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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-10-1235-1242</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">pjuahp</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4426</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Интерпретация сдвигов значений некоторых показателей цитомного анализа буккальных эпителиоцитов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Interpretation of shifts in the values ​​of some indices of cytome analysis of buccal epithelial cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4377-245X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрченко</surname><given-names>Валентина Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurchenko</surname><given-names>Valentina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: VYurchenko@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), leading researcher of the Department of Preventive Toxicology and Biomedical Studies of the Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: VYurchenko@cspmz.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VYurchenko@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3619-3858</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахальцева</surname><given-names>Людмила Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhaltseva</surname><given-names>Lyudmila V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: LAhalceva@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), senior researcher of the Department of Preventive Toxicology and Biomedical Studies of the Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: LAhalceva@cspmz.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">LAhalceva@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-8980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривцова</surname><given-names>Елена Константиновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivtsova</surname><given-names>Elena K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кауч. сотр. отд. профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: E.K.Krivcova@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher of the Department of Preventive Toxicology and Biomedical Studies of the Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: E.K.Krivcova@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">E.K.Krivcova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-6800</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ингель</surname><given-names>Фаина Исааковна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ingel</surname><given-names>Faina I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: FIngel@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Biology), leading researcher of the Department of Preventive Toxicology and Biomedical Studies of the Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: FIngel@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">FIngel@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1235</fpage><lpage>1242</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юрченко В.В., Ахальцева Л.В., Кривцова Е.К., Ингель Ф.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юрченко В.В., Ахальцева Л.В., Кривцова Е.К., Ингель Ф.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yurchenko V.V., Akhaltseva L.V., Krivtsova E.K., Ingel F.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4426">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4426</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Учёт микроядер (МЯ) в эпителии слизистой оболочки щеки широко используют для оценки воздействия на человека генотоксичных факторов. Цитомный анализ делает тест более чувствительным при выявлении факта экспозиции, но отнести сдвиги отдельных показателей к проявлению токсичности или генотоксичности сложно. Мы предположили, что анализ частот разных форм аномалий ядра в клетках разной степени зрелости может продвинуть наше понимание биологического смысла сдвигов этих показателей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведён цитомный анализ с учётом степени зрелости эпителиоцитов в соскобах слизистой оболочки щеки детей 6–7 лет и для сравнения в уротелии мышей и крыс в контроле и после применения индуктора цистита и стандартного мутагена циклофосфамида (ЦФ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В соскобах слизистой оболочки щеки у детей частота клеток с конденсированным хроматином в ядре, кариорексисом и кариопикнозом существенно повышалась в промежуточных клетках, а частота двуядерных клеток (ДК), клеток с ядерными почками (ЯП) и кариолизисом — только по достижении терминально дифференцированного состояния. Анализ суспензионных препаратов эпителия мочевого пузыря лабораторных животных подтвердил преимущественное накопление ДК в поверхностных слоях. На модели цистита у крыс, вызванного однократным введением ЦФ в дозе 30 мг/кг, наблюдалось снижение частоты ДК в конце пролиферативной фазы посттравматической регенерации эпителия (14 дней после применения ЦФ). После выпаивания мышам ЦФ в дозе 1,3 мг/кг/сут в течение 14 дней среди наиболее зрелых клеток было отмечено повышение частоты ДК.</p><p>Ограничение исследования — отсутствие оценки содержания ДНК в ядрах эпителиоцитов, не позволившее оценить формы полиплоидии, отличные от абортивного цитокинеза (эндоциклирование и эндомитоз).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Получено подтверждение релевантности трактовки повышения частоты ДК в буккальных эпителиоцитах экспонированных людей как проявления генотоксического воздействия. Снижение частоты ДК в ряде случаев может быть связано с восстановительной посттравматической регенерацией эпителия.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Обследование детей (отбор проб слущивающегося эпителия щеки выполняли неинвазивным методом) проведено с соблюдением норм и правил, закреплённых в Хельсинкской декларации Всемирной медицинской ассоциации с разрешения и в присутствии родителей, заполнивших бланк добровольного информированного согласия на обследование своих детей. Эксперименты проведены в соответствии с правилами, принятыми Европейской Конвенцией о защите позвоночных животных, используемых для экспериментов или в иных научных целях (ETS N 123), директивой Европейского парламента и Совета Европейского союза 2010/63/ЕС от 22.09.2010 г. о защите животных, используемых для научных целей.