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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-11-1201-1205</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-440</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение циркуляции вирусов в воде поверхностных водоёмов и в сточных водах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The study of the circulation of viruses in surface waters and in wastewater</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4408-9831</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриева</surname><given-names>Раиса Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitrieva</surname><given-names>Raisa A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории санитарной вирусологии ФГБУ «ЦСП» Минздрава России, Москва, 119121.</p><p>e-mail: labdmitrieva@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., leading researcher of the laboratory of sanitary virology Center for Strategic Planning, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: labdmitrieva@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">labdmitrieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3613-4305</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доскина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Doskina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4772-9686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загайнова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagainova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6544-2959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недачин</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedachin</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7433-7728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0232-2284</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булатова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulatova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Strategic Planning, Russian Ministry of Health</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1201</fpage><lpage>1205</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дмитриева Р.А., Доскина Т.В., Загайнова А.В., Недачин А.Е., Абрамов И.А., Булатова К.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дмитриева Р.А., Доскина Т.В., Загайнова А.В., Недачин А.Е., Абрамов И.А., Булатова К.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dmitrieva R.A., Doskina T.V., Zagainova A.V., Nedachin A.E., Abramov I.A., Bulatova K.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/440">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/440</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Представлены данные натурных исследований поверхностных водоёмов и сточных вод по показателям вирусного загрязнения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. На наличие вирусов исследовали пробы: воды рек среднеевропейского региона России; хозяйственно-бытовых сточных вод городов данного региона; сточных вод после очистки на трёх станциях аэрации. Элюаты исследовали на наличие вирусов на 2 перевиваемых линиях клеток RD и Hep-2, рекомендованных ВОЗ, а также на культуре BGM. Кроме того, в большей части проб определяли РНК энтеро-, норо-, астро-, ротавирусов, вирусов гепатита А (ВГА) в ОТ-ПЦР и ДНК аденовирусов в ПЦР. Выделение вирусов на клеточных культурах проводили в 3 пассажах, а определение РНК и ДНК вирусов – в 2 повторностях. Все пробы также исследовали на наличие колифагов в качестве косвенных показателей вирусного загрязнения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлено, что в воде поверхностных водоёмов определялись колифаги в 94% проб, вирусы на перевиваемых линиях клеток RD, Hep-2 и BGM определялись в 35% проб. Процент определения РНК энтеро-, рота-, норо-, астровирусов, ВГА и ДНК аденовирусов колебался от 10 до 70%.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Проведённые исследования на трёх станциях аэрации показали увеличение вирусного загрязнения воды водоёмов после сброса в них сточных вод.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Сточные воды, как необработанные, так и после биологической очистки и обеззараживания, загрязнены вирусами, и при сбросе их в поверхностные водоёмы создаётся высокий риск для здоровья населения. С целью сохранения водных ресурсов России существующие способы очистки и обеззараживания сточных вод целесообразно модернизировать с отработкой индивидуальных схем с учётом данных санитарно-вирусологического контроля сбрасываемых сточных вод и нормативов, указанных в документах водно-санитарного законодательства.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. There was presented data from the field observation of surface waters and wastewater on indices of viral pollution. </p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. To detect the presence of viruses, we examined samples as following: waters of the rivers of the Central European region of Russia; wastewater of the cities of this region; wastewater after treatment at three aeration stations. Eluates were examined for viruses on 2 transplantable RD and Hep-2 cell lines recommended by WHO, as well as on BGM culture. In addition, in the majority of samples, RNA of entero-, noro-, astro-, rotaviruses, hepatitis A viruses (HAV) was detected in RT-PCR and adenovirus DNA in PCR. The output of viruses in cell cultures was carried out in 3 passages, and the determination of RNA and DNA of viruses - in 2 replications. All samples were also examined for coliphages, as indirect indices of viral contamination. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was revealed that coliphages were detected in surface water in 94% of samples, viruses on tissue RD, Hep-2 and BGM cell lines were detected in 35% of samples. The percentage of detection of RNA entero-, rota-, noro-, astroviruses, HAV and adenovirus DNA ranged from 10 to 70%. </p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. Studies conducted at three aeration stations showed an increase in viral contamination of water in water bodies after the discharge of wastewater into them. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Wastewater, both untreated and after biological treatment and disinfection, is contaminated with viruses and when discharged into surface water bodies creates a high risk to public health. In order to preserve the water resources of Russia, modern methods of cleaning and disinfecting wastewater should be modernized with the development of individual schemes taking into account the data of sanitary and virological control of discharged wastewater and the standards specified in the documents of water sanitary legislation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аденовирус</kwd><kwd>норовирус</kwd><kwd>энтеровирус</kwd><kwd>ротавирус</kwd><kwd>астровирус</kwd><kwd>ВГА</kwd><kwd>вирусное загрязнение</kwd><kwd>сточные воды</kwd><kwd>поверхностные водоёмы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adenoviridae</kwd><kwd>norovirus</kwd><kwd>enterovirus</kwd><kwd>rotovirus</kwd><kwd>astroviridae</kwd><kwd>hepatitis A virus</kwd><kwd>viral pollution</kwd><kwd>wastewater</kwd><kwd>surface waters</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Касьяненко А.А. 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