<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-9-1017-1024</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">vwrukq</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4362</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новый подход к оценке кардиовазотоксического действия наночастиц на организм в токсикологическом эксперименте</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A novel approach to assessing cardiotoxic effects of nanoparticles in a toxicological experiment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0927-4062</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клинова</surname><given-names>Светлана Владиславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klinova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, зав. лаб. промышленной токсикологии ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: klinova.svetlana@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., head of the Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center Prevention and Occupational Health of Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: klinova.svetlana@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klinova.svetlana@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-7845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минигалиева</surname><given-names>Ильзира Амировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minigalieva</surname><given-names>Ilzira A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, зав. отд. токсикологии и биологической профилактики, ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DScl., head of the Department of Toxicology and Biological Prophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center Prevention and Occupational Health of Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russia</p><p>e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сутункова</surname><given-names>Марина Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sutunkova</surname><given-names>Marina P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, директор ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия; доцент, и. о. зав. каф. гигиены и медицины труда ФГБОУ ВО УГМУ Минздрава России, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: sutunkova@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci. (Medicine), Director of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center Prevention and Occupational Health of Industrial Workers, 620014, Yekaterinburg,620014, Russian Federation; Associate Professor, Acting Head of the Department of Occupational Hygiene and Medicine, Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, 620028, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: sutunkova@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sutunkova@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-5287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валамина</surname><given-names>Ирина Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valamina</surname><given-names>Irene E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент, зав. гистологической Центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории УГМУ, 620028, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ivalamina@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate professor, head of the Histology Central Research Laboratory of the Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg, 620028, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ivalamina@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivalamina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3853-1571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герцен</surname><given-names>Оксана Павловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerzen</surname><given-names>Oksana P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, науч. сотр. ИИФ УрО РАН, 620078, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: o.p.gerzen@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, researcher, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620078, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: o.p.gerzen@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.p.gerzen@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7174-2357</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Лариса Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>Larisa V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. ИИФ УрО РАН, 620078, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: laranikita63@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci. (Biol.), leading researcher, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620078, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: laranikita63@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">laranikita63@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-0479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябова</surname><given-names>Юлия Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabova</surname><given-names>Yuliya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, зав. лаб. научных основ биологической профилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ryabovaiuvl@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, head of Laboratory of Scientific Foundations of Biological Prophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center Prevention and Occupational Health of Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ryabovaiuvl@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ryabovaiuvl@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7029-3406</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаихова</surname><given-names>Дарья Рамильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaikhova</surname><given-names>Daria R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. отд. молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: darya.boo@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Department of Molecular Biology and Electron Microscopy, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center Prevention and Occupational Health of Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: darya.boo@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">darya.boo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-8777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеломенцев</surname><given-names>Иван Глебович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelomentsev</surname><given-names>Ivan G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. отд. молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: shelomencev@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Department of Molecular Biology and Electron Microscopy, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center Prevention and Occupational Health of Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: shelomencev@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shelomencev@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3960-6830</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафина</surname><given-names>Илина Закарияновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mustafina</surname><given-names>Ilina Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, зав. учебной частью ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО, 125993, Москва, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Med.), head of the study section Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 125445, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4695-1755</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлов</surname><given-names>Михаил Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlov</surname><given-names>Mihail S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. юридич. наук, доцент кафедры организации санитарно-эпидемиологической службы ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО, 125993, Москва, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Law), associate professor, section Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 125445, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский–научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский–научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers; Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Институт иммунологии и физиологии» Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>1017</fpage><lpage>1024</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Клинова С.В., Минигалиева И.А., Сутункова М.П., Валамина И.Е., Герцен О.П., Никитина Л.В., Рябова Ю.В., Шаихова Д.Р., Шеломенцев И.Г., Мустафина И.З., Орлов М.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клинова С.В., Минигалиева И.А., Сутункова М.П., Валамина И.Е., Герцен О.П., Никитина Л.В., Рябова Ю.В., Шаихова Д.Р., Шеломенцев И.Г., Мустафина И.З., Орлов М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klinova S.V., Minigalieva I.A., Sutunkova M.P., Valamina I.E., Gerzen O.P., Nikitina L.V., Ryabova Y.V., Shaikhova D.R., Shelomentsev I.G., Mustafina I.Z., Orlov M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4362">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4362</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Исследование кардиовазотоксического эффекта наночастиц — это многоэтапный и сложный процесс, в котором применяется комплексный подход. В токсикологическую практику наряду с общепринятыми методами исследования активно внедряются молекулярно-биологические методы исследования с использованием высокочувствительного оборудования.</p><p>Цель исследования — изучение нового подхода к оценке кардиовазотоксического действия наночастиц от молекулярного уровня до функционального ответа целостного организма.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для оценки кардиовазотоксического действия наночастиц на организм крыс изучали изменения на молекулярном (соотношение тяжёлых цепей миозина), субклеточном (исследование на электронном микроскопе), клеточно-тканевом (гистологический анализ) и системно-органном уровнях (неинвазивная регистрация электрокардиограммы и параметров артериального давления, определение биохимических показателей сыворотки крови). Предлагаемый методический подход был апробирован в экспериментальном исследовании на крысах при воздействии наночастиц оксидов свинца и кадмия.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В результате проведённых токсикологических исследований в соответствии с разработанной системой оценки кардиотоксичности наночастиц был показан кардиовазотоксический эффект изолированного и комбинированного действия оксидов свинца и кадмия.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Изучены основные показатели кардиовазотоксического действия наночастиц на организм в токсикологическом эксперименте только на одном виде животных (лабораторная крыса) с использованием одной дозы и одного вида наночастиц.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Анализ данных выявил разную степень проявления кардиотоксичности наночастиц на молекулярном, внутриклеточном, клеточном, тканевом, органном и организменном уровнях. Применение данного подхода позволит дать углублённую оценку воздействия частиц нанометрового диапазона на сердце и сосуды для выявления рисков возникновения болезней сердечно-сосудистой системы.