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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-9-1062-1069</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">fwrxmj</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4371</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS OF HYGIENIC AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аналитический контроль остаточных количеств гербицида трифлуралина при оценке безопасности пищевой продукции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analytical control of residues of the herbicide trifluralin in the assessment of the food safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8278-6382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Наталия Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>Natalia E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, гл. науч. сотр. отд. аналитических методов контроля ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 1410014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: analyt1@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., chief researcher, Department of analytical control methods, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: analyt1@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">analyt1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9415-1007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добрева</surname><given-names>Наталья Ивановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobreva</surname><given-names>Natalia I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. аналитических методов контроля ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 1410014, Мытищи, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, senior researcher, Department of analytical control methods, Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козак</surname><given-names>Дарья Константиновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozak</surname><given-names>Daria K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, начальник лаб. физико-химических исследований — химик-эксперт ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора, 117105, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: KozakDK@fcgie.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, head of the Laboratory of Physical and Chemical Research — expert chemist, Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Moscow, 117105, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: KozakDK@fcgie.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KozakDK@fcgie.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0519-9151</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Александр Игоревич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Химик-эксперт ФБУЗ «"ЦГиЭ" в Красноярском крае» Роспотребнадзора, 660100, Красноярск, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ivan_chay@yahoo.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Expert chemist, Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Krasnoyarsk, 660100, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ivan_chay@yahoo.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivan_chay@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1899-1530</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соболев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sobolev</surname><given-names>Dmitriy N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. аналитических методов контроля ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 1410014, Мытищи, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Department of analytical control methods, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панченко</surname><given-names>Максим Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panchenko</surname><given-names>Mihail N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Химик-эксперт ФБУЗ ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора, 117105, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: fbuz_mn@internet.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Expert chemist of the Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Moscow, 117105, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: fbuz_mn@internet.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fbuz_mn@internet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. Erisman, Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУЗ «Федеральный центр гигиены и эпидемиологии» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Красноярском крае»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>1062</fpage><lpage>1069</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Федорова Н.Е., Добрева Н.И., Козак Д.К., Иванов А.И., Соболев Д.Н., Панченко М.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федорова Н.Е., Добрева Н.И., Козак Д.К., Иванов А.И., Соболев Д.Н., Панченко М.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedorova N.E., Dobreva N.I., Kozak D.K., Ivanov A.A., Sobolev D.N., Panchenko M.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4371">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4371</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Трифлуралин является системным гербицидом химического класса производных динитроанилина. При мониторинговых исследованиях трифлуралин был обнаружен в моркови, выращенной на территории Российской Федерации. Поскольку пестициды на основе трифлуралина в нашей стране не разрешены, остаточные количества вещества не являются типичными для данной культуры. При изучении контаминации моркови трифлуралином были проведены подтверждающие качественные и количественные исследования.</p><p>Цель исследования — повышение эффективности идентификации и достоверности количественных результатов при проведении мониторинга безопасности пищевой продукции путём подтверждающих аналитических исследований на примере определения трифлуралина в моркови.