medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-10-1149-1154odtblmmedlit-4413Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENEОпределение летучих органических соединений в почвах (обзор литературы)Detection of volatile organic compounds in soils (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-3161НекрасоваЛариса ПетровнаNekrasovaLarisa P.

Канд. хим. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. физико-химических исследований и экотоксикологии ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия

e-mail: LNekrasova@cspmz.ru

PhD (Сhemistry), head of the Hygiene Department of the Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation

e-mail: LNekrasova@cspmz.ru

LNekrasova@cspmz.ruФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияCentre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agencyRussian Federation2024191120241031011491154Copyright © Некрасова Л.П., 20242024Некрасова Л.П.Nekrasova L.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4413

Летучие органические соединения (ЛОС) являются одними из основных загрязнителей окружающей среды, из-за высокой мобильности проникают во все её объекты, представляют экологическую угрозу и несут риски для здоровья. Попадая в почву, ЛОС ухудшают её качество, поэтому их содержание требует надёжного контроля. В настоящей работе представлен обзор литературы, посвящённой методам Агентства по охране окружающей среды США, и нормативно-методических документов Российской Федерации, регламентирующих отбор, хранение, подготовку и анализ проб почвы при изучении содержания ЛОС. Основным методом контроля ЛОС признана газовая хроматография с различными видами детекторов. Для многокомпонентного анализа сложных объектов применяют газовую хроматографию с масс-селективным детектированием, поскольку масс-детектор имеет наиболее широкие возможности. Универсальным методом масс-спектрометрии, используемым в аналитических лабораториях, является масс-спектрометрия с ионизацией электронным ударом. Для исследовательских целей используют современные высокочувствительные методы: масс-спектрометрию, основанную на реакции переноса протона PTR-MS, масс-спектрометрию с ионной ловушкой PIT-MS, ионизационную масс-спектрометрию отрицательных ионов NI-PT-CIMS, времяпролётную масс-спектрометрию реакции переноса протона PTR-TOF-MS. Отбор и хранение проб для анализа на содержание ЛОС требуют соблюдения регламентов предотвращения потери аналитов и загрязнения проб. Подготовка проб включает такие методы, как вакуумная и азеотропная дистилляция, термодесорбция, жидкостная экстракция, различные варианты статического и динамического парофазного анализа.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Автор декларирует отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания, шифр «Мониторинг».

Поступила

Поступила: 09.07.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 31.07.2024 / Принята к печати: 02.10.2024 / Опубликована: 19.11.2024

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are major environmental pollutants. Due to their high mobility, they penetrate into all environmental objects, pose an environmental threat and health risks. Getting into the soil, they deteriorate its quality. VOC content requires reliable control. There is presented a review of the literature, including methods of the US Environmental Protection Agency, and regulatory and methodological documents of the Russian Federation regulating methods of selection, storage, preparation and analysis of soil samples for VOC content.

The dominant place among methods for monitoring for VOCs belongs to gas chromatography with various types of detectors. For multicomponent analysis of complex objects, gas chromatography with mass selective detection is used due to the wide capabilities provided by the mass detector. A universal mass spectrometry method used in analytical laboratories is electron impact ionization mass spectrometry. For research purposes, modern highly sensitive methods are used – mass spectrometry based on the proton transfer reaction PTR-MS, ion trap mass spectrometry PIT-MS, negative ion ionization mass spectrometry NI-PT-CIMS, time-of-flight mass spectrometry of the transfer reaction proton PTR-TOF-MS.

The collection and storage of samples for VOC analysis requires compliance with regulations to prevent both loss of analytes and sample contamination. Sample preparation includes methods such as vacuum and azeotropic distillation, thermal desorption, liquid extraction, various options for static and dynamic headspace analysis.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgment

Acknowledgment. The study was supported by the state assignment, code “Monitoring”.

Received

Received: July 7, 2024 / Revised: July 31, 2024 / Accepted: October 2, 2024 / Published: November 19, 2024

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.