома при действии генотоксикантов с учётом биомаркеров чувствительности. Настоящее исследование посвящено изучению чувствительности лимфоцитов периферической крови доноров к хлорпирифосу in vitro и оценке вклада полиморфизма генов системы антиоксидантной защиты [CAT (rs1001179), SOD2 (rs4880)] в ответ клеток человека на действие генотоксиканта. Вопрос о генотоксическом потенциале хлорпирифоса остаётся открытым, так как в разнообразных тестах выявлены как позитивные, так и негативные эффекты.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Оценка ДНК-повреждающего действия хлорпирифоса выполнена на лимфоцитах 52 доноров методом ДНК-кометного анализа в условиях метаболической активации (+S9) и без неё (−S9). Исследование цитотоксических эффектов хлорпирифоса на лимфоцитах человека проведено с помощью автоматического флуоресцентного клеточного анализатора ADAMII LS.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Хлорпирифос оказывал выраженное цитотоксическое действие на лимфоциты большинства доноров в отсутствие системы метаболической активации. При увеличении концентрации пестицида в среде и времени культивирования жизнеспособность лимфоцитов падала, росла доля клеток в позднем апоптозе и некрозе. Позитивные генотоксические эффекты выявлены на клетках 33 доноров (−S9). В присутствии смеси S9 слабые, но статистически значимые эффекты выявлены только для клеток двух доноров. Величины показателя «% ДНК в хвосте комет» после воздействия пестицида отличались для клеток разных доноров. В отсутствие метаболической активации обнаружено статистически значимое повышение уровня повреждений ДНК в клетках лиц с генотипом AA (гомозигота по минорному аллелю) по гену каталазы CAT G262A (rs1001179) по сравнению с гомозиготой по доминантному аллелю GG.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничение исследования</title><p>Ограничение исследования. Изучение генотоксичности хлорпирифоса проведено в условиях in vitro.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты настоящего исследования свидетельствуют о цитотоксическом и генотоксическом действии хлорпирифоса. Установлено, что чувствительность к этому пестициду клеток разных доноров может в значительной степени отличаться. Показана ассоциация уровня повреждений ДНК при воздействии хлорпирифоса в условиях in vitro с полиморфизмом G262A гена каталазы. Результаты исследования также подтверждают возможность использования лимфоцитов периферической крови как модельной системы для оценки потенциального генетического риска для человека и изучения вклада полиморфизма генов в индивидуальную чувствительность к действию генотоксикантов.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование с участием добровольцев одобрено Этическим комитетом ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора (протокол № 1 от 29.09.2020 г.). Все доноры дали информированное согласие на участие в исследовании.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Ракитский В.Н. — научное руководство; Илюшина Н.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор данных литературы, анализ результатов, написание текста; Егорова О.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и данных литературы, анализ результатов, написание текста;Аверьянова Н.С., Котнова А.П., Горенская О.В. — сбор материала; Игнатьев С.Д. — обработка материала. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Благодарности</title><p>Благодарности. Авторы выражают благодарность компании ООО «Биолайн» и лично Эдуарду Мингазову за возможность проведения исследования по оценке цитотоксических эффектов с помощью автоматического флуоресцентного клеточного анализатора ADAMII LS, Nano Entek, полученного по договору безвозмездной аренды.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 21.06.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 14.08.2024 / Принята к печати: 23.09.2024 / Опубликована: 16.10.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Over recent decades, toxicogenetic studies have focused on the issues of genome instability under the action of genotoxicants, taking into account biomarkers of sensitivity. The question about the genotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos remains open, since both positive and negative effects have been revealed in various tests.</p><p>The aim of the study is the investigation of sensitivity of donor peripheral blood lymphocytes to chlorpyrifos in vitro and evaluation of the contribution of polymorphism of antioxidant defense system genes (CAT (rs1001179), SOD2 (rs4880)) to the response of human cells to the action of genotoxicant.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The DNA damaging effect of chlorpyrifos was assessed on lymphocytes from fifty two donors using DNA-comet assay with metabolic activation (+S9) and without it (–S9). The study of cytotoxic effects of chlorpyrifos on human lymphocytes was carried out using an automatic fluorescent cell analyzer ADAMII LS.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Chlorpyrifos had a pronounced cytotoxic effect on lymphocytes in most donors in the absence of metabolic activation system. With increasing concentration of the pesticide in the medium and time of cultivation, the viability of lymphocytes decreased, and the proportion of cells in late apoptosis and necrosis increased. Positive genotoxic effects were found on the cells of 33 donors (-S9). In the presence of the S9, mild but statistically significant effects were detected only on cells from 2 donors. % DNA values in the comet tail after exposure to the pesticide varied for cells from different donors. In the absence of metabolic activation, a statistically significant increase in the level of DNA damage was found in cells of individuals with genotype AA (homozygote for the minor allele) for the CAT G262A catalase gene (rs1001179), compared with homozygote for the dominant GG allele.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The genotoxicity of chlorpyryfos was studied in vitro.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results of the study shown cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of chlorpyrifos. The sensitivity of lymphocytes from different donors to the pesticide was found to be significantly different. The association of the level of DNA damage under exposure of chlorpyrifos in vitro with the G262A polymorphism of the catalase gene was found. The research also confirms the possibility of using a model test-system with peripheral blood lymphocytes to assess the potential genetic risk for humans and to study the contribution of gene polymorphism to individual sensitivity to the action of genotoxicants.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, (Protocol No. 1, September 29, 2020).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Rakitskii V.N. — academic supervision; Ilyushina N.A. — concept and design of the study, processing of material, analysis of the results; writing the text; Egorova O.V. — concept and design of the study, collecting and processing of material, analysis of the results; writing the text; Averianova N.S., Kotnova A.P., Gorenskaya O.V. — the collection of material; Ignatyev S.D. — processing of material. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interests</title><p>Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgements</title><p>Acknowledgements. The authors thank to Bioline LLC and personally to Eduard Mingazov for the opportunity to conduct the study on the assessment of cytotoxic effects using the ADAMII LS, Nano Entek automated fluorescent cell analyzer obtained under a gratuitous lease agreement.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: June 21, 2024 / Revised: August 14, 2024 / Accepted:  September 23, 2024 / Published: October 16, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генотоксическое действие</kwd><kwd>индивидуальная чувствительность</kwd><kwd>метод ДНК-комет</kwd><kwd>лимфоциты человека</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм генов</kwd><kwd>каталаза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genotoxic effect</kwd><kwd>individual sensitivity</kwd><kwd>DNA-comet assay</kwd><kwd>human lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>gene polymorphism</kwd><kwd>catalase</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бочков Н.П., Пузырев В.П., Смирнихина С.А. 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