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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-9-1025-1030</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">yvwyur</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4363</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительная оценка характера комбинированного действия инсектицидов: разные методические подходы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative assessment of the nature of the combined action of insecticides: different methodical approaches</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0444-1095</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вещемова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Veshchemova</surname><given-names>Tatiana E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены труда Института гигиены, токсикологии пестицидов и химической безопасности ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, Россия</p><p>e-mail: veshchemova.te@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, senior researcher at the Occupational Hygiene Department of the Institute of Hygiene, Toxicology of Pesticides and Chemical Safety of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: veshchemova.te@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">veshchemova.te@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1539-1633</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масальцев</surname><given-names>Глеб Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Masaltsev</surname><given-names>Gleb V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, зав. отд. токсикологии Института гигиены, токсикологии пестицидов и химической безопасности ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, Россия</p><p>e-mail: masalcev.gv@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, head of the Department of Toxicology of the Institute of Hygiene, Toxicology of Pesticides and Chemical Safety of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: masalcev.gv@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">masalcev.gv@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-6507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ракитский</surname><given-names>Валерий Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakitskii</surname><given-names>Valerii N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, научный руководитель Института гигиены, токсикологии пестицидов и химической безопасности ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, Россия</p><p>e-mail: rakitskii.vn@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Director of the Institute of Hygiene, Toxicology of Pesticides and Chemical Safety of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: rakitskii.vn@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rakitskii.vn@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0519-3257</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чхвиркия</surname><given-names>Елена Григорьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chkhvirkiya</surname><given-names>Elena G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, гл. науч. сотр. отд. токсикологии Института гигиены, токсикологии пестицидов и химической безопасности ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, Россия</p><p>e-mail: chkhvirkiya.eg@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., professor, chief researcher of the Department of Toxicology of the Institute of Hygiene, Toxicology of Pesticides and Chemical Safety of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: chkhvirkiya.eg@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chkhvirkiya.eg@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0209-9732</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмин</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmin</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, директор ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, Россия</p><p>e-mail: kuzmin.sv@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., professor, Director of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: kuzmin.sv@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuzmin.sv@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-2462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цацакис</surname><given-names>Аристидис Михаил</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsatsakis</surname><given-names>Aristides M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор философии по органической химии, директор Научно-исследовательского центра токсикологии при Отделении судебной медицины Медицинской школы Критского университета и Университетского госпиталя, 71003, Ираклион, Греция</p><p>e-mail: aris@med.uoc.gr</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Director at the Toxicology Science and Research Centre in the Department of Forensic Sciences of the Medical School in the University of Crete and The University Hospital; Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece</p><p>e-mail: aris@med.uoc.gr</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aris@med.uoc.gr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Лаборатория токсикологии, Медицинская школа Критского университета</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Crete</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>1025</fpage><lpage>1030</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вещемова Т.Е., Масальцев Г.В., Ракитский В.Н., Чхвиркия Е.Г., Кузьмин С.В., Цацакис А.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вещемова Т.Е., Масальцев Г.В., Ракитский В.Н., Чхвиркия Е.Г., Кузьмин С.В., Цацакис А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Veshchemova T.E., Masaltsev G.V., Rakitskii V.N., Chkhvirkiya E.G., Kuzmin S.V., Tsatsakis A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4363">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4363</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Комбинированные препараты, содержащие метомил, широко используются в сельском хозяйстве, однако взаимодействие их активных ингредиентов в смесях изучено недостаточно.</p><p>Цель исследования — оценка комбинированного действия смеси инсектицидов метомила (карбамат) и бифентрина (пиретроид) с использованием различных методов: классической модели (ортогональное планирование эксперимента с нелинейными переменными), обобщённой линейной регрессионной модели для биномиального распределения (пробит-регрессия) и изоболограммы. Исследование проведено во ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора в соответствии с протоколом, утверждённым комиссией по биоэтике.