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Юрченко В.В. — анализ и интерпретация данных литературы, взятие проб эпителиоцитов, приготовление препаратов для цитомного анализа, статистический анализ и описание результатов цитомного анализа, написание текста; Ахальцева Л.В. — поиск и анализ данных литературы, микроскопический анализ мазков слизистой оболочки детей, редактирование рукописи и подготовка её к печати; Кривцова Е.К. — микроскопический анализ суспензионных препаратов мочевого пузыря мышей и крыс; Ингель Ф.И. — обсуждение и редактирование рукописи. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания «Анализ изменений адаптации у населения, проживающего в районах размещения предприятий — источников запаха, с целью разработки рекомендаций для органов здравоохранения по управлению риском возникновения экологически обусловленных заболеваний».</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 05.07.2024 / Принята к печати: 02.10.2024 / Опубликована: 19.11.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Accounting for micronuclei (MN) in the epithelium of the buccal mucosa is widely used to identify human exposure to genotoxic factors. Cytome analysis makes the test more sensitive to detect exposure, but it remains difficult to attribute changes in individual indices to toxicity or genotoxicity. We hypothesized that analysis of the frequencies of different forms of nuclear abnormalities in cells of different degrees of maturity could promote our understanding of the biological meaning of shifts in these indicators.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A cytome analysis was carried out taking into account the degree of maturity of epithelial cells in scrapings of the cheek mucosa in 6–7 years children, and, for comparison, in the urothelium of mice and rats in the control and after the administration of a cystitis inducer and the standard mutagen cyclophosphamide (CP).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In scrapings of the buccal mucosa from children, the frequency of cells with condensed chromatin in the nucleus, karyorrhexis and karyopyknosis increased significantly in intermediate cells, and the frequency of binuclear cells (BN), cells with nuclear buds (NB) and karyolysis increased only upon reaching a terminally differentiated state. Analysis of suspension preparations of the bladder epithelium in laboratory animals confirmed the predominant accumulation of BN in the superficial layers. In a model of cystitis in rats caused by a single administration of CP at a dose of 30 mg/kg, a decrease in the frequency of BN was observed at the end of the proliferative phase of post-traumatic epithelial regeneration (14 days after CP administration). After feeding mice with CP at a dose of 1.3 mg/kg/day for 14 days, an increase in the frequency of BN was noted among the most mature cells.</p><p>Limitation of the study is the lack of assessment of the DNA content in the nuclei of epithelial cells, which did not allow evaluating forms of polyploidy other than abortive cytokinesis (endocycling and endomitosis).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. There was received confirmation of the relevance of interpretation the increase in the frequency of BNs in buccal epithelial cells in a group of exposed people as a manifestation of genotoxic effects; a decrease in the frequency of BNs in some cases may be associated with post-traumatic regeneration of the epithelium.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The examination of children (sampling of desquamated buccal epithelium was carried out using a non-invasive method) in compliance with the norms and regulations enshrined in the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Organization with the permission and in the presence of parents who filled out a voluntary informed consent form for the examination of their children. The study carried out under the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments or Other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123), Directive of the European Parliament and Council of the European Union 2010/63/EU of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Yurchenko V.V. — analysis and interpretation of literature data, sampling of epithelial cells, preparation of preparations for cytome analysis, statistical analysis and description of the results of cytome analysis, writing an article; Akhaltseva L.V. — search and analysis of literature data, microscopic analysis of smears of the mucous membrane of children, manuscript editing and preparing for publication; Krivtsova E.K. — microscopic analysis of suspension preparations of the bladder of mice and rats; Ingel F.I. — discussion and editing of the manuscript. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment “Analysis of adaptation changes in the population living in areas where odor sources are located, with the aim of developing recommendations for health authorities on managing the risk of environmentally related diseases”.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: July 5, 2024 / Accepted: October 2, 2024 / Published: November 19, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>соскобы слизистой оболочки щеки человека</kwd><kwd>микроядерный тест</kwd><kwd>цитомный анализ</kwd><kwd>уротелий млекопитающих</kwd><kwd>двуядерные клетки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>scrapings of the mucous membrane of the cheek</kwd><kwd>micronucleus test</kwd><kwd>cytome analysis</kwd><kwd>mammalian urothelium</kwd><kwd>binucleate cells</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanz-Gómez N., de Pedro I., Ortigosa B., Santamaría D., Malumbres M., de Cárcer G., et al. 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