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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-9-1009-1016</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">tgpbqs</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4361</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка нарушений метаболических процессов на основе квантификации белков-мишеней у детей при аэрогенном воздействии оксида алюминия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of disorders of metabolic process on the base of quantification of target proteins under aerogenic influence of aluminum oxide in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-1145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>Нина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>Nina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, научный руководитель ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия; ФГБУ «Российская академия наук» (Секция профилактической медицины), 119071, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: znv@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci, professor, Academician of the RAS, Scientific Head of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation; RAS, Department of Medical Sciences (Section of Preventive Medicine), Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: znv@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">znv@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-9613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Землянова</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemlyanova</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. отд. биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия; ФГБОУ ВО «Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет», 614990, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: zem@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci, professor, head of Department of Biochemical and Cytogenetic Diagnostics of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 614045, Russian Federation; Perm State National Research University, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: zem@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zem@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8050-3059</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пескова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Peskova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант, мл. науч. сотр. лаб. биохимической и наносенсорной диагностики отдела биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: peskova@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate student, junior researcher, Department of biochemical and cytogenetic diagnostic methods of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: peskova@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">peskova@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-9097</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булатова</surname><given-names>Наталья Ивановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulatova</surname><given-names>Natalia I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. лаб. биохимической и наносенсорной диагностики отдела биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: 1179815@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Department of biochemical and cytogenetic diagnostic methods of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: 1179815@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">1179815@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; ГБУ «Российская академия наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies; Russian Federation Academy of Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences (Section of Preventive Medicine)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; ФГБОУ ВО «Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies; Perm State National Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>1009</fpage><lpage>1016</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зайцева Н.В., Землянова М.А., Пескова Е.В., Булатова Н.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зайцева Н.В., Землянова М.А., Пескова Е.В., Булатова Н.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zaitseva N.V., Zemlyanova M.A., Peskova E.V., Bulatova N.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4361">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4361</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Исследование механизмов возникновения неблагоприятных событий на молекулярном уровне с последующим изучением биологических процессов на клеточно-тканевом и органном позволяет глубже изучить токсическое действие химических веществ для прогнозирования развития негативных эффектов у человека.</p><p>Цель исследования — оценить нарушения сигнально-транспортных путей метаболических процессов на основе квантификации идентифицированных белков-мишеней у детей при аэрогенном воздействии оксида алюминия.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Методами химико-аналитического, статистического, протеомного, биохимического, гистологического исследования и биоинформационного анализа проведена оценка негативных эффектов у детей 4‒7 лет, находившихся в условиях длительной аэрогенной экспозиции оксидом алюминия, и крыс линии Wistar, подвергавшихся ингаляционной экспозиции Al2O3. Проведён сопоставительный анализ результатов, полученных в натурных условиях и в эксперименте.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что у детей в условиях длительной аэрогенной экспозиции Al2O3 на уровне 0,1‒1 RfC концентрация изучаемого вещества в моче до двух раз превышает средний показатель сравнения и референтное значение. В эксперименте при хроническом ингаляционном поступлении Al2O3 в дозе, эквивалентной реальной, у крыс содержание алюминия в моче было в 3,5 раза выше показателя контроля. При сравнительном анализе протеомных карт у детей установлено 23 достоверно различающихся белковых пятна, из которых 8 имели связь изменения интенсивности с повышением концентрации Al в моче. У крыс установлено 15 достоверно различающихся белковых пятен между группами, из которых 13 имели достоверную связь с маркёром экспозиции. В натурных и экспериментальных исследованиях установлено только два тождественных белка (аполипопротеин А-I и транстиретин), повышены уровни АЛАТ, АСАТ и щелочной фосфатазы, общего и прямого билирубина, гамма-аминомасляной и глутаминовой кислот, гидроперекиси липидов в сыворотке крови, повышен МДА и снижена АОА в плазме крови. Подтверждены патоморфологические изменения в тканях головного мозга, сердца и печени в эксперименте.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Проведённое исследование позволяет сделать вывод о влиянии Al2O3 на организм только при аэрогенном пути поступлении.