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для идентификации и количественного определения трифлуралина был использован метод газовой хроматографии в сочетании с тандемной масс-спектрометрией (ГХ-МС/МС). Подготовка образцов к анализу выполнена по методике QuEChERS. Идентификацию проводили методом мониторинга множественных реакций (MRM) с помощью тройного квадрупольного масс-спектрометра с использованием от двух до четырёх MRM-переходов (m/z): 306,1 → 264; 264 → 206; 264 → 188; 264 → 160,1. Для количественного определения применялась калибровка, согласованная с матрицей.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Эффективность скрининговых исследований при проведении мониторинга пищевой продукции методом ГХ-МС/МС может быть существенно повышена за счёт увеличения количества MRM-переходов (не менее трёх), контроля референтного времени удерживания вещества, соблюдения соотношения подтверждающих ионов. Для получения достоверной количественной оценки содержания трифлуралина в моркови рекомендуется использование калибровки, согласованной с матрицей.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничение исследования</title><p>Ограничение исследования. Исследована пищевая продукция одного вида (морковь).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Подтверждение результатов испытаний особенно важно при определении остатков пестицидов, которые обычно не встречаются в данной матрице, а также в случае предположительного превышения максимально допустимого уровня их содержания. При проведении скринингового исследования и обнаружении загрязнителя пищевой продукции о контаминации продукта можно сообщить только предварительно. Далее необходим подтверждающий анализ с использованием валидированного количественного метода, в том числе соответствующей процедуры калибровки. При количественном анализе присутствие компонентов образца матрицы может вызвать проблемы из-за подавления либо усиления отклика образцов. Калибровка с учётом матрицы показала свою эффективность в компенсации эффектов матрицы.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Федорова Н.Е. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование; Добрева Н.И. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование; Козак Д.К. — концепция и дизайн исследования; Иванов А.И., Соболев Д.Н., Панченко М.Н. — сбор и обработка материала. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 08.05.2024 / Принята к печати: 19.06.2024 / Опубликована: 16.10.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Trifluralin is a systemic herbicide of the chemical class of dinitroaniline derivatives. During monitoring studies, trifluralin was detected in carrots produced in the Russian Federation. Since trifluralin-based pesticides are not approved for the use in the Russian Federation, residual amounts of the substance are not typical for this crop. To check the contamination of carrots with a pesticide not typical for this crop, confirmatory qualitative and quantitative studies were carried out.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose of the work</title><p>Purpose of the work. Increasing the efficiency of identification and reliability of quantitative results when monitoring food products for safety when performing confirmatory analytical studies using the example of determining trifluralin in carrots to assess the safety of food products intended for the consumer.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used to identify and quantify trifluralin. Samples were prepared for analysis using the QuEChERS method. Identification was carried out by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer using two to four MRM transitions (m/z): 306,1→264,0; 264,0→206,0; 264,0→188,0; 264,0→160,1. Matrix-matched calibration was used for quantitation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The effectiveness of screening studies when monitoring food products using the GC-MS/MS method can be significantly elevated by increasing the number of MRM transitions (at least 3), controlling the reference retention time of the substance, and maintaining the ratio of confirmatory ions. To obtain a reliable quantification of trifluralin content in carrots, the use of a matrix-matched calibration is recommended.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitation</title><p>Limitation. In the study, only carrots were considered as food products.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Confirmation of test results is especially important when determining pesticide residues that are not normally found in a given matrix, or when it is suspected that the maximum permissible level may be exceeded. When conducting a screening study and detecting a food contaminant, contamination of the product can only be reported in advance. Next, a confirmatory analysis is required using a validated quantitative method, including an appropriate calibration procedure. In quantitative analysis, the presence of matrix sample components can cause problems due to sample suppression/enhancement phenomena. Matrix-aware calibration has been shown to be effective in compensating for matrix effects.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require a biomedical ethics committee opinion.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Fedorova N.E. — the concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing; Dobreva N.I. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of the material, statistical analysis, writing the text, editing; Kozak D.I. — the concept and design of the study; Ivanov A.I., Sobolev D.N., Panchenko M.N. — collection and processing of the material. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: May 8, 2024 / Accepted: June 19, 2024 / Published: October 16, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трифлуралин</kwd><kwd>морковь</kwd><kwd>качественная идентификация</kwd><kwd>количественный анализ</kwd><kwd>газовая хроматография в сочетании с тандемной масс-спектрометрией (ГХ-МС/МС)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>trifluralin</kwd><kwd>carrots</kwd><kwd>qualitative identification</kwd><kwd>quantitative analysis</kwd><kwd>gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chowdhury I.F., Doran G.S., Stodart B.J., Chen C., Wu H. Trifluralin and atrazine sensitivity to selected cereal and legume crops. 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