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Протокол исследования одобрен Локальным независимым этическим комитетом ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора (протокол № 2 от 20.04.2021 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Клинова С.В. — дизайн исследования, проведение эксперимента, сбор и обработка данных, написание текста, подготовка рисунков; Минигалиева И.А., Сутункова М.П., Никитина Л.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, научное редактирование; Валамина И.Е., Шеломенцев И.Г. — сбор и обработка данных, написание текста, подготовка рисунков; Герцен О.П. — проведение эксперимента, сбор и обработка данных; Рябова Ю.В., Шаихова Д.Р. — сбор и обработка данных, написание текста; Мустафина И.З., Орлов М.С. — научное редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Изучение изменения соотношения тяжёлых цепей миозина осуществлялось в рамках государственной программы № 122022200089–4 (ИИФ УрО РАН).</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 19.04.2024 / Принята к печати: 23.09.2024 / Опубликована: 16.10.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The study of nanoparticles for potential cardiotoxic effects is a comprehensive multi-stage process based on an integrated approach. Along with generally accepted research methods, molecular biology techniques using modern highly sensitive equipment are being actively introduced into toxicology testing.</p><p>The aim of the study was to describe a novel approach to assessing cardiotoxic effects of nanoparticles, from the molecular level to the functional response of the whole organism.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Our new approach to assessing cardiotoxic effects of nanoparticles in rats included the examination of changes at the molecular (e.g., the ratio of myosin heavy chains), subcellular (by electron microscopy), cellular and tissue (by histological testing), system and organ (by non-invasive recording of electrocardiogram and blood pressure parameters and biochemical testing of blood serum) levels. We have tested the proposed approach by evaluating lead (PBO) and cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles in rats.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Hypotension observed after PbO and/or CdO nanoparticle exposure indicates to the damage to the vascular bed due to penetration and accumulation of the nanoparticles in vascular cells, as well as direct damage to the endothelium, increased oxidative stress, and inflammation. In accordance with the system for assessing nanoparticle-induced cardiotoxicity developed on the basis of toxicology test results, lead and cadmium oxides, both separately and combined, have a pronounced cardiotoxic effect.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. Our work was limited to examining the main indicators of the cardiotoxic effects of nanoparticles in a toxicological experiment on one animal species (rats).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The data analysis revealed varying degrees of manifestation of nanoparticle cardiotoxicity, both at the molecular level and at the intracellular, cellular, tissue, organ, and body levels. The use of this approach will allow a better in-depth assessing effects of nano-sized particles on the heart and blood vessels for identification of risks for cardiovascular disease.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was carried out in accordance with the ethical standards for the treatment of animals adopted by the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used Experimental and other Scientific Purposes. The study design was approved by the institutional Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers (protocol No. 2 of April 20, 2021).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Klinova S.V. — study design, conducting the experiment, data collection and analysis, writing text, figure preparation; Minigalieva I.A., Sutunkova M.P., Nikitina L.V. — study conception and design, scientific editing; Valamina I.E., Shelomentsev I.G. — data collection and analysis, draft manuscript and figure preparation; Gerzen O.P. — conducting the experiment, data collection and analysis; Ryabova Yu.V., Shaikhova D.R. — conducting the experiment, data collection and analysis; Mustafina I.Z., Orlov M.S. — scientific editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of its final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interests</title><p>Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study of changes in the ratio of myosin heavy chains was carried out within the framework of the state. program No. 122022200089-4 (Institute of Immunology and Physiology Ural Branch RAS).</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: April 19, 2024 / Accepted: September 23, 2024 / Published: October 16, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кардиотоксичность</kwd><kwd>наночастицы</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистая система</kwd><kwd>подход к оценке кардиотоксичности</kwd><kwd>экспериментальные исследования</kwd><kwd>экспериментальные модели in vitro</kwd><kwd>экспериментальные модели in vivo</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiotoxicity</kwd><kwd>nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular system</kwd><kwd>approach to assessing cardiotoxicity</kwd><kwd>experimental studies</kwd><kwd>in vitro experimental models</kwd><kwd>in vivo experimental models</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. Global Health Estimates: Life expectancy and leading causes of death