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. На основе биоинформационного анализа полученных результатов и оценки причинно-следственных связей трансформации протеомного профиля плазмы крови в натурных условиях, верифицированных в эксперименте, выявлены ведущие молекулярно-клеточные события развития негативных эффектов в виде окисления, дисбаланса обмена липопротеинов и нейротрансмиттеров, снижения активности нейрогенеза. Прогнозируются метаболические нарушения в тканях сердца, сосудов, печени и головного мозга при сохраняющихся условиях аэрогенной экспозиции Al2O3. Исследование каскада событий негативных реакций (от молекулярного до органного уровня) расширяет знания о патогенетических механизмах метаболических процессов дисрегуляции сигнально-транспортёрных путей в организме человека в ответ на воздействие химического фактора, в том числе Al2O3. Это повышает эффективность раннего прогноза развития патологий и позволяет своевременно разработать адресные меры профилактики негативных последствий.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Экспериментальные исследования на биологической модели проведены с соблюдением требований Европейской конвенции по защите позвоночных животных, используемых в экспериментальных или в иных научных целях (ETS № 123). Обследование детей выполнено с соблюдением этических принципов Хельсинкской декларации Всемирной медицинской ассоциации (2013 г.). Исследования одобрены Комитетом по биомедицинской этике ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН» (протокол заседания № 1 от 4.02.2021 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Зайцева Н.В. — редактирование; Землянова М.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Пескова Е.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор данных литературы, статистическая обработка материала, написание текста; Булатова Н.И. — обработка материала. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование выполнено за счёт средств федерального бюджета.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 12.08.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 22.08.2024 / Принята к печати: 23.09.2024 / Опубликована: 16.10.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The study of the mechanisms of the occurrence of adverse events at the molecular level, followed by the study of biological processes at the cellular, tissue, and organ level, allows further investigating the mechanism of the toxic action of chemicals to predict the development of adverse effects in humans.</p><p>The purpose of the study is to evaluate disturbances in the signal-transporter pathways of metabolic processes on the base of the quantification of identified target proteins under aerogenic exposure to aluminum oxide in children.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Using the methods of chemical-analytical, statistical, proteomic, biochemical, histological research, and bioinformation analysis, the adverse effects were assessed in 4–7 years children and Wistar rats exposed to aerogenic and inhalation exposure to aluminum oxide (Al2O3). A comparative analysis of the results obtained in the experiment and natural conditions was carried out.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In children under conditions of long-term aerogenic exposure to Al2O3 at the level of 0.1–1.0 RfC, the urine concentration of the studied substance was found to be up to 2 times higher than the average comparison value and the reference value. In the experiment with chronic inhalation of Al2O3 at a dose equivalent to the real one, the aluminum urine content in rats was 3.5 times higher than the control value. Comparative analysis of proteomic maps in children revealed 23 significantly different protein spots, 8 of which had a relationship between intensity changes and an increase in Al urine concentration. In rats, 15 significantly different protein spots were found between the groups, 13 of which had a reliable relationship with the exposure marker. In natural and experimental studies, only two identical proteins were found: apolipoprotein A-I and transthyretin; increased levels of ALAT, ASAT and alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin, gamma-aminobutyric and glutamic acids, lipid hydroperoxide in the blood serum; increased MDA and decreased AOA in the blood plasma. Pathomorphological changes in the tissues of the brain, heart, and liver were confirmed in the experiment.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The research conducted allows drawing a conclusion about the effect of Al2O3 on the body only through the aerogenic route of entry.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Based on the bioinformational analysis of the results obtained and assessment of the cause-and-effect relationships of the transformation of the proteomic profile of blood plasma under natural conditions, verified in the experiment, the leading molecular-cellular events in the development of adverse effects in the form of oxidation, imbalance of lipoprotein and neurotransmitter metabolism, and decreased neurogenesis activity were identified. Metabolic disorders are predicted in the tissues of the heart, blood vessels, liver, and brain under continued conditions of aerogenic exposure to Al2O3. The study of the cascade of events of adverse responses (from the molecular to the organ level) expands knowledge about the pathogenetic mechanisms of metabolic processes of dysregulation of signal-transporter pathways in the human body in response to the influence of a chemical factor, including Al2O3. This increases the effectiveness of early prediction of the occurrence of the disease and the development of targeted measures to prevent adverse consequences.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. Experimental studies on a biological model were conducted in compliance with the requirements of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrates Used for Experimental or Other Scientific Purposes (ETS No. 123). The examination of children was carried out in compliance with the ethical principles of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (2013). The research was approved by the Committee on Biomedical Ethics of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “FNC MPT URZN” (minutes of meeting No. 1 dated 02/14/2021).</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions: Zaitseva N.V. — editing; Zemlyanova M.A. — concept and design of research, editing; Peskova E.V. — concept and design of research, collection of literature data, statistical processing of material, writing of text; Bulatova N.I. — material processing. All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study was carried out at the expense of the Federal budget</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: August 12, 2024 / Revised: August 22, 2024 / Accepted: September 23, 2024 / Published: October 16, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>протеомное профилирование</kwd><kwd>иерархическая организация</kwd><kwd>здоровье человека</kwd><kwd>биологическая модель</kwd><kwd>алюминий в организме</kwd><kwd>биоинформационный анализ</kwd><kwd>сигнально-транспортёрные пути</kwd><kwd>негативные эффекты</kwd><kwd>прогнозные оценки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>proteomic profiling</kwd><kwd>hierarchical organization</kwd><kwd>human health</kwd><kwd>biological model</kwd><kwd>aluminum in the body</kwd><kwd>bioinformation analysis</kwd><kwd>signal transporter pathways</kwd><kwd>negative effects</kwd><kwd>predictive assessments</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hilton I.B., Gersbach C.A. 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