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Беспородным крысам-самцам (n = 90) вводили девять комбинированных доз инсектицидов (комбинации LD16, LD33 и LD50 для отдельных соединений, разработанные на основе предварительного исследования).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Во всех группах у опытных животных после введения наблюдались нарушение координации, тремор конечностей и головы, переходящий в судороги, учащённое (поверхностное) дыхание. Данные о смертности в каждой из групп использовали для построения двух математических моделей и изоболограммы.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования: изучение показателей острой пероральной токсичности без учёта возможной повторной экспозиции.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Использованные модели показали, что аддитивный эффект комбинации метомила и бифентрина характерен только для сочетаний, в которых индивидуальная доза бифентрина была равна или превышала 45 мг/кг массы тела (LD33), а доза метомила составляла менее 30 мг/кг массы тела, поскольку все животные, получавшие метомил (LD50) в смеси в дозе 30 мг/кг массы тела, погибали. Экспериментально установлено, что доза метомила определяет токсический эффект смеси, который следует учитывать при гигиеническом регламентировании препаратов, содержащих это вещество.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование было одобрено Биоэтической комиссией ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, протокол № 01/22 от 27.10.2022 г.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Вещемова Т.Е. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, статистическая обработка, написание текста; Масальцев Г.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, статистическая обработка, написание текста; Ракитский В.Н. — концепция и дизайн исследования, научное руководство; Чхвиркия Е.Г. — научное руководство; Кузьмин С.В. — научное руководство; Цацакис А.М. — научное руководство. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование выполнено в рамках отраслевых программ Роспотребнадзора «Гигиеническое научное обоснование минимизации рисков здоровью населения России» (2016–2020 гг.), «Научное обоснование национальной системы обеспечения санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия, управления рисками здоровью и повышения качества жизни населения России» (2021–2025 гг.).</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 16.05.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 12.06.2024 / Принята к печати: 19.06.2024 / Опубликована: 16.10.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Pesticide mixtures containing insecticide methomyl are commonly used in agriculture. However, the interaction of their active ingredients in a mixture has been insufficiently studied.</p><p>The purpose of the study was to evaluate the nature of the combined action of a mixture of insecticides methomyl (carbamate) and bifenthrin (pyrethroid) using various methods: a classical model (orthogonal planning of the experiment using nonlinear variables); a generalized linear regression model for the binomial distribution (probit regression); and an isobologram. The study was conducted at the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, according to the protocol approved by the local bioethical commission.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Ninety male outbred rats were administered 9 combined doses of the insecticides (combinations of LD16, LD33 and LD50 for the individual compounds, as devised from a preliminary study).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Impaired coordination, tremor of the limbs and head, turning into convulsions, rapid (shallow) breathing were observed in all groups. The data on mortality as used to construct 2 mathematical models, as well as to construct an isobologram.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study was limited to studying the indicators of acute oral toxicity, without taking into account the possible repeated exposure. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The models showed that the additive effect for the combination of methomyl and bifenthrin was only observed for combinations when the individual dose of bifenthrin was equal to or greater than 45 mg/kg b.w. (LD33) and the dose of methomyl was less than 30 mg/kg b.w., as all animals receiving a dose of 30 mg/kg b.w. of methomyl (LD50) in the mixture died. Therefore, the dose of methomyl dictated the toxic effect of the mixture, which should be accounted for in hygienic regulation of methomyl-containing formulations.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Bioethical Commission of the of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, protocol № 01/22 dated 27.10.2022.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Veshchemova T.E. — research concept and design, material collection and data processing, statistical processing, text writing; Masaltsev G.V. — research concept and design, material collection and data processing, statistical processing, text writing; Rakitskii V.N. — concept and design of research, scientific guidance; Chkhvirkiya E.G. — scientific guidance;Kuzmin S.V. — scientific guidance; Tsatsakis A.M. — scientific guidance. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment.  The study was carried out within the framework of the industry scientific program of the Federal Service For Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing of the Russian Federation (Rospotrebnadzor) “Hygienic scientific justification for minimizing risks to the health of the population of Russia” (2016–2020), “Scientific justification of the national system for ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being, health risk management and improving the quality of life of the population of Russia” (2021–2025).</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: May 16, 2024 / Revised: June 12, 2024 / Accepted: June 19, 2024 / Published: October 16, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>комбинированное действие</kwd><kwd>пестицид</kwd><kwd>ксенобиотик</kwd><kwd>взаимодействие</kwd><kwd>эффект смеси</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>combined action</kwd><kwd>pesticide</kwd><kwd>xenobiotic</kwd><kwd>interaction</kwd><kwd>mixture effect</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Considerations for assessing the risks of combined exposure to multiple chemicals. OECD Publishing; 2018. https://doi.org/10.1787/ceca15a9-en</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 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