medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-11-1328-1333folaxmmedlit-4458Research ArticleМЕДИЦИНА ТРУДАOCCUPATIONAL HEALTHВоздействие факторов риска на формирование бронхолёгочной патологии у работников сельского хозяйства (обзор литературы)The combined effect of behavioural and occupational risk factors on the formation of bronchopulmonary pathology in agricultural workers (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5749-2382РайковаСветлана ВладимировнаRaikovaSvetlana V.

Канд. мед. наук, доцент, ст. науч. сотр. отд. медико-профилактических и инновационных технологий Саратовского медицинского научного центра гигиены ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 410022, Саратов, Россия

e-mail: matiz853@yandex.ru

PhD (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Senior Researcher, Department of Medical-Preventive and Innovative Technologies, Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center Saratov, 410022, Russian Federation

e-mail: matiz853@yandex.ru

matiz853@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8220-145XМазиловСвятослав ИгоревичMazilovSvyatoslav I.

Канд. биол. наук, науч. сотр. отд. медико-профилактических и инновационных технологий Саратовского медицинского научного центра гигиены ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 410022, Саратов, Россия

e-mail: smazilov@ya.ru

PhD (Biology), Researcher, Department of Medical-Preventive and Innovative Technologies, Saratov Hygiene Medical Research, Saratov, 410022, Russian Federation

e-mail: smazilov@ya.ru

smazilov@ya.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-9368КомлеваНаталия ЕвгеньевнаKomlevaNataliia E.

Доктор мед. наук, зам. руководителя по научной работе Саратовского медицинского научного центра гигиены ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 410022, Саратов, Россия

e-mail: nekomleva@yandex.ru

DSc (Medicine), Deputy Chief of Science, Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center, Saratov, 410022, Russian Federation

e-mail: nekomleva@yandex.ru

nekomleva@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4234-7056ЗаикинаИнна ВикторовнаZaikinaInna V.

Канд. мед. наук, доцент, ст. науч. сотр. отд. медико-профилактических и инновационных технологий Саратовского медицинского научного центра гигиены ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 410022, Саратов, Россия

e-mail: innaza2@mail.ru

PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Department of Medical-Preventive and Innovative Technologies, Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center, Saratov, 410022, Russian Federation

e-mail: innaza2@mail.ru

innaza2@mail.ruСаратовский медицинский научный центр гигиены ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения»РоссияSaratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management TechnologiesRussian Federation2024171220241031113281333Copyright © Райкова С.В., Мазилов С.И., Комлева Н.Е., Заикина И.В., 20242024Райкова С.В., Мазилов С.И., Комлева Н.Е., Заикина И.В.Raikova S.V., Mazilov S.I., Komleva N.E., Zaikina I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4458

В процессе трудовой деятельности работники сельского хозяйства подвергаются воздействию ряда вредных факторов окружающей и производственной среды, оказывающих негативное влияние на здоровье. Кроме того, работники сельского хозяйства часто имеют низкую приверженность здоровому образу жизни. Сочетанное воздействие поведенческих и профессиональных факторов риска способно запускать патогенетические механизмы формирования профессиональных, связанных с работой, и общесоматических болезней, в частности бронхолёгочной патологии. Для получения информации выполнен поиск релевантных исследований, опубликованных в реферативных базах данных Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, РИНЦ, за период 2000–2024 гг. В обзор включена информация из 65 полнотекстовых источников. По данным литературы установлено, что противовоспалительный эффект алкоголя не приводил к уменьшению негативного действия пылевого фактора, а повышал риск развития воспалительных процессов в органах респираторной системы. Сочетанное действие пылевого фактора и курения в развитии патологии дыхательной системы остаётся малоизученным. На работников воздействует ряд факторов, приводящих к абдоминальному ожирению, которое также увеличивает риск развития бронхолёгочной патологии. Состояние хронического стресса у работников сельского хозяйства является фактором риска развития болезней органов дыхания, самостоятельно запускает патогенетические механизмы развития ряда патологий, а также воздействует опосредованно через формирование метаболических нарушений.

Заключение

Заключение. Работники сельского хозяйства подвергаются воздействию вредных производственных факторов (неорганическая пыль, органическая пыль, пестициды) в сочетании с поведенческими факторами (алкоголь, курение, нерациональное питание, психологический стресс), которые оказывают негативное влияние на дыхательную систему. Целесообразно дальнейшее изучение сочетанного влияния поведенческих и профессиональных факторов риска у работников сельского хозяйства в развитии бронхолёгочной патологии.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Райкова С.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста; Мазилов С.И. – сбор материала и обработка данных, статистическая обработка; Комлева Н.Е. – редактирование; Заикина И.В. – сбор материала и обработка данных. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.

Поступила

Поступила: 13.08.2024 / Принята к печати: 19.11.2024 / Опубликована: 17.12.2024

Occupational activities in agricultural workers involve exposure to several harmful environmental and occupational factors potent of affecting workers’ health. In addition to that, low adherence to healthy lifestyles was revealed among agricultural workers. Combined effects produced by behavioural and occupational risk factors can induce pathogenetic mechanisms of occupational, work-related and general somatic diseases, included bronchopulmonary pathology.

To obtain necessary information, a search was performed for relevant studies published in the abstract databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, RSCI for the period of 2000–2024 by keywords. The review includes data from sixty five full-text sources.

Anti-inflammatory effects of alcohol on dust inhalation did not lead to a decrease in adverse impact of the dust factor but instead was accompanied by an increased risk of inflammatory processes in the respiratory organs. The combined contribution made by the dust factor and smoking to development of respiratory pathology remains poorly understood. Workers are affected by a number of factors leading to abdominal obesity, which is a risk factor for the development of bronchopulmonary pathology. Chronic stress, which is typical for agricultural workers, is a risk factor potent of causing diseases of the respiratory system, both by independently triggering pathogenetic mechanisms of disease development and acting indirectly through the formation of metabolic disorders.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Agricultural workers are exposed to harmful occupational factors (inorganic dust, organic dust, and pesticides) as well as to relevant behavioural factors (alcohol, smoking, poor nutrition, and psychological stress), which have an adverse effect on the respiratory system. It is necessary to further study the combined influence of behavioural and occupational risk factors on the development of bronchopulmonary pathology in agricultural workers.

Contribution

Contribution: Raikova S.V. – the study concept and design, data collection and analysis, writing the text; Mazilov S.I. – data collection and analysis, statistical analysis; Komleva N.E. – editing the text; Zaikina I.V. – data collection and analysis. All authors have approved the final version of the manuscript and bear full responsibility for the integrity of all its parts.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received

Received: August 13, 2024 / Accepted: November 19, 2024 / Published: December 17, 2024

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.