and disability; 2019. Available at: https://who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. Global Health Estimates: Life expectancy and leading causes of death and disability; 2019. Available at: https://who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. Reveals leading causes of death and disability worldwide: 2000–2019; 2020. Available at: https://who.int/news/item/09-12-2020-who-reveals-leading-causes-of-death-and-disability-worldwide-2000-2019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. Reveals leading causes of death and disability worldwide: 2000–2019; 2020. Available at: https://who.int/news/item/09-12-2020-who-reveals-leading-causes-of-death-and-disability-worldwide-2000-2019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global health estimates: Leading causes of death. Cause-specific mortality, 2000–2021. Available at: https://who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates/ghe-leading-causes-of-death</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global health estimates: Leading causes of death. Cause-specific mortality, 2000–2021. Available at: https://who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates/ghe-leading-causes-of-death</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma W., He S., Xu Y., Qi G., Ma H., Bang J.J., et al. Ameliorative effect of sodium selenite on silver nanoparticles-induced myocardiocyte structural alterations in rats. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 2020; 15: 8281–92. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S271457</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma W., He S., Xu Y., Qi G., Ma H., Bang J.J., et al. Ameliorative effect of sodium selenite on silver nanoparticles-induced myocardiocyte structural alterations in rats. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 2020; 15: 8281–92. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S271457</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Торопова Я.Г., Осяев Н.Ю., Мухамадияров Р.А. Перфузия изолированного сердца методами Лангендорфа и Нилли: особенности техники и применение в современных исследованиях. Трансляционная медицина. 2014; (4): 34–9. https://elibrary.ru/tsndtr</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toropova Ya.G., Osyaev N.Yu., Mukhamadiyarov R.A. Perfusion of the isolated heart by Langendorff and Neely methods: particular techniques and applications in recent scientific research. Translyatsionnaya meditsina. 2014; (4): 34–9. https://elibrary.ru/tsndtr (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han J.C., Taberner A.J., Loiselle D.S., Tran K. Cardiac efficiency and Starling’s law of the heart. J. Physiol. 2022; 600(19): 4265–85. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP283632</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han J.C., Taberner A.J., Loiselle D.S., Tran K. Cardiac efficiency and Starling’s law of the heart. J. Physiol. 2022; 600(19): 4265–85. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP283632</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">King D.R., Hardin K.M., Hoeker G.S., Poelzing S. Reevaluating methods reporting practices to improve reproducibility: an analysis of methodological rigor for the Langendorff whole heart technique. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2022; 323(3): H363–77. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00164.2022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">King D.R., Hardin K.M., Hoeker G.S., Poelzing S. Reevaluating methods reporting practices to improve reproducibility: an analysis of methodological rigor for the Langendorff whole heart technique. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2022; 323(3): H363–77. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00164.2022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klinova S.V., Katsnelson B.A., Minigalieva I.A., Gerzen O.P., Balakin A.A., Lisin R.V., et al. Cardioinotropic effects in subchronic intoxication of rats with lead and/or cadmium oxide nanoparticles. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021; 22(7): 3466. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073466</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klinova S.V., Katsnelson B.A., Minigalieva I.A., Gerzen O.P., Balakin A.A., Lisin R.V., et al. Cardioinotropic effects in subchronic intoxication of rats with lead and/or cadmium oxide nanoparticles. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021; 22(7): 3466. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073466</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savi M., Bocchi L., Cacciani F., Vilella R., Buschini A., Perotti A., et al. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles induce oxidative stress and alter electromechanical function in rat ventricular myocytes. Part Fibre. Toxicol. 2021; 18(1): 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-020-00396-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savi M., Bocchi L., Cacciani F., Vilella R., Buschini A., Perotti A., et al. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles induce oxidative stress and alter electromechanical function in rat ventricular myocytes. Part Fibre. Toxicol. 2021; 18(1): 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-020-00396-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin B.L., Li A., Mun J.Y., Previs M.J., Previs S.B., Campbell S.G., et al. Skeletal myosin binding protein-C isoforms regulate thin filament activity in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Sci. Rep. 2018; 8(1): 2604. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21053-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin B.L., Li A., Mun J.Y., Previs M.J., Previs S.B., Campbell S.G., et al. Skeletal myosin binding protein-C isoforms regulate thin filament activity in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Sci. Rep. 2018; 8(1): 2604. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21053-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikitina L.V., Kopylova G.V., Shchepkin D.V., Katsnelson L.B. Study of the interaction between rabbit cardiac contractile and regulatory proteins. An in vitro motility assay. Biochemistry (Mosc.). 2008; 73(2): 178–84. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0006297908020090</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitina L.V., Kopylova G.V., Shchepkin D.V., Katsnelson L.B. Study of the interaction between rabbit cardiac contractile and regulatory proteins. An in vitro motility assay. Biochemistry (Mosc.). 2008; 73(2): 178–84. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0006297908020090</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reiser P.J., Kline W.O. Electrophoretic separation and quantitation of cardiac myosin heavy chain isoforms in eight mammalian species. Am. J. Physiol. 1998; 274(3): H1048–53. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1998.274.3.H1048</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reiser P.J., Kline W.O. Electrophoretic separation and quantitation of cardiac myosin heavy chain isoforms in eight mammalian species. Am. J. Physiol. 1998; 274(3): H1048–53. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1998.274.3.H1048</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ansari M.A., Maayah Z.H., Bakheet S.A., El-Kadi A.O., Korashy H.M. The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway in cardiotoxicity of acute lead intoxication in vivo and in vitro rat model. Toxicology. 2013; 306: 40–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2013.01.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ansari M.A., Maayah Z.H., Bakheet S.A., El-Kadi A.O., Korashy H.M. The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway in cardiotoxicity of acute lead intoxication in vivo and in vitro rat model. Toxicology. 2013; 306: 40–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2013.01.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Урбах В.Ю., Полунина О.С., Севостьянова И.В., Воронина Л.П. Биометрические методы. М.: Наука; 1964.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urbakh V.Yu., Polunina O.S., Sevost’yanova I.V., Voronina L.P. Biometric Methods [Biometricheskie metody]. Moscow: Nauka; 1964. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arian M., Soleimani M. Practical calculation of mean, pooled variance, variance, and standard deviation, in meta-analysis studies. Nurs. Pract. Today. 2020; 7(1): 5–11. https://doi.org/10.18502/npt.v7i1.2294</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arian M., Soleimani M. Practical calculation of mean, pooled variance, variance, and standard deviation, in meta-analysis studies. Nurs. Pract. Today. 2020; 7(1): 5–11. https://doi.org/10.18502/npt.v7i1.2294</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elgharabawy R.M., Alhowail A.H., Emara A.M., Aldubayan M.A., Ahmed A.S. The impact of chicory (Cichoriumintybus L.) on hemodynamic functions and oxidative stress in cardiac toxicity induced by lead oxide nanoparticles in male rats. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2021; 137: 111324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111324</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elgharabawy R.M., Alhowail A.H., Emara A.M., Aldubayan M.A., Ahmed A.S. The impact of chicory (Cichoriumintybus L.) on hemodynamic functions and oxidative stress in cardiac toxicity induced by lead oxide nanoparticles in male rats. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2021; 137: 111324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111324</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sutunkova M.P., Minigalieva I.A., Klinova S.V., Panov V.G., Gurvich V.B., Privalova L.I., et al. Some data on the comparative and combined toxic activity of nanoparticles containing lead and cadmium with special attention to their vasotoxicity. Nanotoxicology. 2021; 15(2): 205–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2020.1845410</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sutunkova M.P., Minigalieva I.A., Klinova S.V., Panov V.G., Gurvich V.B., Privalova L.I., et al. Some data on the comparative and combined toxic activity of nanoparticles containing lead and cadmium with special attention to their vasotoxicity. Nanotoxicology. 2021; 15(2): 205–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2020.1845410</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ohno A., Naruse M., Kato S., Hosaka M., Naruse K., Demura H., et al. Endothelin-specific antibodies decrease blood pressure and increase glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J. Hypertens. 1992; 10(8): 781–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ohno A., Naruse M., Kato S., Hosaka M., Naruse K., Demura H., et al. Endothelin-specific antibodies decrease blood pressure and increase glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J. Hypertens. 1992; 10(8): 781–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simões M.R., Ribeiro R.F. Jr., Vescovi M.V., de Jesus H.C., Padilha A.S., Stefanon I., et al. Acute lead exposure increases arterial pressure: role of the renin-angiotensin system. PLoS One. 2011; 6(4): e18730. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018730</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simões M.R., Ribeiro R.F. Jr., Vescovi M.V., de Jesus H.C., Padilha A.S., Stefanon I., et al. Acute lead exposure increases arterial pressure: role of the renin-angiotensin system. PLoS One. 2011; 6(4): e18730. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018730</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharifi A.M., Darabi R., Akbarloo N., Larijani B., Khoshbaten A. Investigation of circulatory and tissue ACE activity during development of lead-induced hypertension. Toxicol. Lett. 2004; 153(2): 233–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.04.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharifi A.M., Darabi R., Akbarloo N., Larijani B., Khoshbaten A. Investigation of circulatory and tissue ACE activity during development of lead-induced hypertension. Toxicol. Lett. 2004; 153(2): 233–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.04.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou J., Allen A.M., Yamada H., Sun Y., Mendelsohn F.A.O. Localization and properties of angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin receptors in the heart. In: Lindpaintner K., Ganten D., eds. The Cardiac-Renin Angiotensin System. Armonk, NY: Futura; 1994: 63–88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou J., Allen A.M., Yamada H., Sun Y., Mendelsohn F.A.O. Localization and properties of angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin receptors in the heart. In: Lindpaintner K., Ganten D., eds. The Cardiac-Renin Angiotensin System. Armonk, NY: Futura; 1994: 63–88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Potter L.R., Abbey-Hosch S., Dickey D.M. Natriuretic peptides, their receptors, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent signaling functions. Endocr. Rev. 2006; 27(1): 47–72. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2005-0014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potter L.R., Abbey-Hosch S., Dickey D.M. Natriuretic peptides, their receptors, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent signaling functions. Endocr. Rev. 2006; 27(1): 47–72. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2005-0014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полунина Е.А., Полунина О.С., Севостьянова И.В., Воронина Л.П. «Мультифункциональный» натрийуретический пептид типа С и дискуссионно/перспективное его исследование при хронической сердечной недостаточности. Астраханский медицинский журнал. 2017; 12(3): 28–37. https://elibrary.ru/zvrcgd</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polunina E.A., Polunina O.S., Sevost’yanova I.V., Voronina L.P. «Multifunctional» C-type natriuretic peptide and its discussion/advanced research in chronic heart failure. Astrakhanskii meditsinskii zhurnal. 2017; 12(3): 28–37. https://elibrary.ru/zvrcgd (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fu P.P., Xia Q., Hwang H.M., Ray P.C., Yu H. Mechanisms of nanotoxicity: generation of reactive oxygen species. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. 2014; 22(1): 64–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2014.01.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fu P.P., Xia Q., Hwang H.M., Ray P.C., Yu H. Mechanisms of nanotoxicity: generation of reactive oxygen species. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. 2014; 22(1): 64–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2014.01.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng Y., Chen Z., Yang S., Liu T., Yin L., Pu Y., et al. Nanomaterials-induced toxicity on cardiac myocytes and tissues, and emerging toxicity assessment techniques. Sci. Total Environ. 2021; 800: 149584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149584</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng Y., Chen Z., Yang S., Liu T., Yin L., Pu Y., et al. Nanomaterials-induced toxicity on cardiac myocytes and tissues, and emerging toxicity assessment techniques. Sci. Total Environ. 2021; 800: 149584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149584</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panov V., Minigalieva I., Bushueva T., Fröhlich E., Meindl C., Absenger-Novak M., et al. Some peculiarities in the dose dependence of separate and combined in vitro cardiotoxicity effects induced by CdS and PbS nanoparticles with special attention to hormesis manifestations. Dose Response. 2020; 18(1): 1559325820914180. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559325820914180</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panov V., Minigalieva I., Bushueva T., Fröhlich E., Meindl C., Absenger-Novak M., et al. Some peculiarities in the dose dependence of separate and combined in vitro cardiotoxicity effects induced by CdS and PbS nanoparticles with special attention to hormesis manifestations. Dose Response. 2020; 18(1): 1559325820914180. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559325820914180</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scheffler T.L., Leitner M.B., Wright S.A. Technical note: Protocol for electrophoretic separation of bovine myosin heavy chain isoforms and comparison to immunohistochemistry analysis. J. Anim. Sci. 2018; 96(10): 4306–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky283</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scheffler T.L., Leitner M.B., Wright S.A. Technical note: Protocol for electrophoretic separation of bovine myosin heavy chain isoforms and comparison to immunohistochemistry analysis. J. Anim. Sci. 2018; 96(10): 4306–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky283</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
