medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-10-1111-1117gvjxgimedlit-4408Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENEОпыт использования социологического опроса для оценки восприятия населением запаха и шумаThe experience of using a sociological survey to assess the perception of odour and noise by the populationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7251-3938ГошинМихаил ЕвгеньевичGoshinMikhail E.

Канд. хим. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. анализа риска здоровью населения ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия

e-mail: Goshin.ME@fncg.ru

PhD (Chemistry), Senior Researcher, Department of Public health risk analysis, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytischi, 141014, Russian Federation

e-mail: Goshin.ME@fncg.ru

Goshin.ME@fncg.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-8344СабироваЗульфия ФаридовнаSabirovaZulfiya F.

Доктор мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены ФБУН «ЦСП» ФМБА, Москва, Россия

e-mail: ZSabirova@cspmz.ru sabirovazf2011@mail.ru

DSc (Medicine), Professor, Leading Researcher, Department of Environmental Hygiene, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation

e-mail: ZSabirova@cspmz.ru sabirovazf2011@mail.ru

ZSabirova@cspmz.ruБударинаОльга ВикторовнаBudarinaOlga V.

Доктор мед. наук, гл. науч. сотр. отд. анализа риска здоровью населения ФБУН ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия

e-mail: Budarina.ov@fncg.ru

DSc (Medicine), Chief Researcher, Department of Public health risk analysis, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytischi, 141014, Russian Federation

e-mail: Budarina.ov@fncg.ru

Budarina.ov@fncg.ruФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человекаРоссияFederal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. ErismanRussian FederationФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияCentre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agencyRussian Federation2024191120241031011111117Copyright © Гошин М.Е., Сабирова З.Ф., Бударина О.В., 20242024Гошин М.Е., Сабирова З.Ф., Бударина О.В.Goshin M.E., Sabirova Z.F., Budarina O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4408Введение

Введение. Сенсорные факторы окружающей среды, такие как запах выбросов различных предприятий и шум, приобретают особую значимость в связи с развитием промышленности и транспорта. Эти факторы воздействуют на психосоматическое здоровье людей, проживающих в районах размещения источников запахового и шумового загрязнения.

Цель исследования — оценка связи между восприятием запахов, присутствующих в атмосферном воздухе, и шума с субъективной оценкой состояния здоровья населения промышленного города.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Данные получены в результате проведённого в 2022 г. анкетирования 719 жителей города с населением около 90 тыс. человек. Анкета включала вопросы, позволяющие оценить частоту возникновения запахов, шума, интенсивность их восприятия, а также степень раздражения населения данными факторами. Для изучения состояния здоровья респондентов им было предложено отметить беспокоящие их жалобы.

Результаты

Результаты. Исследование позволило выявить симптомы, связанные с восприятием запахов и шума, такие как головные боли, головокружение, тошнота, раздражительность и др. Эти симптомы схожи для восприятия как запахов, так и шума.

Ограничения исследования связаны с отсутствием данных, характеризующих полный состав выбросов от всех предприятий города, относительно небольшой выборкой интервьюируемых, ограниченным числом вопросов, позволяющих оценить связь состояния здоровья населения с воздействием изучаемых факторов.

Заключение

Заключение. Атмосферные запахи и шум, воздействующие на различные анализаторы и запускающие биологические процессы в организме, приводят к сходным эффектам через индукцию состояния раздражения. Стресс, вызываемый раздражением запахами и шумом, становится причиной ряда симптомов и болезней и, в свою очередь, влияет на работу анализаторов, отвечающих за восприятие факторов окружающей среды.

Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено на заседании ЛЭК ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России (протокол № 01/10/21 от 25.10.2021 г.).

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Гошин М.Е. — концепция и дизайн исследования, обзор литературы, сбор и обработка материала, анализ и интерпретация результатов, написание текста; Сабирова З.Ф. — анализ и интерпретация результатов, редактирование; Бударина О.В. — концепция исследования, редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания № АААА-А20-120101690059-2.

Поступила

Поступила: 11.07.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 02.09.2024 / Принята к печати: 02.10.2024 / Опубликована: 19.11.2024

Introduction

Introduction. Sensory environmental factors, such as the odour of emissions from various enterprises and noise, are becoming increasingly relevant in connection with the development of industry and urban highways. This is due to their impact on the psychosomatic health of people living in areas where sources of odour and noise pollution of atmospheric air are located.

The aim of the study — to evaluate the relationship between the perception of odours present in atmospheric air and noise with the subjective assessment of health status in the population of an industrial city.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The data were obtained as a result of a survey of seven hundred nineteen residents of the city with a population of about 90 thousand people, conducted over 2022. The questionnaire included questions to assess the frequency, intensity of perception of odours and noise, as well as the degree of annoyance by these factors. To study the health status of the respondents, it was suggested to note their health complaints.

Results

Results. The study identified symptoms associated with odour and noise perception such as headaches, dizziness, nausea, annoyance, and others. These symptoms are similar for odour and noise perception.

Limitations of the study are related to a relatively small sample of interviewees, and a limited number of questions that allow assessing the relationship between the effects of the studied factors and the public health as well as the lack of data characterizing the full composition of emissions from all enterprises in the city.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Factors of different nature — atmospheric odours and noise, affecting various analyzers and triggering biological processes in the body, lead to similar effects through the induction of annoyance. Stress caused by annoyance by odours and noise causes a number of symptoms and diseases and, in turn, affects the work of analyzers responsible for the perception of environmental factors.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved at a meeting of the Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency (protocol No. 01/10/21 dated 10/25/2021).

Contributions

Contributions: Goshin M.E — concept and design of the study, literature review, collection and processing of material, analysis and interpretation of results, writing the text; Sabirova Z.F. —  analysis and interpretation of results, editing; Budarina O.V. — research concept, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement. The study was carried out within the framework of state task No. № АААА-А20-120101690059-2.

Received

Received: July 11, 2024 / Revised: September 2, 2024 / Accepted: October 2, 2024 / Published: November 19, 2024

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.